学名(拉丁名) | Rubus pungens |
中文名 | 针刺悬钩子 |
命名人 | Camb. |
中文科名 | 蔷薇科 |
拉丁属名 | Rubus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
中文属名 | 悬钩子属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Rubus pungens |
中文名 | 针刺悬钩子 |
中文科名 | 蔷薇科 |
拉丁属名 | Rubus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
中文属名 | 悬钩子属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Rubus pungens |
中文名 | 针刺悬钩子 |
中文科名 | 蔷薇科 |
类型 | |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Rubus pungens |
命名人 | Cambess. ex Jacq. (accepted name) |
拉丁属名 | Rubus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Rubus pungens |
命名人 | Cambess. |
发表年份 | 1844(年) |
拉丁属名 | Rubus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Rubus pungens |
中文名 | 针刺悬钩子 |
拉丁属名 | Rubus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Rubus pungens |
中文名 | 针刺悬钩子 |
中文科名 | 蔷薇科 |
拉丁属名 | Rubus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
中文属名 | 悬钩子属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Rubus pungens |
发表年份 | 1844(年) |
拉丁属名 | Rubus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Rubus pungens |
拉丁属名 | Rubus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
---|---|---|---|
Rubus oldhamii | Synonym | The Plant List | Miq. |
Rubus oldhamii var. borealis | Synonym | The Plant List | Koidz. |
Rubus oldhamii var. roseus | Synonym | The Plant List | (Nakai) H.Hara |
Rubus pungens var. pungens | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Rubus pungens f. roseus | Synonym | The Plant List | Nakai |
1 | Branchlets and abaxial surface of calyx with dense, needle-like prickles. | (2) |
1 + | Branchlets and abaxial surface of calyx nearly unarmed or ± with needle-like prickles. | (4) |
2 (1) | Flower bearing branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx usually without stalked glands. (54) | a var. pungens |
2 (1) + | Flower bearing branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx often with conspicuous stalked glands. | (3) |
3 (2) | Leaflets 5–7, 1–3 cm. (54) | b var. villosus |
3 (2) + | Leaflets often 3, rarely 5, 2.5–6 cm. (54) | c var. ternatus |
4 (1) | Flower bearing branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx without or partly with sparse, shortly stipitate glands; sepals ovate- triangular or narrowly ovate- lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm. (54) | d var. oldhamii |
4 (1) + | Flower bearing branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx with prominent stipitate glands; sepals linear or linear- lanceolate, to 2 cm. (54) | e var. linearisepalus |
Shrubs to 3 m tall. Branchlets brownish to reddish brown, terete, pubescent, gradually glabrescent, glabrous when young, usually with needle-like prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, (3–)5–7(–9)-foliolate; petiole (2–)3–6 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 0.5–1 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis pubescent or subglabrous, with sparse, minute prickles and with glandular hairs; stipules linear, 4–7 mm, pubescent; blade of leaflets ovate, triangular-ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, (1–)2–5(–6) × 1–3 cm, both surfaces pubescent especially along midvein and veins abaxially, base rounded to subcordate, margin sharply or incised doubly serrate, terminal leaflet often pinnately lobed, apex acute to shortly acuminate, but usually acuminate on terminal leaflet. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 1-flowered, rarely corymbose and 2–4-flowered; rachis and pedicels pubescent, with minute prickles or with sparse, glandular hairs; bracts linear, 4–6 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 2–3.5 cm. Flowers 1–2 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially pubescent, with glandular hairs, with needle-like prickles or nearly unarmed; tube semiglobose; sepals erect, rarely reflexed, linear to lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, 0.8–1.2(–2) cm × 2–4 mm, apex long acuminate. Petals white, oblong, obovate, or suborbicular, 7–9 × 5–6 mm, much shorter than sepals, glabrous, base clawed. Stamens many, unequal in length, longer ones longer than petals, shorter ones nearly as long as or slightly shorter than petals; filaments somewhat broadened and flattened basally. Pistils numerous; ovary soft hairy or subglabrous; styles glabrous or sparsely soft hairy basally. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., pubescent or subglabrous; pyrenes ovoid-globose, 2–3 mm, conspicuously rugose. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 14.
Forests, forest margins, grassy slopes, river sides, semishaded wet places in montane valleys, thickets, roadsides; 600--3900 m. Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jilin, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, NW India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, N Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim; SW Asia].
