学名(拉丁名) | Taxus cuspidata |
中文名 | 东北红豆杉 |
命名人 | S. et Z. |
中文科名 | 红豆杉科 |
拉丁属名 | Taxus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Taxaceae |
中文属名 | 红豆杉属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Taxus cuspidata |
命名人 | Siebold & Zucc. (accepted name) |
拉丁属名 | Taxus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Taxaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Taxus cuspidata |
命名人 | Siebold & Zucc. |
发表年份 | 1846(年) |
拉丁属名 | Taxus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Taxaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Taxus cuspidata |
中文名 | 东北红豆杉 |
拉丁属名 | Taxus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Taxaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Taxus cuspidata |
中文名 | 东北红豆杉 |
中文科名 | 红豆杉科 |
拉丁属名 | Taxus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Taxaceae |
中文属名 | 红豆杉属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Taxus cuspidata |
发表年份 | 1846(年) |
拉丁属名 | Taxus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Taxaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Taxus cuspidata |
拉丁属名 | Taxus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Taxaceae |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
---|---|---|---|
Cephalotaxus umbraculifera | Synonym | The Plant List | Siebold ex Endl. |
Taxus baccata subsp. cuspidata | Synonym | The Plant List | (Siebold & Zucc.) Pilg. |
Taxus baccata var. cuspidata | Synonym | The Plant List | (Siebold & Zucc.) Carrière |
Taxus baccata var. latifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | Pilg. |
Taxus biternata | Synonym | The Plant List | Spjut |
Taxus caespitosa var. angustifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | Spjut |
Taxus caespitosa var. latifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | (Pilg.) Spjut |
Taxus cuspidata f. aurescens | Synonym | The Plant List | Rehder |
Taxus cuspidata subsp. biternata | Synonym | The Plant List | (Spjut) Silba |
Taxus cuspidata var. caespitosa | Synonym | The Plant List | (Nakai) Q.L.Wang |
Taxus cuspidata f. densa | Synonym | The Plant List | Rehder ex E.H.Wilson |
Taxus cuspidata var. latifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | (Pilg.) Nakai |
Taxus cuspidata var. luteobaccata | Synonym | The Plant List | Miyabe & Tatew. |
Taxus cuspidata f. luteobaccata | Synonym | The Plant List | (Miyabe & Tatew.) Rehder |
Taxus cuspidata var. microcarpa | Synonym | The Plant List | (Trautv.) Kolesn. |
Taxus cuspidata f. minima | Synonym | The Plant List | Slavin |
Taxus cuspidata var. minima | Synonym | The Plant List | (Slavin) Hornibr. |
Taxus cuspidata var. umbraculifera | Synonym | The Plant List | (Siebold ex Endl.) Makino |
Taxus baccata var. microcarpa | Synonym | The Plant List | Trautv. |
Taxus umbraculifera var. microcarpa | Synonym | The Plant List | (Trautv.) Spjut |
Taxus caespitosa | Synonym | The Plant List | Nakai |
Taxus cuspidata var. densa | Synonym | The Plant List | (Rehder ex E.H.Wilson) Rehder |
Taxus cuspidata f. fructu-luteo | Synonym | The Plant List | Froebel ex Beissn. |
Taxus cuspidata f. thayerae | Synonym | The Plant List | (E.H.Wilson) Rehder |
Taxus umbraculifera | Synonym | The Plant List | (Siebold ex Endl.) C.Lawson |
Taxus cuspidata var. nana | Accepted | The Plant List | Rehder |
Taxus baccata Linnaeus subsp. cuspidata (Siebold & Zuccarini) Pilger; T. baccata subsp. cuspidata var. latifolia Pilger; T. baccata var. microcarpa Trautvetter; T. caespitosa Nakai; T. cuspidata var. latifolia (Pilger) Nakai; T. cuspidata var. microcarpa (Trautvetter) Kolesnikov.
Trees to 20 m tall; trunk to 1-1.5 m d.b.h.; bark reddish brown, with shallow fissures; winter bud scales persistent at base of branchlets, overlapping, ridged dorsally, tapered apically. Leafy branchlets "V"-shaped in cross section in living state. Leaves borne at 75-95° to branchlet axis, subsessile; blade dark green and glossy adaxially, linear, almost equally wide throughout length, slightly falcate, 1-2.5(-4) cm × 2.5-3 mm, midvein not papillate abaxially, stomatal bands tawny yellow, 0.6-0.7 mm wide, at least 2 × as wide as marginal bands, marginal bands ca. 0.2 mm wide, base cuneate, ± asymmetric, margin revolute, apex usually shortly mucronate, mucro 0.1-0.3 mm. Pollen cones ovoid or subglobose, ca. 3.5 mm; peduncle 0.5-1 mm; microsporophylls 9-14, each with 5-8 pollen sacs. Aril purplish red when ripe, lustrous. Seed ovoid or trigonous-ovoid, ca. 6 × 4-4.5 mm, distally with 3 or 4 or more obtuse ridges, apex with small, obtuse mucro; hilum usually triangular or quadrangular. Pollination spring, seed maturity autumn.
Acid soils in cold, humid places; 500-1000 m. Heilongjiang, E Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi [Japan, Korea, E Russia (Kurile Islands, Primorye, Sakhalin)].
Only var. cuspidata, described here, occurs in China; var. nana Rehder occurs in Japan.
The wood used in building construction, furniture manufacture, and as a carving material. The heartwood yields a red dye, oil is extracted from the seeds, and a compound used to treat diabetes is extracted from the wood, bark, leaves, and roots.
4. 东北红豆杉(新拟)紫杉(中国树木分类学),赤柏松、米树(东北),宽叶紫杉(东北木本植物图志)图版101:6-7
Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. in Abh. Math. Phys. Akad. Wiss. Manch. 4 (3): 232. t. 3. 1846; Shiras. Icon. Ess. For. Jap. 1: 33, t. 15. f. 1-18. 1900; Kent, Veitch's Man. Conif. ed. 2. 143. 1900; Kom. in Acta Hort. Peterop. 20: 210. 1901, et Fl. URSS 1: 132. t. 8. f. 10. 1934; Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wilson. 2: 8. 1914; Wils. Conif. Taxads Jap. 11. t. 5. 1916; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 1: 51. 1919, Man. cult. Trees and Shrubs 6. 1927, ed. 2. 3. 1940, et Bibliogr. 3. 1949; Dallimore and Jackson, Handb. Conif. 71. t. 8. 1923, ed. 3. 98. t. 9. 1948, rev. Harrison, Handb. Conif. and Ginkgo ed. 4. 598. t. 118 g-h. 1966; Beissn. u. Fitsch. Handb. Nadelh. ed. 3. 46. 1930; Orr in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 19: 261. t. 256. f. 14. 1937; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学6. 1937,不包括图3; Kitagawa in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Mansh. 3 (1): 45. 1939; 郝景盛, 中国裸子植物志21. 1945,再版18. 1951; Takeda in Iwata and Kusaka, Illustr. Conif. Jap. 86. t. 2-4. f. 28. 1954; 刘慎谔等, 东北木本植物图志75. 图2. 1955; 竹内亮, 中国东北裸子植物研究资料16. 1958; 郑万钧等, 中国树木学1: 281.图131 (4-10). 1961; S. Y. Hu in Taiwania 10: 21. 1964, excl. plant. Shensi.; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 110. 1965; 中国科学院植物研究所, 中国高等植物图鉴1: 331.图662. 1972.——Taxus baccata Linn. var. microcarpa Trautv. in. Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 9: 259. 1859. ——Taxus baccata cuspidata Carr. Traite Conif. ed. 2. 733. 1867. ——Taxus baccata Linn. subsp. cuspidata (Sieb. et Zucc.) Pilger in Engler, Pflanzenr. 18 Heft, 4 (5): 112. 1903. ——Taxus baccata Linn. subsp. cuspidata (Sieb. et Zucc. ) Pilger var. latifolia Pilger in Engler, 1. c. ——Taxus cuspidata Sieb, et Zucc. var. latifolia (Pilger) Nakai in Chesen Sarin- Kaiho 158: 19. 1938; Kitagawa, 1. c.;刘慎谔等, 同上76. ——Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. var. microcarpa (Trautv.) S. Y. Hu, 1. c.
乔木,高达20米,胸径达1米;树皮红褐色,有浅裂纹;枝条平展或斜上直立,密生;小枝基部有宿存芽鳞,一年生枝绿色,秋后呈淡红褐色,二、三年生枝呈红褐色或黄褐色;冬芽淡黄褐色,芽鳞先端渐尖,背面有纵脊。叶排成不规则的二列,斜上伸展,约成45度角,条形,通常直,稀微弯,长1-2.5厘米,宽2.5-3毫米,稀长达4厘米,基部窄,有短柄,先端通常凸尖,上面深绿色, 有光泽,下面有两条灰绿色气孔带,气孔带较绿色边带宽二倍,干后呈淡黄褐色,中脉带上无角质乳头状突起点。雄球花有雄蕊9-14枚,各具5-8个花药。种子紫红色,有光泽,卵圆形,长约6毫米,上部具3-4钝脊,顶端有小钝尖头, 种脐通常三角形或四方形,稀矩圆形。花期5-6月,种子9-10月成熟。
产于吉林老爷岭、张广才岭及长白山区海拔500-1000米,气候冷湿,酸性土地带,常散生于林中。山东、江苏、江西等省有栽培。日本、朝鲜、苏联也有分布。模式标本采自日本。
边材窄,黄白色,心材淡褐红色,坚硬、致密,具弹性,有光泽及香气,少反挠,少干裂、比重0.51。可供建筑、家具、器具、文具、雕刻、箱板等用材;心材可提取红色染料。种子可榨油;木材、枝叶、树根、树皮能提取紫杉素,可治糖尿病;叶有毒,种子的假种皮味甜可食。可作东北及华北地区的庭园树及造林树种。
Taxus cuspidata | |||
Family Name: | Taxaceae | Genera name: | Taxus |
Species name: | cuspidata | Genera status: | |
NLR: | Comments: | ||
Sample Name: | Osaka Group Plio. | Formation: | |
Age: | Epoch (to): | Pliocene~ | |
Stage: | ~ | Contributer: | |
Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
locality name: | Harima | Province/State: | Kyoto |
Continents: | Asia | county: | Osaka |
country: | Japan | longitude-decimal degrees: | 135.5 |
latitude-decimal degrees: | 34.73 | elevation [m]: | 20 |
Notes: |
Osaka-Momohara, 1992 | |||
title: | Late Pliocene Plant Biostratigraphy of the Lowermost Part of the Osaka Group, Southwest Japan, with Reference to Extinction of Plants | ||
Year: | 1992 | Type: | journal |
Volume: | 31 | Issue: | 2 |
Pages: | 77-89 | Publisher: | |
Location of publisher: | General: | ||
Authors: | Arata Momohara |
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
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Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
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Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
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Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
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Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
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新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
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第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
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全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
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上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |