| 学名(拉丁名) | Sinapis alba |
| 中文名 | 白芥 |
| 命名人 | L. |
| 中文科名 | 十字花科 |
| 拉丁属名 | Sinapis |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Cruciferae |
| 中文属名 | 白芥属 |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Sinapis alba |
| 命名人 | L. (accepted name) |
| 拉丁属名 | Sinapis |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Brassicaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Sinapis alba |
| 命名人 | L. |
| 发表年份 | 1753(年) |
| 拉丁属名 | Sinapis |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Brassicaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Sinapis alba |
| 中文名 | 白芥 |
| 拉丁属名 | Sinapis |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Brassicaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Sinapis alba |
| 中文名 | 白芥 |
| 中文科名 | 十字花科 |
| 拉丁属名 | Sinapis |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Brassicaceae |
| 中文属名 | 白芥属 |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Sinapis alba |
| 发表年份 | 1753(年) |
| 拉丁属名 | Sinapis |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Brassicaceae |
| 学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brassica alba | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Rabenh. |
| Brassica hirta | Synonym | The Plant List | Moench |
| Crucifera lampsana | Synonym | The Plant List | E.H.L.Krause |
| Napus leucosinapsis | Synonym | The Plant List | K.F.Schimp. & Spenn. |
| Raphanus albus | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Crantz |
| Rhamphospermum album | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Andrz. ex Rchb. |
| Sinapis alba var. alba | Synonym | The Plant List | |
| Sinapis alba subsp. alba | Synonym | The Plant List | |
| Sinapis alba var. melanosperma | Synonym | The Plant List | Alef. |
| Sinapis alba subsp. dissecta | Accepted | The Plant List | (Lag.) Simonk. |
| Sinapis alba subsp. mairei | Accepted | The Plant List | (H.Lindb.) Maire |
| Bonannia officinalis | Synonym | The Plant List | C.Presl |
| Brassica foliosa | Synonym | The Plant List | (Willd.) Samp. |
| Eruca alba | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Noulet |
| Leucosinapis alba | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Spach |
| Sinapis foliosa | Synonym | The Plant List | Willd. |
Brassica alba (Linnaeus) Rabenhorst; B. hirta Moench.
Herbs (15-)25-100(-220) cm, retrorsely hispid, rarely glabrescent. Stems erect, often branched above. Petiole of basal and lower cauline leaves 1-3(-6) cm; leaf blade oblong, ovate, or lanceolate in outline, lyrate, pinnatifid, pinnatisect, (3.5-)5-14(-16) × 2-6(-8) cm; terminal lobe broadly ovate, (1-)3-6 cm, usually 3-lobed, margin dentate; lateral lobes 1-3 on each side of midvein, oblong, ovate, or lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 cm, margin dentate, repand, or rarely pinnatifid. Upper cauline leaves shortly petiolate; leaf blade ovate or oblong-ovate, 2-4.5 cm, margin coarsely dentate, rarely subentire. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, stout, (3-)6-12(-17) mm. Sepals yellow or green, narrowly oblong, (3.8-)4-7(-8) × 1-1.8 mm, spreading or reflexed. Petals pale yellow, obovate, (0.7-)0.8-1.2(-1.4) cm × (3-)4-6(-7) mm. Filaments (3-)4-7(-8) mm; anthers oblong, 1.2-1.5 mm. Fruit lanceolate, (1.5-)2-4.2(-5) cm × (2-)3-5.5(-6.5) mm; valvular segment (0.5-)0.7-1.7(-2) cm, 2-5-seeded in each locule, 3-5(-7)-veined, torulose, terete or slightly compressed, hispid with subsetose trichomes mixed with much shorter and more slender ones; terminal segment ensiform, strongly compressed, (1-)1.5-2.5(-3) cm, straight or curved upward, seedless or 1(or 2)-seeded. Seeds gray, pale brown, or reddish brown, globose, (1.7-)2-3(-3.5) mm in diam., finely reticulate. Fl. and fr. May-Sep. 2n = 24*.
Roadsides, fields, pastures, disturbed sites. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang [India, Kashmir, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Vietnam; N Africa, SW Asia, Europe; naturalized elsewhere].
The seeds are used for the manufacture of table mustard and also for the extraction of oils, which are used for cooking and making soap and mayonnaise. The species is a cosmopolitan, naturalized weed.
1. 白芥（开宝本草） 图版1：3-5
Sinapis alba L. Sp. Pl. 668. 1753; Boiss. Fl. Orient. 1: 395. 1867; O. E. Schulz in Engl. , Pflanzenr. 70 (4. 105): 135. 1919; N. Busch in Kom. , Fl. URSS 8: 468. 1939; Chater, Fl. Europ. 1: 339. 1964; Hedge in Davis, Fl. Turk. 1: 226. 1964; Hedge in Rechinger, Fl. Iran. 57: 38. 1968; Jafri, Fl. West Pakist. 55: 29. t. l. f. 6. 1973; 东北草本植物 14: 51. 1980. ——Brassica hirta Moench, Meth. Suppl. 84. 1802. ——B. alba (L.) Rabenh. Fl. Lusatica 1: 154. 1839; Boiss. Voy. Bot. Midi de l, Esp. 2: 39. 1839; Hook. f. et T. Anders in Hook. f. , Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 157. 1872; L. H. Bailey in Gent. Herb. 1: 106. 1922 et 2: 267. 1930; 中药志2: 180, 图114. 1959.
一年生草本，高达75（-100）厘米；茎直立，有分枝，具稍外折硬单毛。下部叶大头羽裂，长5-15厘米，宽2-6厘米，有2-3对裂片，顶裂片宽卵形，长3.5-6厘米，宽3.5-4.5厘米，常3裂，侧裂片长1.5-2.5厘米，宽5-15毫米，二者顶端皆圆钝或急尖，基部和叶轴会合，边缘有不规则粗锯齿，两面粗糙，有柔毛或近无毛；叶柄长1-1.5厘米；上部叶卵形或长圆卵形，长2-4.5厘米，边缘有缺刻状裂齿；叶柄长3-10毫米。总状花序有多数花，果期长达30厘米，无苞片；花淡黄色，直径约1厘米；花梗开展或稍外折，长5-14毫米；萼片长圆形或长圆状卵形，长4-5毫米，无毛或稍有毛，具白色膜质边缘；花瓣倒卵形，长8-10毫米，具短爪。长角果近圆柱形，长2-4厘米，宽3-4毫米，直立或弯曲，具糙硬毛，果瓣有3-7平行脉。喙稍扁压，剑状，长6-15毫米，常弯曲，向顶端渐细，有0-1种子；种子每室1-4个，球形，直径约2毫米，黄棕色，有细窝穴。花果期6-8月。
欧洲原产。我国辽宁、山西、山东、安徽、新疆、四川等省区引种栽培。模式标本采自欧洲。
种子供药用，有祛痰、散寒、消肿止痛作用；全草可作饲料。
标本份数
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