49.针刺悬钩子 倒扎龙,倒毒散
Ruhus pungens Camb. in Jacq. Vog. Bot. 4: 48. t. 59. 1843; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2:341. 1878: Focke in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 36. (Beibl. 82) 1905 et Bibl. Bot. 72(2)165. 1911; Diels in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7:233. 1912; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 5: 195. 1924; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7:500. 1933: Hara in Journ. Jap. Bot. 47(5): 140. 1972: 中国高等植物图鉴2:276.图2282.1972; Hara et Ohashi in Fl. E. Himal. 3: 52.1975.
49a.针刺悬钩子(原变种)
R. pungens Camb. var. pungens
匍匐灌木,高达3米;枝圆柱形,幼时被柔毛,老时脱落,常具较稠密的直立针刺。小叶常5-7枚,稀3或9枚,卵形、三角卵形或卵状披针形,长2-5厘米,宽1-3厘米,顶端急尖至短渐尖,顶生小叶常渐尖,基部圆形至近心形,上面疏生柔毛,下面有柔毛或仅在脉上有柔毛,边缘具尖锐重锯齿或缺刻状重锯齿,顶生小叶常羽状分裂;叶柄长(2)3-6厘米,顶生小叶柄长0.5-1厘米,侧生小叶近无柄,与叶轴均有柔毛或近无毛,并有稀疏小刺和腺毛;托叶小,线形,有柔毛。花单生或2-4朵成伞房状花序,顶生或腋生;花梗长2-3厘米,有柔毛和小针刺,或有疏腺毛;花直径1-2厘米;花萼外面具柔毛和腺毛,密被直立针刺;萼筒半球形;萼片披针形或三角披针形,长达1.5厘米,顶端长渐尖,在花果时均直立,稀反折;花瓣长圆形、倒卵形或近圆形,白色,基部具爪,比萼片短;雄蕊多数,直立,长短不等,花丝近基部稍宽扁;雌蕊多数,花柱无毛或基部具疏柔毛,子房有柔毛或近无毛。果实近球形,红色,直径1-1.5厘米,具柔毛或近无毛;核卵球形,长2-3毫米,有明显皱纹。花期4-5月,果期7-8月。
产陕西、甘肃、四川、云南、西藏。生山坡林下、林缘或河边,海拔2200-3300米。克什米尔地区、印度西北部、尼泊尔、锡金、不丹、缅甸北部和日本、朝鲜也有分布。
根供药用,有清热解毒、活血止痛之效。
Hook. f.发表 R. horridulus Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2:341. 1878.据原始记载产于不丹。Hara 在 Journ. Jap. Bot. 47(5): 140. 1972将此种归并作为R. pungens Camb.的变种,其分布自喜马拉雅山脉至缅甸北部、中国中部及北部并东到日本和朝鲜。据形态特征,此种和针刺悬钩子很相近,惟花紫红色,作为针刺悬钩子的变种是合理的。目前尚未见到标本,故暂志于此。针刺悬钩子分布区广,自克什米尔地区经中国到日本。变异性强,无论是茎和花萼上针刺的数量,花瓣比萼片之长短,腺毛之有无以及小叶的数目和大小等诸征状,均不稳定。Hara 在 Journ. Jap. Bot. 47(5): 141. 1972中, 也已作了说明,并指出这类群植物在中国变异更大。根据对我国这群植物形态和地理的研究,初步观察到变异的规律性。从西藏东南部和云南西北部地区的标本观察,茎和花萼上具较密针刺,花枝、叶柄和花萼上均有明显腺毛,但至四川、甘肃及陕西某些地区发生分化,兼有多刺和少刺、腺毛较多和较少的类型,由此往东向东北部延伸,茎和花萼上针刺逐渐减少,腺毛也逐渐稀少。花瓣长短也不很稳定,如南川金佛山的同类植物,其花萼上针刺稍多,但花瓣与萼片几等长(如熊济华90854号)或花瓣长于萼片(如熊济华90507号)。虽有上述种种变异,但其界限不易划分,仅可作为划分变种的依据。现将变种的区别特征作检索表如下。
49b.柔毛针刺悬钩子(变种)
R. pungens Camb. var. villosus Card. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 3: 307. 1914
枝和花萼外密被针刺;花枝、叶柄和花梗上均有稀疏柔毛和明显腺毛;小叶5-7枚,较小,长1-3厘米,顶端钝或急尖,两面有稀疏柔毛。
产陕西、湖北、四川。生草坡,海拔达2600米。
49c.三叶针刺悬钩子(变种)
R. pungens Camb. var. ternatus Card. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 3:407. 1914.
枝和花萼外具较密针刺;花枝、叶柄、花梗和花萼外均有较密柔毛和明显腺毛;小叶常3枚,有时5枚,较大,长2.5-6厘米,顶生小叶宽卵形,长宽几相等,基部近心形,边缘常具裂片,两面有较密柔毛。
产四川、云南。生杂木林内或林边路旁,海拔达3400米。
49d.香莓(变种)(中国高等植物图鉴)九里香,落地角公,九头饭消扭
R. pungens Camb. var. oldhamii (Miq.) Maxim. in Mel. Biol. 8:386. 1871. ——R. oldhamu Miq. Prolus. Fl. Jap. 34. 1867; Ohwi in Fl. Japan 534. 1965. ——R. pungcns Camb. var. indefensus Focke in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 36(Beibl. 82): 53. 1905 et Bibl. Bot. 72 (2) 165. 1911; Migo in Journ. Shangh. Sci. Inst. Sect. 3(4): 169. 1939;秦岭植物志1 (2): 533, 图446. 1974. ——R. rosaefolius Smith var. hirsutus Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 25(19): 81. 1908 (Fl. Mont. Formos.) ——R. hirsutus Hayata in Icin. Pl. Formos. 1: 227. 1911, non. Thunb 1813. ——R. parvipungens Hayata in Icon. Pl. Formos. 5:56. 1915 et 7:26. 5. 196. 1918. ——R. hirsutopungens Hayata in l. C. 5:58. 1915.——R. hayatai Nemoto ex Makino et Nemoto in Fl. Jap. ed. 2.514. 1931.
枝上针刺较稀少,花萼上具疏密不等的针刺或近无刺;花枝、叶柄、花梗和花萼上无腺毛或仅于局部如花萼或花梗上有稀疏短腺毛。
产河南、山西、陕西、甘肃、江西、湖北、浙江、福建、台湾、四川、贵州、云南。生山谷半阴处潮湿地或山地疏密林中,海拔600-3400米。日本、朝鲜也有分布。
49e.线萼针刺悬钩子(变种)
R. pungens Camb. var. linearisepalus Yu et Lu,植物分类学报20(3): 302.1982.
枝上近无刺或有稀疏细针刺,花萼上密被针刺;花枝、叶柄、花梗和花萼上均具明显腺毛和柔毛;小叶通常5-7枚,稀较多,长2.5-5厘米,顶生小叶常卵状披针形,长大于宽,基部圆形或近截形,两面被较密柔毛;花梗长2-3厘米;萼片宽线形或线状披针形,长达2厘米。
产云南(维西立地坪)。生于杂木林内或村边路旁,海拔达3400米。
1 | 接受名: | 种拉丁名: | Rubus pungens Camb. | ||||
命名人: | Cambess. | 名称状态: | Accepted | ||||
n: 7 | 2n: 14 | 基数x: 7 | 倍性: 2x | 海拔: | 生活型: W | 分布型: C | |
采集地: | 四川天全 Tianquan, Sichuan | 参考文献: | 王小蓉等, 2008 |
Rubus pungens | |||
Family Name: | Rosaceae | Genera name: | Rubus |
Species name: | pungens | Genera status: | |
NLR: | Comments: | ||
|
Sample Name: | Stare Gliwice-Mesofossils | Formation: | |
Age: | Epoch (to): | Miocene~ | |
Stage: | Serravallian~Langhian | Contributer: | |
Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
locality name: | Stare Gliwice | Province/State: | Silesia |
Continents: | county: | ||
country: | Poland | longitude-decimal degrees: | 18.666667 |
latitude-decimal degrees: | 50.266667 | elevation [m]: | |
Notes: | Starych Gliwic |
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
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Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
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Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
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Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
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Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
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新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
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第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
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全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
Rubus pungens | |||
Family Name: | Rosaceae | Genera name: | Rubus |
Species name: | pungens | Genera status: | |
NLR: | Comments: | ||
|
Sample Name: | Reuver | Formation: | |
Age: | Epoch (to): | Pliocene~ | |
Stage: | Reuverian~ | Contributer: | |
Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
locality name: | Reuver | Province/State: | Limburg |
Continents: | Europe | county: | |
country: | Netherland | longitude-decimal degrees: | 6.1 |
latitude-decimal degrees: | 51.35 | elevation [m]: | 35 |
Notes: |
Netherland-Reid and Reid, 1915 | |||
title: | THE PLIOCENE FLORAS OF THE DUTCH PRUSSIAN BORDER | ||
Year: | 1915 | Type: | |
Volume: | Issue: | ||
Pages: | Publisher: | ||
Location of publisher: | General: | ||
Authors: | CLEMENT REID, ELEANOR M. REID |
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
||||||||||||||||||
0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |