学名(拉丁名) | Populus alba |
中文名 | 银白杨 |
中文科名 | 杨柳科 |
拉丁属名 | Populus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Salicaceae |
中文属名 | 杨属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Populus alba |
命名人 | L. (accepted name) |
拉丁属名 | Populus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Salicaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Populus alba |
命名人 | L. |
发表年份 | 1753(年) |
拉丁属名 | Populus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Salicaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Populus alba |
中文名 | 银白杨 |
拉丁属名 | Populus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Salicaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Populus alba |
中文名 | 银白杨 |
中文科名 | 杨柳科 |
拉丁属名 | Populus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Salicaceae |
中文属名 | 杨属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Populus alba |
发表年份 | 1753(年) |
拉丁属名 | Populus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Salicaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Populus alba |
拉丁属名 | Populus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Salicaceae |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
---|---|---|---|
Leuce alba | Unresolved | The Plant List | Opiz |
Leuce canescens | Unresolved | The Plant List | Opiz |
Populus aegyptiaca | Unresolved | The Plant List | W.Baxt. |
Populus alba var. alba | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Populus alba var. bolleana | Synonym | The Plant List | (Lauche) Otto |
Populus alba var. nivea | Synonym | The Plant List | Aiton |
Populus arbeel | Unresolved | The Plant List | Curtis |
Populus arembergiana | Unresolved | The Plant List | Dippel |
Populus arembergica | Unresolved | The Plant List | Lodd. ex Loudon |
Populus excelsa | Unresolved | The Plant List | Salisb. |
Populus intermedia | Unresolved | The Plant List | Mert. ex Loudon |
Populus major | Synonym | The Plant List | Mill. |
Populus nivea | Synonym | The Plant List | Willd. |
Populus pendula | Unresolved | The Plant List | Steud. |
Populus quercifolia | Unresolved | The Plant List | Loudon |
Populus viminalis | Unresolved | The Plant List | Poir. |
Populus alba var. pyramidalis | Accepted | The Plant List | Bunge |
Octima canescens | Unresolved | The Plant List | Raf. |
Populus belgica | Unresolved | The Plant List | Lodd. ex Loudon |
Populus bolleana | Synonym | The Plant List | Lauche |
Populus grisea | Unresolved | The Plant List | Lodd. ex Loudon |
Populus palmata | Unresolved | The Plant List | Loudon |
Populus pseudonivea | Synonym | The Plant List | Grossh. |
1 | Crown narrowly columnar or tower-shaped (1) | c var. pyramidalis |
1 + | Crown broad. | (2) |
2 (1) | Bark green-white; leaves of short branchlets abaxially white tomentose (1) | a var. alba |
2 (1) + | Bark gray or bluish gray; leaves of short branchlets abaxially subglabrous (1) | b var. bachofenii |
Trees to 30 m tall, suckering freely; crown broad. Branchlets at first white tomentose; shoots grayish green or brownish, terete, densely white tomentose. Buds russet, ovoid, 4-5 mm, densely white tomentose, glabrescent, shiny. Leaves of short branchlets with petiole slightly flattened, ca. as long as leaf blade; leaf blade ovate-orbicular or elliptic-ovate, 4-8 × 2-5 cm, both surfaces tomentose. Leaves of sprouts and long shoots ovate-orbicular, middle lobe much larger than lateral ones, 4-10 × 3-8 cm, adaxially white tomentose at first, somewhat glabrescent, base broadly cuneate, rounded, truncate, or subcordate, palmately 3-5-lobed; margin irregularly notched; lateral lobes spreading nearly obtusely, entire or notched-lobed. Male catkin 3-6 cm. Male flower: stamens 8-10. Female catkin 5-10 cm. Female flower: stipe short; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule narrowly conical, ca. 5 mm, glabrous, 2-valved. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May.
Native in Xinjiang; planted in Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang [N Africa, SW and WC Asia, Europe].
1.银白杨(中国树木分类学)
Populus alba L. Sp. Pl. 1034. 1753; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 37. 1916; Rehd. Man. Cult. Trees and Shrubs 84. 1927; Hao in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 3: 227. 1935; Kom. Fl. URSS, 5: 225. 1936;陈嵘, 中国树木分类学, 112. 1937; 刘慎谔等, 东北木本植物图志, 112.图版9: 1-2. 图版12: 32. 1935; Poljak. in Fl. Kazakhst. 3: 40. 1960;中国高等植物图鉴, 1: 350. 图700. 1972; 秦岭植物志, 1 (2): 16. 1974; 西藏植物名录, 43. 1980.
1a.银白杨(原变种)图版1:1-4
var. alba
乔木,高15-30米。树干不直,雌株更歪斜;树冠宽阔。树皮白色至灰白色,平滑,下部常粗糙。小枝初被白色绒毛,萌条密被绒毛,圆筒形,灰绿或淡褐色。芽卵圆形,长4-5毫米,先端渐尖,密被白绒毛,后局部或全部脱落,棕褐色,有光泽;萌枝和长枝叶卵圆形,掌状3-5浅裂,长4-10厘米,宽3-8厘米,裂片先端钝尖,基部阔楔形、圆形或平截,或近心形,中裂片远大于侧裂片,边缘呈不规则凹缺,侧裂片几呈钝角开展,不裂或凹缺状浅裂,初时两面被白绒毛,后上面脱落;短枝叶较小,长4-8厘米,宽2-5厘米,卵圆形或椭圆状卵形,先端钝尖,基部阔楔形、圆形,少微心形或平截,边缘有不规则且不对称的钝齿牙;上面光滑,下面被白色绒毛;叶柄短于或等于叶片,略侧扁,被白绒毛。雄花序长3-6厘米;花序轴有毛,苞片膜质,宽椭圆形,长约3毫米,边缘有不规则齿牙和长毛;花盘有短梗,宽椭圆形,歪斜;雄蕊8-10,花丝细长,花药紫红色; 雌花序长5-10厘米,花序轴有毛,雌蕊具短柄,花柱短,柱头2,有淡黄色长裂片。蒴果细圆锥形,长约5毫米,2瓣裂,无毛。花期4-5月,果期5月。
辽宁南部、山东、河南、河北、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海等省区栽培,仅新疆(额尔齐斯河)有野生。欧洲、北非、亚洲西部和北部也有分布。模式标本采自欧洲。
银白杨喜大陆性气候,耐寒,深根性,根薛力强,抗风力强,对土壤条件要求不严,但以湿润肥沃的沙质土生长良好。不耐湿热,北京以南地区栽培的多受病虫害。用种子和插条繁殖。种子千粒重0.54克,发芽率95%。插条育苗时,将枝条进行冬季沙藏,保持0-5摄氏度的低温,促使皮层软化,或早春将剪好的插穗放入冷水中浸5-10小时,再用湿沙分层复盖,经5-10天后扦插,也可用生长素处理。银白杨木材纹理直,结构细,质轻软,可供建筑、家具、造纸等用。树皮可制栲胶;叶磨碎可驱臭虫;树形高耸,枝叶美观,幼叶红艳,可做绿化树种。也为西北地区平原沙荒造林树种。
lb.光皮银白杨(变种)
var. bachofenii (Wierzb.) Wesm. in DC. Prodr. 16 (2): 324. 1868. ——P. bachofenii Wierzb. ex Rocb. Banat. Reise, 77. 1838.
树皮灰色或青灰色,光滑;树冠宽大,枝开展。萌条和长枝叶掌状3-5深裂,基部截形,中裂片多2-3浅裂,先端尖,侧裂片几成锐角开展,外缘基部具短裂片和齿牙;短枝叶基部平截,两侧缺刻状齿牙几对称,下面几无毛。仅见雄株。
我国新疆有栽培。分布欧洲西南部、西亚、中亚等地。
光皮银白杨的树冠似银白杨,但树皮发青灰而光滑;长枝叶深裂,短枝叶两边齿牙几对称,基部平截,成叶背面几无毛。
lc. 新疆杨(变种)(通称)图版1:5-6
var. pyramidalis Bge. in Mem. Div. Sav. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 7: 498. 1854.——P. alba L. f. pyramidalis (Bge.) Dipp. Handb. Laubh. 2: 191. 1892; Rehd. Man. Cult. Trees and Shrubs ed. 2, 73. 1940; id. Bibliogr. Cult. Trees and Shrubs, 66. 1949. ——P. balleana Lauche, Deuts. Mag. Gart. & Blumenk 296. 1878; Kom. Fl. URSS, 5: 224. 1936. p. p.; Poljak. in Fl. Kazakhst. 3: 40. 1960.——P. alba L. var. blumeana (Lauche) Otto in Hamburg. Oart. & Blumenzeit. 35: 3. 1879.
本变种树冠窄圆柱形或尖塔形。树皮灰白或青灰色,光滑少裂。萌条和长枝叶掌状深裂,基部平截;短枝叶圆形,有粗缺齿,侧齿几对称,基部平截,下面绿色几无毛。仅见雄株。
我国北方各省区常栽培,以新疆为普遍。分布在中亚、西亚、巴尔干、欧洲等地。
新疆杨属中湿性树种,抗寒性较差;北疆地区在树干基部西南方向常发生冻裂,在年度极端最低气温达-30摄氏度以下时,苗木冻梢严重。喜光,抗大气干旱,抗风,抗烟尘,抗柳毒蛾,较耐盐碱,但在未经改良的盐碱地、沼泽地、粘土地、戈壁滩等均生长不良。用插条繁殖较易。
木材供建筑、家具等用。为优良的绿化和防护林树种。
Populus alba | |||
Family Name: | Salicaceae | Genera name: | Populus |
Species name: | alba | Genera status: | |
NLR: | Comments: | ||
Sample Name: | Euras_Povoa_3 | Formation: | |
Age: | Epoch (to): | Miocene~ | |
Stage: | ~ | Contributer: | |
Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
locality name: | Euras_Povoa | Province/State: | |
Continents: | county: | ||
country: | Portugal | longitude-decimal degrees: | -8.9 |
latitude-decimal degrees: | 39.2 | elevation [m]: | |
Notes: |
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
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Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
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Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
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Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
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Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
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新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
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第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
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全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
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上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |