学名(拉丁名) | Viola tricolor |
中文名 | 三色堇 |
命名人 | L. |
中文科名 | 堇菜科 |
拉丁属名 | Viola |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Violaceae |
中文属名 | 堇菜属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Viola tricolor |
中文名 | 三色堇 |
中文科名 | 堇菜科 |
拉丁属名 | Viola |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Violaceae |
中文属名 | 堇菜属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Viola tricolor |
中文名 | 三色堇 |
中文科名 | 堇菜科 |
类型 | |
拉丁科名 | VIOLACEAE |
学名(拉丁名) | Viola tricolor |
中文名 | 三色堇 |
中文科名 | 堇菜科 |
类型 | |
拉丁科名 | VIOLACEAE |
学名(拉丁名) | Viola tricolor |
命名人 | L. (accepted name) |
拉丁属名 | Viola |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Violaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Viola tricolor |
命名人 | L. |
发表年份 | 1753(年) |
拉丁属名 | Viola |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Violaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Viola tricolor |
中文名 | 三色堇 |
拉丁属名 | Viola |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Violaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Viola tricolor |
中文名 | 三色堇 |
中文科名 | 堇菜科 |
拉丁属名 | Viola |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Violaceae |
中文属名 | 堇菜属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Viola tricolor |
发表年份 | 1753(年) |
拉丁属名 | Viola |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Violaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Viola tricolor |
拉丁属名 | Viola |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Violaceae |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
---|---|---|---|
Jacea tricolor | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Opiz |
Mnemion agreste | Unresolved | The Plant List | Fourr. |
Mnemion alpestre | Unresolved | The Plant List | Fourr. |
Mnemion contemptum | Unresolved | The Plant List | Fourr. |
Mnemion elegans | Unresolved | The Plant List | Spach |
Mnemion gracilescens | Unresolved | The Plant List | Fourr. |
Mnemion nemausense | Unresolved | The Plant List | Fourr. |
Mnemion sagotii | Unresolved | The Plant List | Fourr. |
Mnemion segetale | Unresolved | The Plant List | Fourr. |
Mnemion tenellum | Unresolved | The Plant List | Webb |
Mnemion tricolor | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Spach |
Mnemion variatum | Unresolved | The Plant List | Fourr. |
Viola luteola | Synonym | The Plant List | Jord. |
Viola pratensis | Unresolved | The Plant List | Mert. & W.D.J.Koch |
Viola tricolor var. hortensis | Synonym | The Plant List | DC. |
Viola tricolor subsp. macedonica | Unresolved | The Plant List | (Boiss. & Heldr.) |
Viola tricolor subsp. matutina | Unresolved | The Plant List | (Klokov) |
Mnemion sudeticum | Unresolved | The Plant List | Fourr. |
Viola tricolor var. nana | Unresolved | The Plant List | DC. |
Viola tricolor subsp. subalpina | Accepted | The Plant List | Gaudin |
Viola tricolor f. tenella | Accepted | The Plant List | (Muhl.) Farw. |
Viola nemausensis | Synonym | The Plant List | Jord. |
Viola tricolor subsp. curtisii | Accepted | The Plant List | (E.Forst.) Syme |
一、二年生或多年生草本,高10-40厘米。地上茎较粗,直立或斜生,有棱,单一或多分枝。基生叶叶片长卵形或披针形,具长柄。茎生叶叶片卵形,长圆状卵形或长圆状披针形,先端圆或钝,基部圆,边缘具疏圆齿或钝锯齿,上部的叶柄较长,下部的较短。托叶大型,叶状,羽状深裂,长1-4厘米。花大,直径3.5-6厘米,每条茎上有3-10朵,每朵花常有紫、白、黄三色;花梗稍粗,单生叶腋,上部有2枚对生的极小的小苞片,小苞片卵状三角形;萼片绿色,长圆状披针形,长1.2-2.2厘米,宽3-5毫米,先端尖,边缘有狭的膜质边,基部附属物发达,长3-6毫米,边缘不整齐;上方花瓣深紫色,侧方及下方花瓣均为三色,有紫色条纹,侧方花瓣里面基部有须毛,下方花瓣距较细,长5-8毫米;子房无毛,花柱短,基部明显膝曲,柱头膨大,呈球状,前方具较大的柱头孔。蒴果椭圆形,长8-12毫米,无毛。染色体2n=20,26,42,46。花期4-7月,果期5-8月。
原产欧洲,现我国各地公园栽培供观赏,品种繁多,花形色彩秀丽,为很好的观赏花卉。云南省各地普遍栽培。
Viola tricolor var. hortensis Candolle.
