学名(拉丁名) | Pycreus |
中文名 | 扁莎属 |
命名人 | P. Beauv. |
中文科名 | 莎草科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Cyperaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Pycreus |
中文名 | 扁莎属 |
中文科名 | 莎草科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Cyperaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Pycreus |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Cyperaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Pycreus |
中文名 | 扁莎属 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Cyperaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Pycreus |
中文名 | 扁莎草属 |
中文科名 | 莎草科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Cyperaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Pycreus |
发表年份 | 1816(年) |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Cyperaceae |
1 | 小坚果表面细胞呈正六角形,因而表面呈现网纹或具微突细点。 (2) | 扁莎亚属 Subgen. Pycreus |
1 | 小坚果表面细胞呈狭长圆形,细胞边缘常隆起,因而呈现明显的横纹或粗糙的皱纹。 (2.横纹果扁莎亚属 Subgen. Zonatae C. B. Clarke)小穗长圆状卵形或长圆状披针形,宽在3毫米以上。 (10) | 宽穗扁莎组 Sect. Latespicati |
2 | 鳞片两侧具宽槽[5.槽鳞扁莎组Sect. Sulcati (Kukenth.) L. K. Dai]。鳞片背面中间部分黄绿色,两侧常为麦稈黄色,边缘暗血红色或暗褐红色。小坚果肿胀的双凸状。雄蕊3。 | 红鳞扁莎 Pycreus sanguinolentus |
2 | 鳞片两侧无宽槽。 (3) | |
3 | 鳞片顶端截形或微缺,具外弯的短尖。小穗长圆形或线状长圆形,宽1.5-2毫米;鳞片小,长约1.2毫米,两侧无脉。矮扁莎 P. pumilus (Linn.) Domin | 矮扁莎组 Sect. Pumili |
3 | 鳞片顶端钝或急尖,既无缺刻亦无外弯的短尖。 (4) | |
4 | 小穗长圆状卵形、椭圆形、线状长圆形或披针形;鳞片密复瓦状排列,一般较大,长约3毫米或更长些,两侧无脉;雄蕊3。 (5) | 大鳞扁莎组 Sect. Lancei |
4 | 小穗线形、线状长圆形、线状披针形或披针形;鳞片较稀排列,小,长很少超过2毫米;雄蕊通常2-1个,罕3个。 (7) | |
5 | 小穗较狭,宽约2.5毫米,很少达3毫米;鳞片黑褐色。 | 黑鳞扁莎 Pycreus delavayi |
5 | 小穗宽3-5毫米;鳞片麦稈黄色或黄褐色。 (6) | |
6 | 小穗披针形,长8-18毫米,宽3-4.5毫米,具10-22朵花;鳞片黄褐色。 | 禾状扁莎 Pycreus unioloides |
6 | 小穗椭圆形或长圆状卵形,长6-10毫米,宽3.5-5毫米,具6-12朵花;鳞片麦稈黄色。 | 浙江扁莎 Pycreus chekiangensis |
7 | 鳞片棕色、栗色或黑紫色;雄蕊2,花药短,长圆形。 (8) | 球穗扁莎组 Sect. Globosi |
7 | 鳞片黄色、锈色,很少为暗褐色;雄蕊1-3个,花药线形,极少为长圆形。 (9) | 扁莎组 Sect. Pycreus |
8 | 简单长侧枝聚繖花序松散,辐射枝通常长,极少近于无;小穗线状长圆形或线形;鳞片长圆状卵形,棕色、深棕色或栗色,背面龙骨状突起明显。 | 球穗扁莎 Pycreus globosus |
8 | 长侧枝聚繖花序聚缩成头状,通常无辐射枝,极少具短的辐射枝;小穗披针形或线状披针形;鳞片近于椭圆形,黑紫红色,背面龙骨状突起不明显。 | 丽江扁莎 Pycreus lijiangensis |
9 | 小坚果两面具下凹的槽。小穗近于平展;雄蕊1。 | 槽果扁莎 Pycreus sulcinux |
9 | 小坚果扁双凸状,两面无下凹的槽。小穗近于直立;雄蕊2。 | 多枝扁莎 Pycreus polystachyus |
10 | 稈较高而细。小穗披针形或长圆状披针形,长8-18毫米,具16-30朵花;鳞片褐色或栗色,具光泽;花药长圆形。 | 宽穗扁莎 Pycreus latespicatus |
10 | 稈矮,高3-15厘米。小穗长圆状卵形,长6-10毫米,具8-14朵花;鳞片麦稈黄色或黄褐色,无光泽;花药短,线形。 | 拟宽穗扁莎 Pycreus pseudolatespicatus |
1 | Cells on nutlet surface transversely oblong with an elevated margin resulting in nutlet surface transversely undulately striate or scabrously rugose | (2) |
1 + | Cells on nutlet surface hexagonally reticulately striate or puncticulate | (4) |
2 (1) | Culms 10-35 cm tall; spikelets narrowly oblong-ovoid to narrowly linear-ovoid, 0.8-2 cm × 3-3.5 mm, 16-30-flowered; glumes brown to dark brown. (9) | P. diaphanus |
2 (1) + | Culms 3-15 cm tall; spikelets ovoid, oblong-ovoid, or narrowly ovoid, 5-15 cm × 2.5-4 mm, 8-16-flowered; glumes straw-colored, yellowish brown, or purplish red | (3) |
3 (2) | Culms slender; leaves 0.3-1.5 mm wide; anthela rays very short; spikelets 1 to several per ray, nearly fascicled; glumes purplish red to reddish brown on both surfaces. (10) | P. setiformis |
3 (2) + | Culms slightly thick; leaves 1-3 mm wide; anthela rays mostly to 2.5 cm; spikelets 3-8 per ray, congested; glumes straw-colored to yellowish brown. (11) | P. pseudolatespicatus |
4 (1) | Glumes broadly sulcate on both surfaces. (8) | P. sanguinolentus |
4 (1) + | Glumes not broadly sulcate on both surfaces | (5) |
5 (4) | Glume apices truncate to emarginate and excurved mucronate to awned. (7) | P. pumilus |
5 (4) + | Glume apices obtuse or acute and not excurved mucronate | (6) |
6 (5) | Spikelets narrowly linear-ovate, narrowly ovoid, narrowly oblong-ovoid, or oblong-ovoid; glumes densely imbricate, ca. 3 mm or more; stamens 3 | (7) |
6 (5) + | Spikelets linear, linear-oblong, narrowly linear-ovoid, or narrowly ovoid; glumes slightly laxly imbricate or rarely densely imbricate, 1.5-2 mm; stamens 1 or 2 | (8) |
7 (6) | Spikelets ca. 2.5(-3) mm wide; glumes blackish brown. (1) | P. delavayi |
7 (6) + | Spikelets 3-5 mm wide; glumes straw-colored or yellowish brown. (2) | P. unioloides |
8 (6) | Nutlet oblong, both surfaces concave sulcate; stamen 1. (6) | P. sulcinux |
8 (6) + | Nutlet obovoid-oblong or obovoid, both surfaces not concave sulcate; stamens (1 or)2 | (9) |
9 (8) | Anthelae with very short rays; spikelets narrowly ovoid to narrowly linear-ovoid; glumes subelliptic, abaxially not conspicuously keeled. (5) | P. lijiangensis |
9 (8) + | Anthelae simple, lax, usually with slightly long or rarely very short rays; spikelets linear-oblong or linear; glumes oblong-ovate or subovate, abaxially keeled | (10) |
10 (9) | Spikelets radiately arranged; rachilla 4-angled, with trabeculae in both lateral sulculi; glumes brown to dark brown, laxly imbricate, apex obtuse; anthers oblong. (3) | P. flavidus |
10 (9) + | Spikelets suberect; rachilla flexuose, narrowly winged; glumes straw-colored to rarely pale brown, densely imbricate, apex sometimes mucronate; anthers linear. (4) | P. polystachyos |
一年生或多年生草本,具根状茎或无。秆多丛生,基部生叶。苞片叶状;长侧枝聚伞花序简单或复出,疏展或密集成头状,具长短不等的辐射枝,有时辐射枝极短;小穗排列成穗状或头状;小穗轴基部无关节,宿存;鳞片二列,后期逐渐向顶端脱落,最下面1—2个鳞片内无花,其余鳞片均具1朵两性花;无下位刚毛或鳞片状花被;雄蕊1—3枚,药隔突出或不突出;花柱基部不膨大,脱落,柱头2个。小坚果两侧压扁,棱向小穗轴,双凸状,稍扁或肿胀,表面具网纹、微突起细点、隆起横波纹或皱纹。全属约有70余种,分布于世界各大洲(除南、北极外)。我国有10余种及一些变种、变型,多分布于华南、西南、华东各省,少数种类也分布于东北和西北各省。云南产6种和2变种。
16.扁莎属——Pycreus P. Beauv.
P. Beauv. Fl. Oware II (1807) 48, t. 86——Cyperus Linn. subg. Pycreus C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXI (1884) 33——Picreus Juss. Dict. XL (1826) 194.
一年生或多年生草本,具根状茎或无。稈多丛生,基部具叶。苞片叶状;长侧枝聚繖花序简单或复出,疏展或密集成头状;辐射枝长短不等,有时极短缩;小穗排列成穗状或头状;小穗轴延续,基部亦无关节,宿存;鳞片二列,逐渐向顶端脱落,最下面1-2个鳞片内无花,其余均具1朵两性花;无下位刚毛或鳞片状花被;雄蕊1-3个药隔突出或不突出;花柱基部不膨大,脱落,柱头2。小坚果两侧压扁,稜向小穗轴,双凸状,稍扁或肿胀,表面具网纹、微突起细点、隆起横波纹或皱纹。
全世界约有70余种,我国有10余种及一些变种、变型,多分布于华南、西南以及华东各省,仅有少数种类广布于全国各省;此外也分布于亚洲其他地区、欧洲、非洲、澳洲以及美洲。