| 学名(拉丁名) | Tectaria |
| 中文名 | 叉蕨属 |
| 命名人 | Cav. |
| 中文科名 | 叉蕨科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Aspidiaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Tectaria |
| 中文名 | 叉蕨属 |
| 中文科名 | 叉蕨科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Aspidiaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Tectaria |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Tectariaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Tectaria |
| 中文名 | 叉蕨属 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Tectariaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Tectaria |
| 中文名 | 三叉蕨属 |
| 中文科名 | 叉蕨科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Tectariaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Tectaria |
| 发表年份 | 1799(年) |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Tectariaceae |
| 1 | 孢子囊群大，通常生于内藏小脉顶端，在侧脉间有2行；囊群盖大，宿存 (叉蕨组Sect. Tectaria). (2) | 叉蕨组 Sect. Tectaria |
| 1 | 孢子囊群小，生于形成网眼的小脉上或网眼的交结处，在侧脉间有不规则的多行；囊群盖小，通常早落 (多果组Sect. Myriocarpos). (13) | 多果组 Sect. Myriocarpos |
| 2 | 羽轴两侧有明显的弧状脉，形成1行狭长的网眼；叶脉的网眼无内藏小脉或通常有单一的内藏小脉 (弧脉系Ser. Coadunatae) 。 (3) | 弧脉系 Ser. Coadunatae |
| 2 | 羽轴两侧无明显的弧状脉形成的狭长网眼；叶脉的网眼内有分叉的内藏小脉 (无弧脉系Ser. Ebeninae). (7) | 无弧脉系 Ser. Ebeninae |
| 3 | 叶为二型；能育叶的叶柄长为叶片的二倍。 | 疣状叉蕨 Tectaria variolosa |
| 3 | 叶为一型；叶柄与叶片等长或短于叶片。 (4) | |
| 4 | 叶片上面被有关节的淡棕色毛，叶缘有睫毛，叶干后绿色至暗绿色。 (5) | |
| 4 | 叶片两面光滑，叶缘几无睫毛，叶干后淡棕色或有时鲜绿色。 (6) | |
| 5 | 叶柄、叶轴及羽轴栗褐色；叶脉及主脉下面被有关节的淡棕色毛。 | 大齿叉蕨 Tectaria coadunata |
| 5 | 叶柄及叶轴暗棕色，羽轴深禾秆色；叶脉及主脉下面光滑无毛。 | 棕柄叉蕨 Tectaria consimilis |
| 6 | 叶柄栗褐色，基部粗达1厘米，全部密被鳞片；叶片长达60厘米。 | 鳞柄叉蕨 Tectaria griffithii |
| 6 | 叶柄禾秆色，基部粗约5毫米，仅基部疏被鳞片，向上部光滑；叶片长约40厘米。 | 疏羽叉蕨 Tectaria remotipinna |
| 7 | 叶片基部下延于叶柄两侧形成阔翅几达叶柄基部 (有翅群Grex Decurrentes). (8) | 有翅群 Grex Decurrentes |
| 7 | 叶片基部不下延，叶柄无翅 (无翅群Grex Ebeuinae). (9) | 无翅群 Grex Ebeninae |
| 8 | 叶片奇数一回羽裂，长卵形。 | 下延叉蕨 Tectaria decurrens |
| 8 | 叶片为单叶，不分裂，披针形。 | 剑叶叉蕨 Tectaria leptophylla |
| 9 | 叶柄、叶轴及羽轴乌木色并有光泽。 | 黑柄叉蕨 Tectaria ebenina |
| 9 | 叶柄、叶轴栗色或近禾秆色，无光泽或稍有光泽。 (10) | |
| 10 | 叶柄禾秆色；叶片小，三角卵形，掌状三至五裂。 | 掌状叉蕨 Tectaria subpedata |
| 10 | 叶柄棕色至褐棕色；叶片大，椭圆形，一回羽状至三回羽裂。 (11) | |
| 11 | 叶大，长达1米或更长；叶柄长达1米，基部粗1-1.5厘米，全部被披针形的长鳞片。 | 大叶叉蕨 Tectaria dubia |
| 11 | 叶较小，长30-80厘米；叶柄长40-60厘米，基部粗不及1厘米，全部几光滑无鳞片。 (12) | |
| 12 | 羽片5对以上；基部一对羽片的基部两侧不对称；中部的羽片披针形，宽约3厘米，条状撕裂。 | 条裂叉蕨 Tectaria phaeocaulis |
| 12 | 羽片3-4对；基部一对羽片的基部两侧对称；中部的羽片三角状椭圆形，宽达8厘米，深羽裂。 | 云南叉蕨 Tectaria yunnanensis |
| 13 | 叶柄上部或向下几达基部有阔翅 (翅柄系Ser. Decrrenti-alatae). (14) | 翅柄系 Ser. Decurrenti-alatae |
| 13 | 叶柄全部无翅 (裸柄系Ser. Variabiles). (17) | 裸柄系 Ser. Variabiles |
| 14 | 叶柄两侧的翅下延几达叶柄基部；叶柄基部粗达1厘米；侧生羽片3-4对，基部无腋芽。 | 翅柄叉蕨 Tectaria decurrenti-alata |
| 14 | 叶柄两侧的翅仅达于叶柄上部或中部；叶柄基部粗约5毫米；侧生羽片1-2对，基部有腋芽。 (15) | |
| 15 | 叶柄只于近顶部有翅；羽片的边缘有浅波状阔钝齿；顶生羽片分叉处无腋芽；基部一对羽片单一。 | 海南叉蕨 Tectaria hainanensis |
| 15 | 叶柄的翅下达中部；羽片全缘；顶生羽片分叉处有腋芽；基部一对羽片分叉。 (16) | |
| 16 | 羽片披针形，中部宽6-7厘米。 | 芽胞叉蕨 Tectaria fauriei |
| 16 | 羽片椭圆形，中部宽达15厘米。 | 阔羽叉蕨 Tectaria fengii |
| 17 | 顶生羽片披针形至椭圆形，分离，单一或三叉，与下面一对羽片同形 (单顶群Grex Polymorphae.). (18) | 单顶群 Grex Polymorphae |
| 17 | 叶片顶部羽状分裂，与下面一对羽片不同形 (复顶群Grex Subtriphyllae). (25) | 复顶群 Grex Subtriphyllae |
| 18 | 叶柄及叶轴乌木色，有光泽。 | 燕尾叉蕨 Tectaria simonsii |
| 18 | 叶柄及叶轴禾秆色至淡棕色，无光泽。 (19) | |
| 19 | 顶生羽片的基部狭楔形并明显下延。 (20) | |
| 19 | 顶生羽片的基部为浅心脏形至圆楔形，不下延。 (23) | |
| 20 | 顶生羽片及侧生羽片均为单一 (有时叶为单叶) ；根状茎横走；孢子囊群在侧脉间2-3行。 | 多变叉蕨 Tectaria variabilis |
| 20 | 顶生羽片三叉；基部一对羽片二叉；根状茎直立；孢子囊群在侧脉间约5行。 (21) | |
| 21 | 侧生羽片2对，有狭翅自顶生羽片沿叶轴相连。 | 中间叉蕨 Tectaria simulans |
| 21 | 侧生羽片1对，无狭翅沿叶轴与顶生羽片相连 (即顶生羽片的基部下延，但不达其下一对羽片) 。 (22) | |
| 22 | 基部一对羽片的基部有腋生小芽胞；羽轴和侧脉下面被毛。 | 五裂叉蕨 Tectaria quinquefida |
| 22 | 基部一对羽片的基部无腋生小芽胞；羽轴和侧脉下面光滑。 | 河口叉蕨 Tectaria hekouensis |
| 23 | 根状茎横走；羽轴及侧脉下面光滑；羽片基部阔楔形至圆形。 | 思茅叉蕨 Tectaria simaoensis |
| 23 | 根状茎直立；羽轴及侧脉下面被毛；羽片基部浅心脏形。 (24) | |
| 24 | 羽片中部宽7-9厘米，基部不变狭；第二对羽片无柄；叶干后常为淡褐色。 | 多形叉蕨 Tectaria polymorpha |
| 24 | 羽片中部宽仅5厘米，基部渐变狭；第二对羽片有短柄；叶干后为暗绿色。 | 狭基叉蕨 Tectaria polymorpha var. subcuneata |
| 25 | 叶柄及叶轴栗褐色至深棕色，稍有光泽。 (26) | |
| 25 | 叶柄及叶轴禾秆色，无光泽。 (27) | |
| 26 | 叶片基部为二回羽裂至二回羽状；羽片全部均能育；下部羽片相距8-10厘米。 | 中形叉蕨 Tectaria media |
| 26 | 叶片基部为近三回羽状；羽片仅边缘及裂片能育；下部羽片相距15-20厘米。 | 贵州叉蕨 Tectaria kweichowensis |
| 27 | 叶为一型，下面光滑；羽片边缘有三角形的粗钝锯齿；孢子囊群仅生于叶缘及锯齿上，羽轴两侧不育。 | 粗齿叉蕨 Tectaria grossedentata |
| 27 | 叶为二型，下面密被有关节的灰白色毛；羽片边缘有波状浅圆齿；孢子囊群生于羽片全部。 | 三叉蕨 Tectaria subtriphylla |
| 1 | Fertile lamina much contracted; sporangia not forming sori but dense along veinlets | (2) |
| 1 + | Fertile fronds not or only slightly contracted; sori orbicular, separate, usually indusiate | (3) |
| 2 (1) | Lamina glabrous; plants usually large ( Hemigramma group). (13) | T. harlandii |
| 2 (1) + | Lamina hairy; plants minute, fronds less than 20 cm ( Quercifilix group). (35) | T. zeilanica |
| 3 (1) | Veins free or partly anastomosing, but then only those veins along costae or costules connecting, areoles without included veinlets ( Ctenitopsis group) | (4) |
| 3 (1) + | Veins fully anastomosing, areoles with included veinlets ( Tectaria group) | (13) |
| 4 (3) | Basiscopic pinnules or lobes of basal pinnae not elongated, often shortened | (5) |
| 4 (3) + | Basiscopic pinnules or lobes of basal pinnae obviously elongated | (7) |
| 5 (4) | Fronds bipinnate at base; veinlets anastomosing and forming obvious areoles. (2) | T. chinensis |
| 5 (4) + | Fronds bipinnatifid at base; veinlets free or occasionally anastomosing | (6) |
| 6 (5) | Stipes and rachises deep castaneous to dark brown, glossy; basal pinnae not shortened; sori intramarginal, indusiate. (26) | T. sagenioides |
| 6 (5) + | Stipes and rachises dark brown, dull; basal pinnae shortened; sori terminal, exindusiate. (30) | T. subsageniacea |
| 7 (4) | Plants ca. 2 m or taller; basal lamina 4-pinnatifid to 4-pinnate, 2-pinnate or 3-pinnatifid toward apices | (8) |
| 7 (4) + | Plants up to 1 m tall; basal lamina 3-pinnatifid to 3-pinnate, 2-pinnatifid upward | (9) |
| 8 (7) | Fronds glabrescent on both surfaces, dimorphic. (16) | T. ingens |
| 8 (7) + | Fronds densely hairy on both surfaces, homomorphic. (27) | T. setulosa |
| 9 (7) | Veinlets free | (10) |
| 9 (7) + | Veinlets anastomosing and forming obvious areoles | (11) |
| 10 (9) | Fronds triangular-ovate to ovate; pinnae 6-8 pairs, stipes and rachis glabrous or nearly so. (6) | T. dissecta |
| 10 (9) + | Fronds elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic; pinnae 9-12 pairs, stipes and rachis densely hairy. (17) | T. kusukusensis |
| 11 (9) | Fronds homomorphic, 3-pinnate at base; stipes stramineous or brown to castaneous, scales deep brown, concolorous. (5) | T. devexa |
| 11 (9) + | Fronds dimorphic, 2-pinnate at base; stipes stramineous, scales dark brown with a paler margin | (12) |
| 12 (11) | Sori only at tip of lobes. (1) | T. acrocarpa |
| 12 (11) + | Sori throughout. (10) | T. fuscipes |
| 13 (3) | Sori large, terminal on (included) veinlets, in 2 rows between lateral veins; indusia large, persistent | (14) |
| 13 (3) + | Sori small, on anastomosing veinlets, in irregular rows between lateral veins; indusium small, caducous | (24) |
| 14 (13) | Veins forming a single row of narrow areoles along pinna rachises; included veinlets simple (not forked) when present | (15) |
| 14 (13) + | Veins inconspicuous; included veinlets forked | (18) |
| 15 (14) | Fronds dimorphic; length of stipes up to ca. 2 ?length of lamina. (15) | T. impressa |
| 15 (14) + | Fronds homomorphic; length of stipes equal to or shorter than length of lamina | (16) |
| 16 (15) | Stipes scaly throughout. (11) | T. griffithii |
| 16 (15) + | Stipes scaly only at base | (17) |
| 17 (16) | Rhizome and stipe base with blunt spines; pinnae distant. (24) | T. remotipinna |
| 17 (16) + | Rhizome and stipe base without spines; pinnae closer. (3) | T. coadunata |
| 18 (14) | Bases of lamina decurrent; stipes broadly winged nearly to base | (19) |
| 18 (14) + | Bases of lamina not decurrent; stipes not winged | (20) |
| 19 (18) | Lamina deeply pinnately lobed, oblong-ovate. (4) | T. decurrens |
| 19 (18) + | Lamina simple, not lobed, lanceolate. (18) | T. leptophylla |
| 20 (18) | Stipes and rachises black, glossy. (8) | T. ebenina |
| 20 (18) + | Stipes and rachises brown or stramineous, slightly glossy or dull | (21) |
| 21 (20) | Stipes stramineous; fronds small, deltoid-ovate, palmately 3-5-parted. (29) | T. subpedata |
| 21 (20) + | Stipes brown to dark brown; fronds large, ovate-lanceolate, pinnately 1-3-parted | (22) |
| 22 (21) | Stipes densely scaly throughout. (7) | T. dubia |
| 22 (21) + | Stipes subglabrous throughout except at base | (23) |
| 23 (22) | Pinnae 5 pairs or more; base of basal pinnae asymmetrical; middle pinnae lanceolate, ca. 3 cm wide, pinnate-lacerate. (21) | T. phaeocaulis |
| 23 (22) + | Pinnae 4-6 pairs; base of basal pinnae symmetrical; middle pinnae triangular, ca. 8 cm wide, pinnatipartite. (34) | T. yunnanensis |
| 24 (13) | Stipes winged at least at apex | (25) |
| 24 (13) + | Stipes not winged | (26) |
| 25 (24) | Stipes winged almost throughout, almost to base; lateral pinnae without gemmae. (33) | T. vasta |
| 25 (24) + | Stipes winged at apex at most up to middle; lateral pinnae gemmate or not. (9) | T. fauriei |
| 26 (24) | Lamina pinnatifid at apex, different from basiscopic pairs | (27) |
| 26 (24) + | Terminal pinna lanceolate or elliptic, separate, simple or trifurcate, similar to basiscopic pairs | (29) |
| 27 (26) | Stipes and rachises castaneous to dark brown, slightly glossy. (25) | T. rockii |
| 27 (26) + | Stipes and rachises stramineous, dull | (28) |
| 28 (27) | Rhizome long creeping; sori well distributed over pinnae. (31) | T. subtriphylla |
| 28 (27) + | Rhizome short, ascending or erect; sori only near margins. (12) | T. grossedentata |
| 29 (26) | Rhizome long creeping; pinnae never forked | (30) |
| 29 (26) + | Rhizome short, ascending or erect; pinnae usually forked | (31) |
| 30 (29) | Rhizome scales dark brown; stipes hairy; terminal pinna bases cuneate; lateral pinna bases asymmetrical. (14) | T. herpetocaulos |
| 30 (29) + | Rhizome scales light brown; stipes glabrous; terminal pinna bases decurrent; lateral pinna bases symmetrical. (32) | T. variabilis |
| 31 (29) | Lamina once pinnate (basal pinnae forked) | (32) |
| 31 (29) + | Lamina twice pinnate | (33) |
| 32 (31) | Base of terminal pinna rounded or cordate. (22) | T. polymorpha |
| 32 (31) + | Base of terminal pinna decurrent. (23) | T. quinquefida |
| 33 (31) | Stipes and rachis stramineous to light brown, dull. (19) | T. luchunensis |
| 33 (31) + | Stipes and rachises brown or deep castaneous to black, glossy | (34) |
| 34 (33) | Stipes and rachis deep castaneous to black; sori exindusiate. (28) | T. simonsii |
| 34 (33) + | Stipes and rachis dark brown to deep castaneous, never black; sori indusiate. (20) | T. media |
中型至大型土生植物。根状茎短而横走至直立，顶端被褐色、薄膜质的披针形鳞片。叶簇生；柄禾秆色、棕色或栗褐色至乌木色，基部或有时全部被鳞片；叶片通常为三角形，一回至二回羽状分裂，很少为单叶，但从不为细裂，羽片或裂片通常全缘，从不具芒齿。叶脉连接为多数方形或近六角形网眼，有或无单一或分叉的内藏小脉，侧脉明显或不明显。叶草质或近膜质，叶面光滑或在叶上面疏被有关节的毛；叶轴及羽轴上面被有关节的短毛或光滑。孢子囊群通常圆形，位于网眼联结处或内藏小脉的顶部或中部，在两侧脉之间有2列或多列，或于裂片主脉两侧各有1行；囊群盖盾形或圆肾形，宿存或脱落，很少无盖；孢子囊的环带约由14个增厚细胞组成。孢子椭圆形，周壁具刺状纹饰或褶皱形成网。染色体基数 x=10。约150种，产于全世界热带及亚热带地区，东南亚是本属的分布中心。我国有26种，2变种，分布范围东达于台湾，南至海南，西到云南南部，北至南岭山脉，有2种北达四川南部，是本属植物在亚洲大陆分布区的北界。云南有22种，2变种。
5. 叉蕨属 Tectaria Cav.
Cav. in Ann. de Hist. Nat. 1: 115. 1799; C. Chr. Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 176. 1934; S. H. Wu et Ching, Fern Fam. and Gen. of China, 449. 1991.
中型或大型土生植物。根状茎粗壮，短横走至直立，顶部被鳞片；鳞片披针形，全缘或有睫毛，薄膜质，褐棕色。叶簇生；叶柄禾秆色、棕色、栗褐色至乌木色，基部或有时全部被鳞片；叶片通常为三角形，一回羽状至三回羽裂，很少为单叶，从不为细裂；羽片或裂片通常全缘，从不具齿。叶脉联结为多数网眼，有单一或分叉的内藏小脉或无内藏小脉，侧脉明显或不明显。叶草质或近膜质，叶面通常光滑或在上面疏被有关节的毛；叶轴及羽轴上面被有关节的短毛或光滑。孢子囊群通常圆形，生于网眼联结处或内藏小脉的顶部或中部，在侧脉之间有2列或多列，或于裂片主脉两侧各有1列；囊群盖盾形或圆肾形，宿存或脱落，或很少无囊群盖；孢子囊的环带有14个增厚细胞。孢子椭圆形，表面有疣状或小刺状突起。染色体x＝10,(40)。
模式: Tectaria trifoliata (L.) Cav. (Polypodium trifoliatum L.) ，产美洲热带地区。
约240种，产于热带及亚热带地区。我国有27种，分布范围东达于台湾，南至海南，西到云南南部，北至南岭山脉，有2种北达四川南部。通常生长于阴湿的林下。本属的分布中心是东南亚，我国是本属植物在亚洲大陆分布区的北界。
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