Herbs annual, biennial, or perennial, 10-40 cm tall. Stems erect or slightly oblique, slightly robust, angled, simple or numerously branched. Basal leaf blade narrowly ovate or lanceolate, long petiolate; stipules large, leaflike, deeply pinnatifid, 1-4 cm; petioles of upper leaves longer, those of lower leaves shorter; cauline leaf blade ovate, oblong-orbicular, or oblong-lanceolate, base rounded, margin remotely crenate, apex rounded or obtuse. Flowers solitary in leaf axils, usually 3-colored (purple, white, and yellow), large, 3.5-6 cm in diam., with 3-10 flowers per stem; pedicels slightly robust, 2-bracteolate at upper part; bracteoles opposite, ovate-triangular, very small. Sepals green, oblong-lanceolate, 1.2-2.2 cm × 3-5 mm, margin narrowly membranous, apex acute, basal auricles developed, 3-6 mm, margin irregular. Corolla flat; upper petals deep purple-violet, lateral petals and anterior one 3-colored, purple-striate, lateral ones inside densely barbate at base; spur of anterior petal smaller, 5-8 mm. Ovary glabrous; styles short, base conspicuously geniculate; stigmas enlarged, globose, with a large stigma hole in front. Capsule ellipsoid, 8-12 mm, glabrous. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. May-Aug. 2n = 26.
Widely cultivated in China [native to Europe].
110. 三色堇(种子植物名称) 三色堇菜(中国植物图鉴),蝴蝶花,阿拉叶一尼勒一其其格(蒙名) 图版25: 7-9
Viola tricolor L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 935. 1753; Klok. in Kom. Fl. URSS 15: 462. 1949; 东北草本植物志 6: 126. 1977; 内蒙古植物志 4: 109. 图版51. 1979; 北京植物志上册 587. 1954; 汪劲武等, 植物研究 8(2): 126. 1988. ——V. tricolor L. var. hortensis DC. Prodr. 1: 303. 1824; 中国高等植物图鉴 2: 902. 图3534. 1972; 秦岭植物志 1(3): 314. 1981; 西藏植物志 3: 292. 1986.
一、二年生或多年生草本,高10-40厘米。地上茎较粗,直立或稍倾斜,有棱,单一或多分枝。基生叶叶片长卵形或披针形,具长柄;茎生叶叶片卵形、长圆状圆形或长圆状披针形,先端圆或钝,基部圆,边缘具稀疏的圆齿或钝锯齿,上部叶叶柄较长,下部者较短;托叶大型,叶状,羽状深裂,长1-4厘米。花大,直径约3.5-6厘米,每个茎上有3-10朵,通常每花有紫、白、黄三色;花梗稍粗,单生叶腋,上部具2枚对生的小苞片;小苞片极小,卵状三角形;萼片绿色,长圆状披针形,长1.2-2.2厘米,宽3-5毫米,先端尖,边缘狭膜质,基部附属物发达,长3-6毫米,边缘不整齐;上方花瓣深紫堇色,侧方及下方花瓣均为三色,有紫色条纹,侧方花瓣里面基部密被须毛,下方花瓣距较细,长5-8毫米;子房无毛,花柱短,基部明显膝曲,柱头膨大,呈球状,前方具较大的柱头孔。蒴果椭圆形,长8-12毫米。无毛。染色体数目不定,2n=20,26,42,46。花期4-7月,果期5-8月。
我国各地公园栽培供观赏。原产欧洲。
据《苏联植物志》15卷记载,本组在我国新疆塔城地区产的塔城堇菜 Viola tarbagataica Klok. in Kom. Fl. URSS 15: 683. 1949. 为多年生草本。地上茎高10-25厘米,无毛。叶片茎下方者卵形或圆卵形,中部者长圆状卵形,上方者长圆状披针形,长1.2-5厘米,宽0.5-1.7厘米,边缘具密圆齿;托叶长0.7-3.2厘米,掌状深裂,顶部裂片叶状,侧裂片线状长圆形。花1-5朵生于每一茎上;花梗长2-11厘米;萼片线状长圆形,长10-12毫米,先端短渐尖;花冠蓝紫色,宽2-2.5厘米,下方花瓣基部有黄色斑点,距长3-4毫米。蒴果卵圆状,长7-8毫米。但我们未见到标本。
Viola tricolor | |||
Family Name: | Violaceae | Genera name: | Viola |
Species name: | tricolor | Genera status: | 3 |
NLR: | Comments: | ||
|
Sample Name: | Fortuna-Garsdorf (R) 7804 | Formation: | |
Age: | Epoch (to): | Pliocene~ | |
Stage: | Piacenzian~ | Contributer: | |
Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
locality name: | Fortuna-Garsdorf (R) 7804 | Province/State: | North Rhine |
Continents: | Europe | county: | Westphalia |
country: | Germany | longitude-decimal degrees: | 6.65 |
latitude-decimal degrees: | 50.966667 | elevation [m]: | |
Notes: |
Lower Rhine-Van der Burgh, 1983 | |||
title: | Allochthonous seed and fruit floras from the Pliocene of the Lower Rhine Basin | ||
Year: | 1983 | Type: | journal |
Volume: | 40 | Issue: | |
Pages: | 33-90 | Publisher: | |
Location of publisher: | General: | ||
Authors: | J. Van Der Burgh |
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
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Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
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Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
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Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
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Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
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新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
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第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
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全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
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上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |