| 学名(拉丁名) | Polygonum |
| 中文名 | 蓼属 |
| 命名人 | L. |
| 中文科名 | 蓼科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Polygonaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Polygonum |
| 中文名 | 蓼属 |
| 中文科名 | 蓼科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Polygonaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Polygonum |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Polygonaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Polygonum |
| 中文名 | 蓼属 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Polygonaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Polygonum |
| 中文名 | 蓼属 |
| 中文科名 | 蓼科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Polygonaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Polygonum |
| 发表年份 | 1753(年) |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Polygonaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Polygonum |
| 类型 | genus |
| 1 | 花单生或数朵成簇，生于叶腋，稀生于枝顶上部成总状花序；叶基部具关节；托叶鞘2裂，以后撕裂；花丝基部扩大或仅内侧者扩大。 | 萹蓄组 Sect. Avicularia |
| 1 | 花序总状、头状或圆锥状；托叶鞘既不为2裂也不为撕裂；叶基部无关节；花丝基部不扩大。 (2) | |
| 2 | 茎、叶柄具倒生皮刺。 | 刺蓼组 Sect. Echinocaulon |
| 2 | 茎、叶柄无倒生皮刺。 (3) | |
| 3 | 花序圆锥状。 | 分叉蓼组 Sect. Aconogonon |
| 3 | 花序不为圆锥状。 (4) | |
| 4 | 花序头状。 | 头状蓼组 Sect. Cephalophilon |
| 4 | 总状花序呈穗状。 (5) | |
| 5 | 茎不分枝，稀上部分枝，具基部叶；根状茎粗壮，木质；托叶鞘顶端偏斜，无缘毛。 | 拳参组 Sect. Bistorta |
| 5 | 茎分枝，无基生叶；无根状茎或具细长的非木质根状茎；托叶鞘顶端截形，具缘毛。 | 蓼组 Sect. Polygonum |
| 1 | Flowers in axillary fascicles, if in spikes then with leaves; petioles articulate at base; ocrea membranous, 2-cleft or lacerate; filaments dilated at base (1. P . sect. Polygonum ). | (2) |
| 1 + | Inflorescence spicate, capitate, or paniculate; ocrea neither 2-cleft nor lacerate; petiole not articulate; filaments not dilated at base. | (17) |
| 2 (1) | Subshrub or small shrub. | (3) |
| 2 (1) + | Annual or perennial herb. | (6) |
| 3 (2) | Subshrub. | (4) |
| 3 (2) + | Small shrub. | (5) |
| 4 (3) | Stems prostrate or ascending; leaves linear, green, apex spinose. (1) | P . paronychioides |
| 4 (3) + | Stems erect; leaves elliptic or oblong, gray-green, apex not spinose. (3) | P . schischkinii |
| 5 (3) | Leaves orbicular or broadly elliptic, 1-1.3 cm wide; achenes densely granular puncticulate, slightly shiny. (2) | P . intramongolicum |
| 5 (3) + | Leaves oblong or elliptic, 3-4 mm wide; achenes smooth, shiny. (4) | P . popovii |
| 6 (2) | Perennial herb; roots ligneous; petioles 2-5 mm. (5) | P . cognatum |
| 6 (2) + | Annual herb; roots not ligneous; petioles very short or nearly absent. | (7) |
| 7 (6) | Leaves linear or subulate. | (8) |
| 7 (6) + | Leaves lanceolate, oblanceolate, elliptic, or oblong. | (10) |
| 8 (7) | Stems slender, glabrous; perianth membranous, cleft to 3/4; achenes biconvex, smooth, shiny. (13) | P . molliiforme |
| 8 (7) + | Stems not slender, scabrous or papillate; perianth herbaceous, cleft to 1/3 or 1/2; achenes trigonous, punctate, slightly shiny. | (9) |
| 9 (8) | Perianth cleft to 1/3; achenes densely punctate; flowers 1 or 2. (10) | P . polycnemoides |
| 9 (8) + | Perianth cleft to 1/2; achenes slightly punctate; flower solitary. (15) | P . acerosum |
| 10 (7) | Stems erect; inflorescence spicate, terminal. | (11) |
| 10 (7) + | Stems prostrate, procumbent, ascending, or erect; flowers 1-7, in axillary fascicles. | (12) |
| 11 (10) | Leaves caducous; achenes smooth, shiny. (12) | P . argyrocoleon |
| 11 (10) + | Leaves not caducous; achenes densely punctate, slightly shiny. (11) | P . patulum |
| 12 (10) | Pedicels articulate at middle; achenes smooth, shiny. (9) | P . plebeium |
| 12 (10) + | Pedicels articulate at apex; achenes densely punctate or granular-striate, opaque or slightly shiny. | (13) |
| 13 (12) | Achenes densely granular-striate, opaque. | (14) |
| 13 (12) + | Achenes densely minutely punctate, slightly shiny. | (15) |
| 14 (13) | Perianth cleft to 2/3-3/4; achenes included or slightly exceeding persistent perianth. (6) | P . aviculare |
| 14 (13) + | Perianth cleft to 1/2; achenes included in persistent perianth. (8) | P . arenastrum |
| 15 (13) | Plant gray-green; ocrea silvery, with inconspicuous veins; achenes included in persistent perianth. (14) | P . acetosum |
| 15 (13) + | Plant green; ocrea: lower part brownish, upper part white, membranous, with conspicuous veins; achenes exceeding persistent perianth. | (16) |
| 16 (15) | Ocrea 5-9-veined; leaf blade adaxially with conspicuous midvein and lateral veins. (16) | P . rigidum |
| 16 (15) + | Ocrea 3- or 4-veined; leaf blade adaxially with conspicuous midvein and inconspicuous lateral veins. (7) | P . humifusum |
| 17 (1) | Stems and petioles with retrorse prickles (6. P . sect. Echinocaulon ). | (18) |
| 17 (1) + | Stems and petioles without retrorse prickles. | (31) |
| 18 (17) | Ocrea expanding into green herbaceous wings at apex. | (19) |
| 18 (17) + | Ocrea not expanding into wings at apex. | (24) |
| 19 (18) | Leaf blade triangular-peltate; perianth accrescent and fleshy in fruit. (100) | P . perfoliatum |
| 19 (18) + | Leaf blade not triangular-peltate, perianth not accrescent nor fleshy in fruit. | (20) |
| 20 (19) | Leaves triangular or narrowly triangular. | (21) |
| 20 (19) + | Leaves hastate or narrowly hastate. | (22) |
| 21 (20) | Apex of ocrea with green reniform-orbicular wings; peduncles shortly glandular hairy. (104) | P . senticosum |
| 21 (20) + | Apex of ocrea with green lanceolate-auriculate wings; peduncles not glandular hairy. (105) | P . darrisii |
| 22 (20) | Leaves narrowly hastate, both surfaces densely stellate hairy; wings of ocrea with dentate margin. (101) | P . maackianum |
| 22 (20) + | Leaves hastate, both surfaces sparsely bristly, sometimes rarely stellate hairy; wings of ocrea with entire or crenate margin. | (23) |
| 23 (22) | Perianth 5-parted; achenes trigonous. (102) | P . thunbergii |
| 23 (22) + | Perianth 4-parted; achenes biconvex. (103) | P . biconvexum |
| 24 (18) | Apex of ocrea oblique, shortly ciliate or not ciliate. | (25) |
| 24 (18) + | Apex of ocrea truncate, long ciliate. | (28) |
| 25 (24) | Apex of ocrea shortly ciliate; peduncles with glandular hairs; bracts funnel-shaped. | (26) |
| 25 (24) + | Apex of ocrea not ciliate; peduncles with or without glandular hairs; bracts elliptic. | (27) |
| 26 (25) | Leaves lanceolate or narrowly oblong, base sagittate; apex acute; perianth 4-parted. (106) | P . praetermissum |
| 26 (25) + | Leaves ovate-elliptic, base hastate or cordate, apex acuminate; perianth 5-parted. (107) | P . dissitiflorum |
| 27 (25) | Leaves basally sagittate; styles 3, connate to below middle; achenes ovoid, trigonous. (108) | P . sagittatum |
| 27 (25) + | Leaves basally cuneate, truncate, or subhastate; styles 2, free, achenes nearly orbicular, biconvex. (109) | P . dichotomum |
| 28 (24) | Leaves basally cuneate; spikes interrupted at base; bracts funnel-shaped; peduncles densely glandular hairy. (110) | P . bungeanum |
| 28 (24) + | Leaves basally not cuneate; spikes not interrupted; bracts elliptic or ovate; peduncles densely pubescent and sparsely glandular hairy. | (29) |
| 29 (28) | Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate; inflorescence spicate, several spikes aggregated, becoming panicle-like. (111) | P . muricatum |
| 29 (28) + | Leaves lanceolate or elliptic; inflorescence spicate, not aggregated nor panicle-like. | (30) |
| 30 (29) | Leaves basally weakly cordate, truncate, or subsagittate; base of ocrea with dense retrorse prickles; pedicels 1-2 mm, glabrous. (112) | P . strigosum |
| 30 (29) + | Leaves basally sagittate or subhastate; base of ocrea without retrorse prickles; pedicels 4-6 mm, with glandular hairs. (113) | P . hastatosagittatum |
| 31 (17) | Inflorescence spicate. | (32) |
| 31 (17) + | Inflorescence capitate or paniculate. | (76) |
| 32 (31) | Stems branched, without basal leaves, sometimes with slender horizontal rhizomes; apex of ocrea truncate, usually ciliate; annual or perennial herb (2. P . sect. Persicaria ). | (33) |
| 32 (31) + | Stems simple, rarely branched, with basal leaves; rhizomes ligneous, large, usually curved; apex of ocrea oblique, not ciliate; perennial herb, subshrub, or small shrub (3. P . sect. Bistorta ). | (55) |
| 33 (32) | Perennial herb. | (34) |
| 33 (32) + | Annual herb. | (38) |
| 34 (33) | Amphibious plant; leaves of aquatic plants oblong, basally subcordate; those of terrestrial plants lanceolate, basally rounded. (17) | P . amphibium |
| 34 (33) + | Terrestrial plant; leaves lanceolate, basally cuneate, rarely subrounded. | (35) |
| 35 (34) | Leaf blade sericeous on both surfaces; cilia of ocrea 4-6 mm. | (36) |
| 35 (34) + | Leaf blade appressed hispidulous or pubescent on both surfaces; cilia of ocrea 1-2 cm. | (37) |
| 36 (35) | Leaves narrowly cuneate at base; achenes orbicular, biconvex; styles 2, free. (18) | P . pulchrum |
| 36 (35) + | Leaves cuneate at base; achenes ellipsoid, trigonous; styles 3, connate below middle. (19) | P . huananense |
| 37 (35) | Cilia of ocrea 1-1.2 cm; stems glabrous, sometimes sparsely hispidulous; leaf blade sparsely appressed hispidulous on both surfaces; achenes 2.5-3 mm. (20) | P . japonicum |
| 37 (35) + | Cilia of ocrea 1.5-2 cm; stems pubescent; leaf blade pubescent on both surfaces; achenes 1.5-2 mm. (21) | P . barbatum |
| 38 (33) | Plant glabrous throughout. (22) | P . glabrum |
| 38 (33) + | Plant not glabrous throughout. | (39) |
| 39 (38) | Peduncles glandular hairy or glandular. | (40) |
| 39 (38) + | Peduncles not glandular hairy and glandular. | (43) |
| 40 (39) | Peduncles glandular hairy. | (41) |
| 40 (39) + | Peduncles glandular. | (42) |
| 41 (40) | Peduncles, stems, and branches densely glandular hairy and hirsute; achenes trigonous. (23) | P . viscosum |
| 41 (40) + | Peduncles sparsely glandular hairy or glabrous; stems and branches sparsely pubescent or glabrescent; achenes biconvex, rarely trigonous. (24) | P . persicaria |
| 42 (40) | Peduncles sparsely viscid-glandular; perianth 5(or 4)-parted; achenes ovoid, trigonous. (25) | P . viscoferum |
| 42 (40) + | Peduncles glandular; perianth 4(or 5)-parted; achenes broadly ovoid, biconcave. (26) | P . lapathifolium |
| 43 (39) | Apex of ocrea usually with green leaflike wing; leaf blade 5-12 cm wide. (27) | P . orientale |
| 43 (39) + | Apex of ocrea without wing; leaf blade 0.3-4 cm wide. | (44) |
| 44 (43) | Leaves dark blue-green when dry. | (45) |
| 44 (43) + | Leaves not dark blue-green when dry. | (46) |
| 45 (44) | Leaves ovate or broadly elliptic, apex obtuse or slightly acute; achenes broadly ovoid, trigonous. (28) | P . tinctorium |
| 45 (44) + | Leaves elliptic-ovate or broadly lanceolate, apex acute; achenes ovoid, biconvex. (29) | P . assamicum |
| 46 (44) | Perianth punctate. | (47) |
| 46 (44) + | Perianth not punctate. | (49) |
| 47 (46) | Leaves ovate, 1-2.5 cm; tepals 4-5 mm. (30) | P . paralimicola |
| 47 (46) + | Leaves lanceolate, 4-10 cm; tepals 2-3 mm. | (48) |
| 48 (47) | Stems glabrous; perianth white or pink above; leaves with peppery taste. (31) | P . hydropiper |
| 48 (47) + | Stems sparsely hispidulous; perianth red above; leaves without peppery taste. (32) | P . pubescens |
| 49 (46) | Spikes dense, not interrupted. | (50) |
| 49 (46) + | Spikes lax, slender, interrupted. | (52) |
| 50 (49) | Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 4-8 mm wide; achenes biconvex, 1-1.5 mm. (37) | P . kawagoeanum |
| 50 (49) + | Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 10-25 mm wide; achenes trigonous, 2.5-3 mm. | (51) |
| 51 (50) | Stems erect; leaves 6-10 cm, base cuneate; pedicels 7-8 mm. (38) | P . jucundum |
| 51 (50) + | Stems stoloniferous, rooting from nodes; leaves 2-4 cm, base broadly cuneate; pedicels 5-6 mm. (39) | P . limicola |
| 52 (49) | Cilia of ocrea 6-8 mm, achenes trigonous. | (53) |
| 52 (49) + | Cilia of ocrea 0.5-5 mm; achenes biconvex, rarely trigonous. | (54) |
| 53 (52) | Leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate, apex caudate-acuminate, base broadly cuneate. (33) | P . posumbu |
| 53 (52) + | Leaves lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate or rounded. (34) | P . longisetum |
| 54 (52) | Spikes to 10 cm, pendulous, interrupted; cilia of ocrea 3-5 mm. (35) | P . taquetii |
| 54 (52) + | Spikes 3-5 cm, erect, interrupted below; cilia of ocrea 0.5-3 mm. (36) | P . foliosum |
| 55 (32) | Subshrub or small shrub. | (56) |
| 55 (32) + | Perennial herb. | (58) |
| 56 (55) | Subshrub; leaves oblanceolate or lanceolate; spikes dense, 1-1.5 cm in diam.; tepals obovate. (59) | P . affine |
| 56 (55) + | Small shrub; leaves elliptic or lanceolate; spikes lax, 0.5-0.8 cm in diam.; tepals elliptic. | (57) |
| 57 (56) | Leaves elliptic, 1-2 cm; tepals narrowly elliptic; stamens exserted. (60) | P . vacciniifolium |
| 57 (56) + | Leaves lanceolate, 3-15 cm; tepals broadly elliptic; stamens included. (61) | P . emodi |
| 58 (55) | Inflorescence lower part with bulbils. | (59) |
| 58 (55) + | Inflorescence without bulbils. | (60) |
| 59 (58) | Basal leaves ovate or narrowly ovate; cauline leaves: upper ones sessile, clasping. (40) | P . suffultoides |
| 59 (58) + | Basal leaves oblong, ovate-lanceolate or linear; cauline leaves not clasping. (41) | P . viviparum |
| 60 (58) | Basal leaves basally decurrent along petiole, forming wings or slightly decurrent. | (61) |
| 60 (58) + | Basal leaves basally not decurrent. | (69) |
| 61 (60) | Basal leaves narrowly ovate or orbicular-ovate, 3-7 cm wide. | (62) |
| 61 (60) + | Basal leaves neither narrowly ovate nor orbicular-ovate, 1-3(-5) cm wide. | (63) |
| 62 (61) | Basal leaves narrowly ovate, apex acute; cauline leaves clasping. (42) | P . pacificum |
| 62 (61) + | Basal leaves orbicular-ovate, apex obtuse; cauline leaves not clasping. (43) | P . honanense |
| 63 (61) | Rhizomes horizontal, not curved; ocrea brown throughout, cleft to base. (44) | P . sinomontanum |
| 63 (61) + | Rhizomes curved; ocrea: lower part green, upper part brown, cleft to middle. | (64) |
| 64 (63) | Cauline leaves: upper ones clasping. | (65) |
| 64 (63) + | Cauline leaves: upper ones not clasping. | (66) |
| 65 (64) | Leaves glabrous on both surfaces; basal leaves basally cuneate; cauline leaves auriculate; spikes 4-8 cm, ca. 1 cm in diam. (45) | P . manshuriense |
| 65 (64) + | Leaves densely gray-white pubescent abaxially; basal leaves basally rounded or subcordate; cauline leaves not auriculate; spikes 2-3 cm, 1-1.5 cm in diam. (46) | P . ochotense |
| 66 (64) | Leaves subleathery; perianth purple-red, tepals 4-5 mm; styles 3, connate to below. (47) | P . milletii |
| 66 (64) + | Leaves papery; perianth pinkish or white, tepals 2-3.5 mm; styles 3, free. | (67) |
| 67 (66) | Spikes 2-3 cm, 1.5-2 in diam.; tepals 3-3.5 mm. (48) | P . ellipticum |
| 67 (66) + | Spikes 4-8 cm, 0.8-1.2 in diam.; tepals 2-3 mm. | (68) |
| 68 (67) | Basal leaves narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 cm wide. (49) | P . alopecuroides |
| 68 (67) + | Basal leaves broadly lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 2-5 cm wide. (50) | P . bistorta |
| 69 (60) | Stems simple or branched; basal leaves ovate. | (70) |
| 69 (60) + | Stems simple; basal leaves not ovate. | (71) |
| 70 (69) | Rhizomes usually torulose; stems slender; leaf margin not revolute, apex acuminate or acute. (51) | P . suffultum |
| 70 (69) + | Rhizomes horizontal, not torulose; stems robust; leaf margin slightly revolute, apex long acuminate. (52) | P . amplexicaule |
| 71 (69) | Rhizomes horizontal; spikes lax, nutant; pedicels 10-12 mm, articulate at middle. (53) | P . griffithii |
| 71 (69) + | Rhizomes curved; spikes erect; pedicels 3-6 mm, articulate at apex. | (72) |
| 72 (71) | Basal leaves oblong or lanceolate; perianth pinkish or white, tepals 2-3 mm. | (73) |
| 72 (71) + | Basal leaves elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate; perianth red or purple-red, tepals 3-5 mm. | (74) |
| 73 (72) | Spikes 1.5-2.5 cm, 1-1.5 cm in diam.; basal leaves oblong, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate; anthers black-purple. (54) | P . macrophyllum |
| 73 (72) + | Spikes 4-6 cm, 0.8-12 cm in diam.; basal leaves narrowly oblong or lanceolate; anthers red-brown. (55) | P . paleaceum |
| 74 (72) | Leaf blade yellow-brown tomentose abaxially. (56) | P . subscaposum |
| 74 (72) + | Leaf blade glabrous or sparsely pubescent. | (75) |
| 75 (74) | Basal leaves elliptic, veins purple-red; styles 3, connate to below middle. (57) | P . purpureonervosum |
| 75 (74) + | Basal leaves ovate-elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, veins green; styles 3, free. (58) | P . coriaceum |
| 76 (31) | Inflorescence capitate (4. P . sect. Cephalophilon ). | (77) |
| 76 (31) + | Inflorescence paniculate (5. P . sect. Aconogonon ). | (93) |
| 77 (76) | Perennial herb. | (78) |
| 77 (76) + | Annual herb. | (85) |
| 78 (77) | Leaves palmate. (62) | P . palmatum |
| 78 (77) + | Leaves not palmate. | (79) |
| 79 (78) | Ocrea glabrous, 1.5-3 cm, apex oblique; perianth accrescent in fruit, fleshy. (63) | P . chinense |
| 79 (78) + | Ocrea glandular hairy or pilose, less than 1.2 cm, apex truncate; perianth not accrescent in fruit, not fleshy. | (80) |
| 80 (79) | Stems creeping or prostrate. | (81) |
| 80 (79) + | Stems erect or decumbent. | (82) |
| 81 (80) | Stems ligneous at base, tufted; leaves ovate or elliptic; petioles 2-3 mm; ocrea glandular hairy. (64) | P . capitatum |
| 81 (80) + | Stems not ligneous at base, not tufted; leaves cordate or ovate-cordate; petioles 1-2 cm; ocrea pilose. (65) | P . strindbergii |
| 82 (80) | Leaves pinnatifid. (66) | P . runcinatum |
| 82 (80) + | Leaves entire. | (83) |
| 83 (82) | Leaves not decurrent at base; petioles not winged. (69) | P . wallichii |
| 83 (82) + | Leaves decurrent at base; petioles winged. | (84) |
| 84 (83) | Leaves ovate-oblong, apex long acuminate. (67) | P . umbrosum |
| 84 (83) + | Leaves broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, apex acuminate. (68) | P . microcephalum |
| 85 (77) | Stems prostrate, tufted; leaves narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate. (70) | P . criopolitanum |
| 85 (77) + | Stems erect or decumbent; leaves ovate or lanceolate-ovate. | (86) |
| 86 (85) | Leaves sparsely long glandular hairy on both surfaces. (71) | P . humile |
| 86 (85) + | Leaves pilose, strigose, or glabrous on both surfaces. | (87) |
| 87 (86) | Peduncles with glandular hairs; petioles winged. | (88) |
| 87 (86) + | Peduncles without glandular hairs; petioles not winged. | (89) |
| 88 (87) | Leaves sparsely pellucid yellow glandular punctate; petioles winged; bracts glabrous. (72) | P . nepalense |
| 88 (87) + | Leaves not glandular punctate; petioles narrowly winged; bracts sparsely glandular hairy. (73) | P . glaciale |
| 89 (87) | Perianth 4-parted. | (90) |
| 89 (87) + | Perianth 5-parted. | (91) |
| 90 (89) | Leaves obovate or elliptic, 3-6 mm, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely pilose abaxially. (77) | P . fertile |
| 90 (89) + | Leaves ovate, 1-1.5 cm, both surfaces pilose. (78) | P . sparsipilosum |
| 91 (89) | Leaves ovate, 4-8 mm, glabrous, base cordate; petioles short or nearly absent. (74) | P . delicatulum |
| 91 (89) + | Leaves ovate or lanceolate-ovate, 1-3 cm, strigose or pilose, base cuneate or subtruncate; petioles 3-10 mm. | (92) |
| 92 (91) | Leaves strigose on both surfaces; stamens 3 or 4. (75) | P . filicaule |
| 92 (91) + | Leaves pilose or glabrescent on both surfaces; stamens 8. (76) | P . cyanandrum |
| 93 (76) | Subshrub. | (94) |
| 93 (76) + | Perennial herb. | (97) |
| 94 (93) | Perianth accrescent and fleshy in fruit, tepals elliptic; leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, base cuneate. (79) | P . molle |
| 94 (93) + | Perianth not accrescent nor fleshy in fruit, tepals obovate; leaves not elliptic nor elliptic-lanceolate, base rounded, cordate, or truncate, but cuneate in P . tibeticum . | (95) |
| 95 (94) | Branches forked; leaves subsessile, ovate, base rounded or subcordate. (80) | P . tortuosum |
| 95 (94) + | Branches not forked; leaves petiolate, lanceolate, elliptic, or oblong, base hastate-cordate, subtruncate, or cuneate. | (96) |
| 96 (95) | Panicle spreading; leaves broadly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, or narrowly lanceolate or narrowly oblong, 6-17 cm, base hastate-cordate or subtruncate. (81) | P . polystachyum |
| 96 (95) + | Panicle not spreading; leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong, 3-5 cm, base cuneate. (82) | P . tibeticum |
| 97 (93) | Stems creeping, forming tufts; leaves orbicular or reniform. | (98) |
| 97 (93) + | Stems erect; leaves not orbicular or reniform. | (99) |
| 98 (97) | Leaves 0.3-0.5 cm in diam., base rounded; tepals elliptic; achenes broadly ovoid, biconvex. (83) | P . nummulariifolium |
| 98 (97) + | Leaves 1-4 cm in diam.; base cordate; tepals obovate; achenes ellipsoid, trigonous. (84) | P . forrestii |
| 99 (97) | Stems simple, with basal leaves; flowers unisexual and plants dioecious. (85) | P . hookeri |
| 99 (97) + | Stems branched, without basal leaves; flowers bisexual. | (100) |
| 100 (99) | Leaves ovate. | (101) |
| 100 (99) + | Leaves elliptic or lanceolate to linear, or oblong, but narrowly ovate to broadly ovate in P . campanulatum . | (104) |
| 101 (100) | Perianth red; pedicels articulate at middle. (86) | P . songaricum |
| 101 (100) + | Perianth white; pedicels articulate at apex or not articulate. | (102) |
| 102 (101) | Pedicels 3-4 mm, not articulate or ?articulate; achenes equaling persistent perianth. (87) | P . coriarium |
| 102 (101) + | Pedicels 1-2 mm, articulate at apex; achenes distinctly exceeding persistent perianth. | (103) |
| 103 (102) | Leaves basally cuneate, petioles short or nearly absent; achenes usually erect. (88) | P . platyphyllum |
| 103 (102) + | Leaves basally rounded, petioles 2-4 cm; achenes pendulous. (89) | P . limosum |
| 104 (100) | Leaves basally usually hastate. (90) | P . sibiricum |
| 104 (100) + | Leaves basally not hastate. | (105) |
| 105 (104) | Tepals obovate, 3-4 mm wide. | (106) |
| 105 (104) + | Tepals elliptic, 2-3 mm. | (109) |
| 106 (105) | Leaf blade usually constricted below, base truncate or cuneate; bracts 1-1.5 cm; pedicels pubescent. (96) | P . pinetorum |
| 106 (105) + | Leaf blade not constricted below, base broadly cuneate; bracts 2-3 mm; pedicels glabrous. | (107) |
| 107 (106) | Pedicels articulate at apex; styles ca. 2 mm. (97) | P . campanulatum |
| 107 (106) + | Pedicels not articulate at apex; styles ca. 0.5 mm. | (108) |
| 108 (107) | Leaf blade abaxially densely grayish tomentose. (98) | P . lichiangense |
| 108 (107) + | Leaf blade abaxially pilose. (99) | P . cathayanum |
| 109 (105) | Achenes distinctly exceeding persistent perianth. | (110) |
| 109 (105) + | Achenes included in persistent perianth. | (111) |
| 110 (109) | Stems branched from above middle, usually sparsely hirsute; branches not divaricate; leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, base broadly cuneate. (94) | P . alpinum |
| 110 (109) + | Stems branched from base, glabrous; branches divaricate; leaves lanceolate or oblong, base cuneate or narrowly cuneate. (95) | P . divaricatum |
| 111 (109) | Leaves linear, 2-4 mm wide, margin conspicuously revolute. (91) | P . angustifolium |
| 111 (109) + | Leaves lanceolate 5-15 mm wide, margin not revolute. | (112) |
| 112 (111) | Leaves lanceolate or linear lanceolate, 5-8 mm, base narrowly cuneate. (92) | P . ocreatum |
| 112 (111) + | Leaves lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 8-15 mm wide, base broadly cuneate. (93) | P . ajanense |
一年生或多年生草本，稀为半灌木或小灌木。茎直立、平卧或上升，无毛、被毛或具倒生钩刺，通常节部膨大。叶互生，叶片线形、披针形、卵形、椭圆形、箭形或戟形，全缘，稀具裂5，托叶鞘膜质或草质，筒状，先端截形或偏斜，全缘或分裂，有缘毛或无缘毛。花序穗状、总状、头状或圆锥状，顶生或腋生，稀为花簇，生于叶腋；花两性稀单性，簇生稀为单生；苞片及小苞片为膜质；花梗有关节；花被5深裂稀薄裂，宿存；花盘腺状、环状，有时无花盘；雄蕊8，稀4—7；子房卵形；花柱2—3，离生或中下部合生；柱头头状。瘦果卵形，具3棱或双凸镜状，包于宿存花被内或突出花被之外。约230种，广布于全世界，主要分布于北温带。我国有109种27变种，南北各省区均有；云南产64种19变种。有些学者曾将本属分为11个独立的属，但因彼此间的区别不明显，有些学者仍主张归为1属，我们遵从《中国植物志》的意见，除将荞麦属 Fagopyrum、金线草属 Antenoron、虎杖属 Reynoutria 和蔓蓼属 Fallopia 作为独立的属外，其他各属仍归并为1属。
2. 蓼属 Polygonum L.
L. Sp. Pl. 359. 1753; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 3: 97. 1880.
一年生或多年生草本，稀为半灌木或小灌木。茎直立、平卧或上升，无毛、被毛或具倒生钩刺，通常节部膨大。叶互生，线形、披针形、卵形、椭圆形、箭形或戟形，全缘，稀具裂片；托叶鞘膜质或草质，筒状，顶端截形或偏斜，全缘或分裂，有缘毛或无缘毛。花序穗状、总状、头状或圆锥状，顶生或腋生，稀为花簇，生于叶腋；花两性稀单性，簇生稀为单生；苞片及小苞片为膜质；花梗具关节；花被5深裂稀4裂，宿存；花盘腺状、环状，有时无花盘；雄蕊8，稀4-7；子房卵形；花柱2-3，离生或中下部合生；柱头头状。瘦果卵形，具3棱或双凸镜状，包于宿存花被内或突出花被之外。
属选模式种：酸模叶蓼 Polygonum lapathifolium L.
约230种，广布于全世界，主要分布于北温带。我国有113种26变种，南北各省（区）均有。
有些学者曾将本属分为11个独立的属，但因彼此间的区别不明显，有些学者仍主张归为1属，我们除将荞麦属 Fagopyrum、金线草属 Antenoron、虎杖属 Reynoutria 和蔓寥属 Fallopia 作为独立的属外，其他各属仍归并为1属。
| Sample Name: | Auenheim(F) | Formation: | |
| Age: | Epoch (to): | Pliocene~ | |
| Stage: | ~ | Contributer: | |
| Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
|
|||
| locality name: | Auenheim(F) | Province/State: | Elsass |
| Continents: | county: | ||
| country: | France | longitude-decimal degrees: | 8.05 |
| latitude-decimal degrees: | 48.8 | elevation [m]: | |
| Notes: | |||
| Auenheim(F)-Gregor 1990 | |||
| title: | |||
| Year: | 1990 | Type: | |
| Volume: | Issue: | ||
| Pages: | Publisher: | ||
| Location of publisher: | General: | ||
| Authors: | Gregor, H.-J. | ||
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
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新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
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第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
| Sample Name: | Beloyarka | Formation: | |
| Age: | Epoch (to): | Oligocene~ | |
| Stage: | Rupelian~ | Contributer: | |
| Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
|
|||
| locality name: | Beloyarka | Province/State: | Sverdlovsk |
| Continents: | Europe | county: | Tavda river |
| country: | Russia | longitude-decimal degrees: | 64.9 |
| latitude-decimal degrees: | 58.2 | elevation [m]: | |
| Notes: | |||
| Western Siberia-Dorofeev, 1963 | |||
| title: | Tretichnye Flory Zapadnoi Sibiri (Tertiary Floras of Western Siberia) | ||
| Year: | 1963 | Type: | book |
| Volume: | Issue: | ||
| Pages: | 1-343 | Publisher: | |
| Location of publisher: | General: | ||
| Authors: | P. I. Dorofeev | ||
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
| Sample Name: | Berga bei Sangershausen | Formation: | |
| Age: | Epoch (to): | Pliocene~ | |
| Stage: | Piacenzian~ | Contributer: | |
| Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
|
|||
| locality name: | Berga bei Sangershausen | Province/State: | Thuringia |
| Continents: | Europe | county: | |
| country: | Germany | longitude-decimal degrees: | 11.3 |
| latitude-decimal degrees: | 51.466667 | elevation [m]: | |
| Notes: | Bezirk Halle | ||
| Berga bei Sangershausen-Mai and Walther, 1988 | |||
| title: | Die pliozaenen Floren von Thueringen, Deutsche Demokratische Republik | ||
| Year: | 1988 | Type: | journal |
| Volume: | 7 | Issue: | |
| Pages: | 55-297 | Publisher: | |
| Location of publisher: | General: | ||
| Authors: | D. H. Mai and H. Walther | ||
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
| Sample Name: | Broethen, Tongrube | Formation: | |
| Age: | Epoch (to): | Miocene~ | |
| Stage: | Serravallian~ | Contributer: | |
| Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
|
|||
| locality name: | Broethen | Province/State: | Saxen |
| Continents: | county: | ||
| country: | Germany | longitude-decimal degrees: | 14.183333 |
| latitude-decimal degrees: | 51.433333 | elevation [m]: | |
| Notes: | |||
| Broethen-Mai, 2001 | |||
| title: | Die mittelmiozaenen und obermiozaenen Floren aus der Meuroer und Raunoer Folge in der Lausitz. III. Fundstellen und Palaeobiologie | ||
| Year: | 2001 | Type: | journal |
| Volume: | 258 | Issue: | |
| Pages: | 1-85 | Publisher: | |
| Location of publisher: | General: | ||
| Authors: | D. H. Mai | ||
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
| Sample Name: | Chernoluch, lignite | Formation: | |
| Age: | Epoch (to): | Miocene~Miocene | |
| Stage: | ~ | Contributer: | |
| Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
|
|||
| locality name: | Chernoluch | Province/State: | Omsk |
| Continents: | Europe | county: | Irtysh River |
| country: | Russian Federation | longitude-decimal degrees: | 73.016667 |
| latitude-decimal degrees: | 55.216667 | elevation [m]: | |
| Notes: | |||
| Western Siberia-Dorofeev, 1963 | |||
| title: | Tretichnye Flory Zapadnoi Sibiri (Tertiary Floras of Western Siberia) | ||
| Year: | 1963 | Type: | book |
| Volume: | Issue: | ||
| Pages: | 1-343 | Publisher: | |
| Location of publisher: | General: | ||
| Authors: | P. I. Dorofeev | ||
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
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第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
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全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
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上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
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