学名(拉丁名) | Thymus |
中文名 | 百里香属 |
命名人 | Linn. |
中文科名 | 唇形科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Labiatae |
学名(拉丁名) | Thymus |
中文名 | 百里香属 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Lamiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Thymus |
中文名 | 百里香属 |
中文科名 | 唇形科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Lamiaceae |
1 | 茎及枝具明显的四稜,毛被通常在节间两面交互对生;叶具极明显的圆齿,花萼上唇的齿伸长,超过上唇全长的一半。 | 长齿百里香 Thymus disjunctus |
1 | 茎及枝大部分是圆柱形或稀有不明显的四稜,全部被毛或偶有在枝的节间交互对生。 (2) | |
2 | 花序穗状或由于节间缩短而花序近头状;茎末端常具分枝。 (3) | |
2 | 花序头状或在果期稍延长;茎末端通常具不育枝。 (4) | |
3 | 茎的节间缩短,长不超过1厘米;叶被毛;花序长仅达5厘米,不具雌花株。 | 短节百里香 Thymus mandschuricus |
3 | 茎的节间不缩短,长均在2厘米以上;叶无毛或稀被微柔毛;花序长可达20厘米以上,雌花及两性花异株。 | 异株百里香 Thymus marschallianus |
4 | 叶被毛。 (5) | |
4 | 叶无毛。 (6) | |
5 | 花枝常被长毛;茎末端有上升的不育枝;叶边缘常具锯齿。 | 黑龙江百里香 Thymus amurensis |
5 | 花枝被短柔毛;茎末端具匍匐的不育枝;叶全缘。 | 短毛百里香 Thymus curtus |
6 | 叶的两侧多少有些不对称,叶脉多少有些弯曲,在下面明显突起。 | 斜叶百里香 Thymus inaequalis |
6 | 叶两侧对称。 (7) | |
7 | 花萼上唇齿三角形或近三角形,齿的长度不超过全唇片长的1/3。 (8) | |
7 | 花萼上唇齿披针形。 (11) | |
8 | 花萼上唇齿无缘毛或仅被短的硬毛。 (9) | |
8 | 花萼上唇齿被缘毛。 (10) | |
9 | 叶长圆状椭圆形或卵圆形,稀有倒卵圆形,脉较粗壮,在下面突起。 | 阿尔泰百里香 Thymus altaicus |
9 | 叶卵圆形,脉较纤细,在下面微突起。 | 百里香 Thymus mongolicus |
10 | 叶椭圆形,稀卵圆形。 | 拟百里香 Thymus proximus |
10 | 叶卵圆形。 | 百里香 Thymus mongolicus |
11 | 花萼上唇齿无缘毛或被短的硬毛;叶长圆状椭圆形或卵圆形,稀有倒卵圆形,小,长5-10毫米,宽1-3毫米;植株近丛生。 | 阿尔泰百里香 Thymus altaicus |
11 | 花萼上唇齿多少被缘毛,稀有不被缘毛。 (12) | |
12 | 茎纤细,多数丛生,自粗壮的根茎基部长出,上升;叶干时淡绿色;花萼具明显隆起的脉。 | 显脉百里香 Thymus nervulosus |
12 | 茎粗壮及多少有些匍匐,斜上升或水平伸展;叶干时多呈棕色或绿带棕色;花萼具不明显隆起的脉。 | 地椒 Thymus quinquecostatus |
1 | Stems and branches distinctly 4-angled, with a line of hairs from base of each leaf; leaves distinctly crenate; teeth of upper calyx lip 3/5 as long as lip (1) | Thymus disjunctus |
1 + | Stems and branches mostly terete, rarely indistinctly 4-angled, hairy throughout, or branches occasionally with a line of hairs from base of each leaf. | (2) |
2 (1) | Inflorescences spicate or subcapitate; all upper branches fertile. | (3) |
2 (1) + | Inflorescences capitate or slightly elongated in fruit; some upper branches infertile. | (4) |
3 (2) | Stem internodes less than 1 cm; leaves hairy; inflorescences to 5 cm; plants monoecious (2) | Thymus mandschuricus |
3 (2) + | Stem internodes more than 2 cm; leaves glabrous or sparsely puberulent; inflorescences to 20 cm or more; plants gynodioecious (3) | Thymus marschallianus |
4 (2) | Leaves hairy. | (5) |
4 (2) + | Leaves glabrous. | (6) |
5 (4) | Fertile branchlets villous; stem with ascending sterile branches; leaves serrate (4) | Thymus amurensis |
5 (4) + | Fertile branchlets pubescent; stem with trailing sterile branches; leaves entire (5) | Thymus curtus |
6 (4) | Leaves ± asymmetrical (6) | Thymus inaequalis |
6 (4) + | Leaves symmetrical. | (7) |
7 (6) | Teeth of upper calyx lip triangular or subtriangular, less than 1/3 as long as upper lip. | (8) |
7 (6) + | Teeth of upper calyx lip lanceolate. | (11) |
8 (7) | Teeth of upper calyx lip not ciliate or only minutely hispid. | (9) |
8 (7) + | Teeth of upper calyx lip ciliate. | (10) |
9 (8) | Leaf veins rather robust, elevated abaxially (9) | Thymus altaicus |
9 (8) + | Leaf veins rather slender, slightly elevated abaxially (8) | Thymus mongolicus |
10 (8) | Leaves elliptic, rarely ovate (7) | Thymus proximus |
10 (8) + | Leaves ovate (8) | Thymus mongolicus |
11 (7) | Teeth of upper calyx lip not ciliate or only minutely hispid (9) | Thymus altaicus |
11 (7) + | Teeth of upper calyx lip ± ciliate, rarely not ciliate. | (12) |
12 (11) | Stems slender, numerous, tufted, arising from robust rhizomatous base, ascending; leaves greenish when dry; calyx with distinctly raised veins (10) | Thymus nervulosus |
12 (11) + | Stem robust or ± trailing, obliquely ascending to horizontal; leaves brownish when dry; calyx with indistinctly raised veins (11) | Thymus quinquecostatus |
71.百里香属——Thymus Linn.
Linn. Sp. Pl. 590. 1753.
矮小半灌木。叶小,全缘或每侧具1-3小齿;苞叶与叶同形,至顶端变成小苞片。轮伞花序紧密排成头状花序或疏松排成穗状花序;花具梗。花萼管伏钟形或狭钟形,具10-13脉,二唇形,上唇开展或直立,3裂,裂片三角形或披针形,下唇2裂,裂片钻形,被硬缘毛,喉部被白色毛环。花冠筒内藏或外伸,冠檐二唇形,上唇直伸,微凹,下唇开裂,3裂,裂片近相等或中裂片较长。雄蕊4,分离,外伸或内藏,前对较长,花药2室,药室平行或叉开。花盘平顶。花柱先端2裂,裂片钻形,相等或近相等。小坚果卵珠形或长圆形,光滑。
约300-400种,分布在非洲北部、欧洲及亚洲温带。我国有11种,2变种,多分布于黄河以北地区。