学名(拉丁名) | Viola rupestris |
中文名 | 石生堇菜 |
命名人 | F. W. Schmidt |
中文科名 | 堇菜科 |
拉丁属名 | Viola |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Violaceae |
中文属名 | 堇菜属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Viola rupestris |
命名人 | F. W. Schmidt (accepted name) |
拉丁属名 | Viola |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Violaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Viola rupestris |
命名人 | F.W.Schmidt |
发表年份 | 1791(年) |
拉丁属名 | Viola |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Violaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Viola rupestris |
中文名 | 石生堇菜 |
拉丁属名 | Viola |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Violaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Viola rupestris |
中文名 | 石生堇菜 |
中文科名 | 堇菜科 |
拉丁属名 | Viola |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Violaceae |
中文属名 | 堇菜属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Viola rupestris |
发表年份 | 1791(年) |
拉丁属名 | Viola |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Violaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Viola rupestris |
拉丁属名 | Viola |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Violaceae |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
---|---|---|---|
Viola canina var. rupestris | Synonym | The Plant List | (F.W. Schmidt) Regel |
Viola glaberrima | Synonym | The Plant List | C. Serg. |
Viola rupestris subsp. rupestris | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Viola rupestris var. glaberrima | Accepted | The Plant List | Murb. |
Viola arenaria | Synonym | The Plant List | DC. |
1 | Plants smaller; stipules usually ovate or broadly lanceolate, 3-5 × 1.5-2.5 mm, margin fimbriate-serrate or sparsely emarginate-serrate. (10) | a subsp. rupestris |
1 + | Plants larger; stipules usually narrowly long, linear or subulate, 5-7 × 0.8-1.3 mm. (10) | b subsp. licentii |
Herbs perennial, caulescent, 5-10 cm tall, puberulous throughout, rarely sparsely puberulous or glabrous. Rhizome erect, deep brown, short, robust, with nodes and scales; tap root robust, long; roots brown, much branched in lower part; rootlets long, slender. Stems many, fasciculate, obliquely ascending or erect, longitudinally angled. Basal leaves rosulate, long petiolate; cauline leaves similar to basal ones; stipules of basal leaves usually sparsely arranged, lanceolate, fimbriate-dentate, those of cauline leaves free, ovate to lanceolate, 3-7 × 0.8-2.5 mm, margin fimbriate-serrate or sparsely emarginate-serrate, teeth with brown glandular dots at apices, apex acuminate; petiole slender, weak, narrowly winged only in upper part, middle ones much longer than blades, upper ones ca. as long as blades; blade orbicular or ovate-orbicular, 0.8-1.7 × 0.7-1.8 cm, both surfaces puberulous, with brown glandular dots when dry, base shallowly cordate, margin regularly crenate, apex obtuse. Flowers solitary in upper leaf axils purple or purplish; pedicels much exceeding leaves, 2.5-6 cm, slender, sparsely puberulous, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles subulate or linear, 4-6 mm, fimbriate-dentate at middle and lower parts. Sepals broadly lanceolate or lanceolate, 4-7.5 × 1-2.5 mm, 3-veined, with dense brown glandular dots, apex acute, basal auricles square, shorter, 0.5-1.5 mm, with 2 or 3 obtuse teeth at apex. Petals narrowly oblong-ovate, veins deeply colored, lateral petals 0.8-1 × ca. 4 mm, distinctly bearded, upper ones subequaling lateral ones, anterior one shorter, 1.3-1.4 cm (spur included), with dense brown glandular dots; spur cylindric, 3-4 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam., apex rounded, horizontally straight or slightly curved upward. Anthers ca. 1.3 mm, connective appendages ca. 0.7 mm; 2 anterior stamens ca. 3 mm, spur broadly triangular, ca. 2.5 × 0.8 mm. Ovary deep brown, ovoid, styles clavate, evenly thick, slightly narrower only at base, slightly geniculate forward at base, curved forward at tip and beaked, conspicuously papillose abaxially and on lateral sides of beak; beak horizontal, mouth slightly curved upward, with a larger stigma hole. Capsule oblong, 5-7 mm, 3-4 mm in diam., with remains of styles at apex, puberulous or glabrous.
Forests, grassy slopes, meadows in river valleys, sandy grasslands; 1000-2500(-4000) m. SE Gansu, S Shaanxi, S Shanxi, Xinjiang [Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, N Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan; SW Asia (Caucasus), Europe].
13. 石生堇菜(新拟)
Viola rupestris F. W. Schmidt, Neue Abh. Boehm. Ges. 1: 60. 1791; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 40 (2): 59. 1923; ——V arenaria DC. Fl. Fr. 4: 806. 1805 et Prodr. 1: 298. 1824; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 254. 1842.—— V. canina L. δ rupestris Regel. Pl. Radd. 1: 250. 1861. p. p. max.——V. canina L. var. rupestris Regel et Herd. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 39: 528. 1866.
13a. 石生堇菜(原亚种)
subsp. rupestris
多年生草本,有地上茎,高5-10厘米,全体被短柔毛,稀散生短毛或无毛。根状茎短粗垂直,具结节和鳞片,深褐色,向下生有1条较粗而长的主根;根褐色,下端多分枝,支根细长。茎多条,丛生,斜升或直立,具纵棱。基生叶呈莲座状,具长柄,茎生叶与基生叶相似;叶片正圆形或卵圆形,长0.8-1.7厘米,宽0.7-1.8厘米,先端钝,基部浅心形,边缘具整齐圆齿,两面被细柔毛,干后有棕色腺点;叶柄细弱,仅上部有不明显的狭翅,茎中部叶的叶柄远较叶片为长,上部者与叶片等长;基生叶的托叶通常疏松排列,披针形,具长的流苏状齿,茎生叶的托叶离生,卵形或宽披针形,长3-7毫米,宽1.5-2.5毫米,先端渐尖,边缘具流苏状锯齿或疏生缺刻状锯齿,锯齿先端具褐色腺点。花紫色或淡紫色,单生于茎上部叶叶腋;花梗纤细,远较叶为长,长2.5-6厘米,疏生极短的细柔毛,中部以上有2枚小苞片;小苞片钻形或线形,长4-6毫米,中下部具长流苏状齿;萼片宽披针形或披针形,长4-7.5毫米,宽1-2.5毫米,具3脉,密生褐色腺点,先端尖,基部附属物较短,长0.5-1.5毫米,呈方形,末端具2-3个钝齿;花瓣狭长圆状卵形,具深色脉纹,侧方花瓣长0.8-1厘米,宽约4毫米,里面近基部密生长须毛,上方花瓣与侧方花瓣近等长,下方花瓣较短,连距长1.3-1.4厘米,密生褐色腺点;距圆筒状,长3-4毫米,粗约2毫米,末端圆,平直或略向上弯;雄蕊的花药长约1.3毫米,药隔顶部的附属物长约0.7毫米,下方雄蕊长约3毫米,距宽角形,长约2.5毫米,宽约0.8毫米;子房卵状,深棕色,花柱棒状,粗细均等,仅基部膝曲状弯曲处稍窄细,顶部向前弯曲呈喙状,其后方及两侧具明显的乳头状凸起;喙平伸,嘴部稍向上噘,具较粗的柱头孔。蒴果长圆状,长5-7毫米,粗3-4毫米,先端具残存的花柱,被短柔毛或无毛。花期4-6月,果期5-6月。2n=20。
产天山及新疆伊犁地区。生于海拔1300-2500米的山地林下、草坡或河谷草甸等处。欧洲及苏联有分布。
13b. 长托叶石生堇菜(亚种)(新拟)
subsp. licentii W. Beck. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 6: 248. 1928.
本亚种叶片通常较宽,近肾形,长0.8-1.4厘米,宽1.2-1.8厘米;托叶狭长,呈线形或钻状,长5-7毫米,宽0.8-1.3毫米,边缘具流苏状锯齿。花期5-6月。2n=20。
产甘肃。生于海拔2200米的山地草丛。模式标本采自甘肃东南部。
Viola rupestris | |||
Family Name: | Violaceae | Genera name: | Viola |
Species name: | rupestris | Genera status: | |
NLR: | Comments: | ||
|
Sample Name: | Hambach 14183 | Formation: | |
Age: | Epoch (to): | Miocene~ | |
Stage: | Messinian~Tortonian | Contributer: | |
Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
locality name: | Hambach | Province/State: | North Rhine |
Continents: | Europe | county: | Westphalia |
country: | Germany | longitude-decimal degrees: | 6.466667 |
latitude-decimal degrees: | 50.783333 | elevation [m]: | |
Notes: |
Hambach-Van der Burger, 1987 | |||
title: | Miocene floras in the lower Rhenish basin and their ecological interpretation | ||
Year: | 1987 | Type: | journal |
Volume: | 52 | Issue: | |
Pages: | 299-366 | Publisher: | |
Location of publisher: | General: | ||
Authors: | J. Van Der Burgh |
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
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Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
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Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
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Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
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Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
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新生界 |
中生界 |
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新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
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第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
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全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
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上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |