学名(拉丁名) | Pollia |
中文名 | 杜若属 |
命名人 | Thunb. |
中文科名 | 鸭跖草科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Commelinaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Pollia |
中文名 | 杜若属 |
中文科名 | 鸭跖草科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Commelinaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Pollia |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Commelinaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Pollia |
中文名 | 杜若属 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Commelinaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Pollia |
中文名 | 杜若属 |
中文科名 | 鸭跖草科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Commelinaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Pollia |
发表年份 | 1781 [1781](年) |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Commelinaceae |
1 | 雄蕊6枚全育,仅个别个体有1-2枚雄蕊退化。 (2) | |
1 | 能育雄蕊3枚,位于前方(远轴面),后方3枚不育。 (5) | |
2 | 叶有多少明显的叶柄,叶柄有时长达1.5厘米;叶片小,长5-15厘米;聚伞花序少,仅2至数个。 | 川杜若 Pollia miranda |
2 | 叶无柄,或部分个体有带翅的柄,叶大,长(10)15-35厘米;聚伞花序多个,一般在10个以上。 (3) | |
3 | 圆锥花序具长总梗,远远超出上部叶子;蝎尾状聚伞花序常轮生,集成数个远隔的轮;萼片外面无毛。 | 杜若 Pollia japonica |
3 | 圆锥花序具长不过10厘米的短总梗或无总梗,通常比上部叶子短,不超出;蝎尾状聚伞花序通常不成轮;萼片外面被毛。 (4) | |
4 | 圆锥花序具长5-10厘米的总梗,花序全长10-15厘米;萼片脱落。 | 大杜若 Pollia hasskarlii |
4 | 圆锥花序无总梗或具长不超过2厘米的总梗,花序全长不超过6厘米;萼片常宿存。 | 密花杜若 Pollia thyrsiflora |
5 | 蝎尾状聚伞花序下垂,在短的花序轴上集成伞形花序;花序无总梗或总梗极短;叶有长1-2.5厘米的叶柄。 | 伞花杜若 Pollia subumbellata |
5 | 蝎尾状聚伞花序开展或上升,集成圆锥状花序;花序有长5厘米以上的总梗;叶有或无柄。 (6) | |
6 | 花序远远超出上部叶子,常分枝而由数个圆锥花序组成;叶背面常相当密地被细柔毛,无柄或仅有带翅的柄。 | 长花枝杜若 Pollia secundiflora |
6 | 花序与上部叶子近等长或稍稍伸出,通常无分枝;叶背面无毛或近无毛,具明显而长2-4厘米的叶柄。 | 长柄杜若 Pollia siamensis |
1 | Leaves with petiole 1--4 cm, leaf blade 5--15(--25) cm; inflorescences shorter than or nearly as long as distal leaves, cincinni usually several, not in whorls. | (2) |
1 + | Leaves sessile or base attenuate into short, winged petiole, leaf blade more than (10--)15 cm (except in P. macrobracteata ); inflorescences very short or very long, cincinni in whorls or, if not, flowers very dense or inflorescence branched. | (5) |
2 (1) | Cincinni pendulous, umbel-like, much shorter than leaves (8) | Pollia subumbellata |
2 (1) + | Cincinni spreading or ascending, paniculate, nearly as long as distal leaves. | (3) |
3 (2) | Petiole 2--4 cm, leaf blade 10--25 cm; fertile stamens 3 (6) | Pollia siamensis |
3 (2) + | Petiole less than 1.5 cm, leaf blade 5--15 cm; fertile stamens 6. | (4) |
4 (3) | Peduncle 2--6 cm; petiole wingless (5) | Pollia miranda |
4 (3) + | Peduncle less than 2 cm; petiole winged (4) | Pollia thyrsiflora |
5 (1) | Peduncle extremely short, less than 2 cm; whole inflorescence less than 6 cm, densely flowered; sepals persistent, abaxially pubescent (4) | Pollia thyrsiflora |
5 (1) + | Peduncle more than 3 cm; whole inflorescence more than 8 cm, densely flowered or not; sepals persistent or not, abaxially puberulent or glabrous. | (6) |
6 (5) | Inflorescence branched, branches long, with several nodes and leaf sheaths; leaves abaxially rather densely pubescent; fertile stamens 3 (7) | Pollia secundiflora |
6 (5) + | Inflorescence without such branches; leaves abaxially glabrous; fertile stamens 6. | (7) |
7 (6) | Leaf sheaths less than 1 cm; involucral bracts ovate, herbaceous, apically broadly acute (3) | Pollia macrobracteata |
7 (6) + | Leaf sheaths longer than 2 cm; involucral bracts lanceolate and apically acuminate if herbaceous, or apically emarginate if membranous. | (8) |
8 (7) | Inflorescence much longer than distal leaves, peduncle more than 15 cm, cincinni often in whorls; sepals persistent; petals ca. 3 mm (1) | Pollia japonica |
8 (7) + | Inflorescence shorter than distal leaves, peduncle less than 10 cm, cincinni dense, often not in whorls; sepals caducous; petals ca. 5 mm (2) | Pollia hasskarlii |
多年生草本;茎直立,或基部匍匐。叶较大,互生,椭圆状披针形,有柄或无柄。花具苞片,总花梗上的总苞片叶状,聚伞花序上苞片小或无,组成顶生圆锥花序;花具短柄;萼片3枚,分离,椭圆形,内凹;花瓣3枚,分离,倒卵形,近相等;雄蕊6枚,近相等,或其中3枚较小,或3枚退化,花丝无毛,花药长圆形;子房上位,3室,每室有胚珠4至多颗。蒴果球形或卵形,成熟时蓝色或黑色,光滑而质脆,不开裂;种子多角形,具皱纹。约15种,分布于亚洲、非洲和大洋洲的热带、亚热带地区;我国有6种,产西南至东南部;云南有5种。
6.杜若属 Pollia Thunb.
Thunb. Fl. Jap. 138. 1784; C. B. Clarke in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. 3: 121. 1881; Hong in Act. Phytotax. Sin. 12 (4) : 465. 1974. ——Aclisia E. Mey. in Presl. Rel. Haenck. 1: 138. tab. 25. 1830; Hassk., Commel. Ind. 44. 1870.
多年生草本,具走茎或根状茎。茎近于直立,通常不分枝。圆锥花序顶生,粗大而坚挺,或披散成伞状。蝎尾状聚伞花序有花数朵;总苞片下部的近叶状,上部的很小;苞片膜质,抱花序轴;萼片3枚,分离,椭圆形,中间凹入而稍呈舟状,常宿存;花瓣3枚,分离,卵圆形,有时具短爪;雄蕊6枚,全育,近相等或3枚较小,或仅前方(远轴面)3枚能育而另3枚不育,药室长圆形,不育雄蕊的花药三角状披针形或戟形;全部花丝无毛;子房无柄,3室,卵状,每室有胚珠5-10(稀2-1)个。果实不裂,浆果状,果皮黑色或蓝黑色,薄而多少有光泽,3室,每室有种子5-8颗(少2-1)。种子多在果室中排成2列,稍扁而多角形,种脐在腹面,点状,胚盖在背面。
全属大约15种,分布于亚洲、非洲和大洋洲的热带、亚热带地区。我国有7种,见于长江流域以南。
模式种:Pollia japonica Thunb.