| 学名(拉丁名) | Pleurospermum |
| 中文名 | 棱子芹属 |
| 命名人 | Hoffm. |
| 中文科名 | 伞形科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Umbelliferae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Pleurospermum |
| 中文名 | 棱子芹属 |
| 中文科名 | 伞形科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Umbelliferae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Pleurospermum |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Apiaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Pleurospermum |
| 中文名 | 棱子芹属 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Apiaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Pleurospermum |
| 中文名 | 棱子芹属 |
| 中文科名 | 伞形科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Apiaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Pleurospermum |
| 发表年份 | 1814(年) |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Apiaceae |
| 1 | 果棱通常有平直或微波状的狭翅。 (2) | |
| 1 | 果棱有较宽的波状褶皱或鸡冠状翅。 (13) | |
| 2 | 叶2-4回羽状分裂。 (3) | |
| 2 | 叶1-2回或三出式2回羽状分裂。 (9) | |
| 3 | 叶通常为2-3回羽状分裂。 (4) | |
| 3 | 叶通常为4回羽状分裂。 (7) | |
| 4 | 小草本，高5-10厘米，常具短缩茎（产云南）。 | 矮棱子芹 Pleurospermum nanum |
| 4 | 植株高20厘米以上，茎单一或丛生，无短缩茎。 (5) | |
| 5 | 全体被刚毛（西藏）。 | 疏毛棱子芹 Pleurospermum pilosum |
| 5 | 全体无毛。 (6) | |
| 6 | 植株高可达1米，总苞片顶端条裂或叶状分裂，有宽的膜质边缘（产云南）。 | 云南棱子芹 Pleurospermum yunnanense |
| 6 | 植株高20-40厘米，总苞片顶端尾状尖或短的叶状分裂（产甘肃、青海、四川、云南、西藏）。 | 西藏棱子芹 Pleurospermum hookeri var. thomsonii |
| 7 | 叶的末回裂片线形，宽不及1毫米（产陕西、湖北、四川）。 | 太白棱子芹 Pleurospermum giraldii |
| 7 | 叶的末回裂片线形至狭披针形，宽1毫米以上。 (8) | |
| 8 | 植株稍粗壮，伞辐7-10（产云南、西藏）。 | 美丽棱子芹 Pleurospermum amabile |
| 8 | 植株一般较细弱，伞辐7-10（产青海）。 | 泽库棱子芹 Pleurospermum tsekuense |
| 9 | 植株高8-40厘米，叶为2回羽状分裂。 (10) | |
| 9 | 植株高40-100厘米；叶为三出式2回羽状分裂。 (11) | |
| 10 | 伞辐5-10，长5-12厘米，花柄长5-8毫米（产甘肃、青海、西藏）。 | 青藏棱子芹 Pleurospermum pulszkyi |
| 10 | 伞辐2-4，长1.5-3.5厘米；花极多数，呈头状，花柄长约2毫米（产四川、云南、西藏）。 | 二色棱子芹 Pleurospermum govanianum var. bicolor |
| 11 | 伞辐10-15，长2-3.5厘米，果棱有微波状的狭翅（产云南）。 | 翼叶棱子芹 Pleurospermum decurrens |
| 11 | 伞辐15-25，长5-8厘米，果棱呈平直的狭翅状。 (12) | |
| 12 | 小叶基部心形，边缘有小尖头的圆锯齿（产云南）。 | 心叶棱子芹 Pleurospermum rivulorum |
| 12 | 小叶基部楔形，边缘有细锐锯齿（产西藏）。 | 归叶棱子芹 Pleurospermum angelicoides |
| 13 | 果棱有较宽的微波状翅或波状褶皱。 (14) | |
| 13 | 果棱呈鸡冠状或有明显的齿牙。 (27) | |
| 14 | 植株有显著的短缩茎。 (15) | |
| 14 | 茎直伸，无短缩茎。 (18) | |
| 15 | 果棱有明显的波状褶皱。 (16) | |
| 15 | 果棱有宽的微波状翅。 (17) | |
| 16 | 叶为2回羽状分裂；小总苞片顶端不分裂（四川）。 | 皱果棱子芹 Pleurospermum nubigenum |
| 16 | 叶为3回羽状分裂；小总苞片顶端2回羽状全裂，裂片线形（四川）。 | 异伞棱子芹 Pleurospermum heterosciadium |
| 17 | 垫状植物，伞辐多数（产西藏）。 | 垫状棱子芹 Pleurospermum hedinii |
| 17 | 茎在花期短缩，果期伸长，伞辐4-7（产新疆）。 | 天山棱子芹 Pleurospermum lindleyanum |
| 18 | 植株高15-40厘米；叶的末回裂片狭卵形至披针形，长2-5毫米（紫色棱子芹长可达2厘米）。 (19) | |
| 18 | 植株高40-200厘米，叶的末回裂片长可达1-6厘米。 (23) | |
| 19 | 叶2回羽状分裂；伞辐近等长。 (20) | |
| 19 | 叶2-3回羽状分裂；伞辐极不等长。 (21) | |
| 20 | 茎和叶鞘淡紫色；总苞片和小总苞片顶端羽状分裂，边缘白色，萼齿明显（产四川、甘肃、青海）。 | 粗茎棱子芹 Pleurospermum crassicaule |
| 20 | 茎和叶鞘深紫色；总苞片和小总苞片不分裂，边缘紫红色，萼齿不明显（产我国西藏）。 | 紫色棱子芹 Pleurospermum atropurpureum |
| 21 | 伞辐15-25，稍粗壮，长5-8厘米（产甘肃、青海）。 | 青海棱子芹 Pleurospermum szechenyii |
| 21 | 伞辐5-11，细弱，长1-5厘米。 (22) | |
| 22 | 中部以上多分枝；末回裂片狭披针形，长2-4毫米，宽0.5-1.5毫米；花柱基绿色（产新疆外）。 | 单茎棱子芹 Pleurospermum simplex |
| 22 | 茎伸长，末回裂片披针形，长2-5毫米，宽1-2. 5毫米，花柱基黄色或绿褐色（产我国新疆）。 | 岩生棱子芹 Pleurospermum rupestre |
| 23 | 叶三出式2回羽状分裂，或3-5裂。 (24) | |
| 23 | 叶三出式3回羽状分裂。 (26) | |
| 24 | 总苞片线形至披针形，常脱落（产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、山西、内蒙古）。 | 棱子芹 Pleurospermum camtschaticum |
| 24 | 总苞片倒披针形，有宽的白色边缘，不脱落。 (25) | |
| 25 | 叶片3-5裂或近三出2回羽状分裂，裂片边缘有不规则的锐锯齿；总苞片和小总苞片全缘或顶端有少数分裂，花瓣白色（产云南）。 | 芷叶棱子芹 Pleurospermum heracleifolium |
| 25 | 叶片3裂，裂片边缘为圆齿或锯齿，总苞片和小总苞片顶端3裂，花瓣淡红色（产西藏）。 | 大苞棱子芹 Pleurospermum macrochlaenum |
| 26 | 叶的末回裂片披针状长圆形，长1-2厘米，宽3-5毫米（产河南、湖北、四川、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海）。 | 松潘棱子芹 Pleurospermum franchetianum |
| 26 | 叶的末回裂片狭卵形至披针形，长1-2.5厘米，宽5-10毫米（产四川、云南）。 | 宝兴棱子芹 Pleurospermum davidii |
| 27 | 伞辐近等长。 (28) | |
| 27 | 伞辐极不等长。 (30) | |
| 28 | 植株常带紫色，有奇臭味（产四川、云南、西藏）。 | 丽江棱子芹 Pleurospermum foetens |
| 28 | 植株无特殊气味。 (29) | |
| 29 | 叶的末回裂片线形，长仅3-5毫米，宽1-1.5毫米（产云南）。 | 线裂棱子芹 Pleurospermum linearilobum |
| 29 | 叶的末回裂片菱状卵形，长达1.5-5厘米（产陕西、湖北、四川、甘肃、宁夏、青海）。 | 鸡冠棱子芹 Pleurospermum cristatum |
| 30 | 植株高8-20厘米，茎显著短缩（产四川）。 | 雅江棱子芹 Pleurospermum astandtioideum |
| 30 | 植株高30-50厘米，茎直伸。 (31) | |
| 31 | 茎粗壮，常带紫红色，全体有疣状突起；双悬果长5-6毫米（产四川）。 | 瘤果棱子芹 Pleurospermum wrightianum |
| 31 | 茎分枝稍纤细；双悬果长3-5毫米（产四川）。 | 康定棱子芹 Pleurospermum prattii |
| 1 | Plants of high altitudes, (3500–)4000–5000 m, short and squat 5–20(–40) cm; stems usually much reduced, often thickened, unbranched. | (2) |
| 1 + | Plants from varying altitudes and habitats, usually much larger (0.3–2 m), smaller specimens slender-stemmed. | (10) |
| 2 (1) | Bracteole apex acute, acuminate or obtuse. | (3) |
| 2 (1) + | Bracteole apex 1–2-pinnate/pinnatifid. | (5) |
| 3 (2) | Fruit wings narrow, crisped; calyx teeth lanceolate; rays thickened, particularly at the distal ends; pedicels flattened and winged. (1) | Pleurospermum nubigenum |
| 3 (2) + | Fruit wings narrow or broad, plane; calyx teeth triangular or obsolete; rays uniform thickness, pedicels terete. | (4) |
| 4 (3) | Petals white; fruit thinly winged; calyx teeth triangular; vittae 3 per furrow. (2) | Pleurospermum pulszkyi |
| 4 (3) + | Petals purple-red; fruit broadly winged; calyx teeth obsolete; vittae 2 per furrow. (3) | Pleurospermum lindleyanum |
| 5 (2) | Bracteole apex 2-pinnate/pinnatifid; ultimate leaf segments linear, 0.3–0.5 mm broad; pedicels flattened. (4) | Pleurospermum heterosciadium |
| 5 (2) + | Bracteole apex 1-pinnate/pinnatifid; ultimate leaf segments lanceolate, 0.5–5 mm broad; pedicels terete. | (6) |
| 6 (5) | Compact rosette, stemless; inflorescence densely capitate, subsessile; rays reduced, crowded; fruit wings broad and sinuate, not dentate. (5) | Pleurospermum hedinii |
| 6 (5) + | Stems usually distinct; inflorescences not densely capitate, usually distinctly pedunculate; rays not reduced, lax; fruit ribs prominent or irregularly dentate or sinuate winged. | (7) |
| 7 (6) | Umbels usually subsessile; rays very unequal; fruit tuberculate, wings irregularly dentate. (8) | Pleurospermum astrantioideum |
| 7 (6) + | Umbels distinctly pedunculate; rays subequal; if fruit winged then not tuberculate. | (8) |
| 8 (7) | Plants with strong unpleasant odor; rays 14–30; fruit wings irregularly dentate. (9) | Pleurospermum foetens |
| 8 (7) + | Plant without unpleasant odor; rays 5–15(–20); fruit ribs prominent to narrowly winged, wing margin entire. | (9) |
| 9 (8) | Leaves 1–2-pinnate, ultimate segments ovate or orbicular; fruit ribs all broadly winged. (6) | Pleurospermum stellatum |
| 9 (8) + | Leaves 2–3-pinnate, ultimate segments linear-lanceolate; fruit ribs prominent or narrowly sinuate- winged. (7) | Pleurospermum nanum |
| 10 (1) | Large, often robust plants, (0.5–)0.8–2 m, rarely shorter. | (11) |
| 10 (1) + | Small, slender plants, 20–40(–50) cm rarely taller. | (23) |
| 11 (10) | Leaflets of lower leaves broadly ovate, regularly serrate, base truncate or cordate. | (12) |
| 11 (10) + | Leaflets of lower leaves variously lobed and dissected, often pinnatifid, not broadly ovate, bases usually cuneate to decurrent. | (13) |
| 12 (11) | Umbels 8–10 cm across; rays 15–20, 4–7 cm; fruit 8–10 × 4–6 mm. (10) | Pleurospermum rivulorum |
| 12 (11) + | Umbels 2–4 cm across; rays 6–8(–15), 0.6–2 cm; fruit 7–8 × 3–4 mm. (11) | Pleurospermum rotundatum |
| 13 (11) | Plants usually very robust, thick-stemmed (except P. stylosum); umbels (7–)12–28 cm across; rays (15–)25–40. | (14) |
| 13 (11) + | Plants less robust, slender-stemmed; umbels 3–15 cm across; rays 7–28. | (16) |
| 14 (13) | Rays 15–35; fruit 4–6 mm; ribs sinuate-winged (Xinjiang). (12) | Pleurospermum stylosum |
| 14 (13) + | Rays 20–40(–60); fruit 6–10 mm; ribs cristate- or plane-winged. | (15) |
| 15 (14) | Ultimate leaf segments pinnatifid, lobes linear; calyx teeth conspicuous, triangular-ovate; fruit wings thick, cristate (NW China). (13) | Pleurospermum uralense |
| 15 (14) + | Ultimate leaf segments coarsely dentate, lobes ovate; calyx teeth obsolete; fruit wings thin, broad and plane (SW China). (14) | Pleurospermum aromaticum |
| 16 (13) | Petioles of upper leaves expanded into auriculate sheaths; fruit oblong, 8–15 mm. | (17) |
| 16 (13) + | Petioles of upper leaves expanded or not, but not auriculate; fruit ovate to oblong-ovate, 3.5–8(–10) mm. | (18) |
| 17 (16) | Leaves irregularly serrate; bracteoles ca. 5 mm broad; seed face deeply concave. (15) | Pleurospermum angelicoides |
| 17 (16) + | Leaves regularly crenate; bracteoles ca. 1 mm broad; seed face slightly concave. (16) | Pleurospermum longicarpum |
| 18 (16) | Leaves 2–4-ternate/pinnate. | (19) |
| 18 (16) + | Leaves 1–2-ternate/pinnate (3–5-partite to 2-ternate). | (20) |
| 19 (18) | Leaves with narrow ultimate segments 2–5 mm broad, hirtellous along the margins, lobes round, obtuse; primary umbel overtopped by laterals; bracteoles oblong to obovate, entire to 3-lobed at apex, lobes obtuse; petals white; fruit 4–5 mm. (19) | Pleurospermum franchetianum |
| 19 (18) + | Leaves with ultimate segments 0.3–1 mm broad, margin glabrous, lobes lacerate, acute; primary umbel not overtopped by laterals; bracteoles oblanceolate, 3-lobed to pinnate/pinnatifid at apex, apex acute; petals white to pink; fruit 6–10 mm. (20) | Pleurospermum benthamii |
| 20 (18) | Leaves 3–5-partite (sometimes to 2-ternate). | (21) |
| 20 (18) + | Leaves 2-ternate/pinnate. | (22) |
| 21 (20) | Leaves 3–5-partite (sometimes to 2-ternate); leaf bases and veins with coarse white hairs reminiscent of those of Heracleum; rays 2–4 cm; petals white. (17) | Pleurospermum heracleifolium |
| 21 (20) + | Leaves always 3-partite, without white hairs; rays 5–6 cm; petals pink. (18) | Pleurospermum macrochlaenum |
| 22 (20) | Rays 10–18, 2–7 cm; bracteoles lanceolate, acute or 3-lobed; fruit smooth, wings sinuate but not irregularly dentate. (21) | Pleurospermum decurrens |
| 22 (20) + | Rays 7–13. 1–2.5 cm; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, entire; fruits tuberculate with irregularly dentate wings. (22) | Pleurospermum cristatum |
| 23 (10) | Petiole wings greatly expanded, white with purple veining, upper leaves and bracts enveloping the inflorescence. (23) | Pleurospermum amabile |
| 23 (10) + | Petiole wings not greatly expanded, not purple veined. | (24) |
| 24 (23) | Leaves 1-pinnate to 2-pinnatifid; rays 2–4; bracteoles broadly ovate, entire. (24) | Pleurospermum bicolor |
| 24 (23) + | Leaves 2–4-ternate/pinnate; rays (4–)6–25; bracteoles entire or more usually pinnatifid at apex. | (25) |
| 25 (24) | Stems, petioles and leaf rachis conspicuously white pubescent. (26) | Pleurospermum pilosum |
| 25 (24) + | Plants essentially glabrous, bases of umbels and/or petioles sometimes puberulent. | (26) |
| 26 (25) | Calyx teeth conspicuous, triangular to lanceolate. | (27) |
| 26 (25) + | Calyx teeth obsolete or minute. | (34) |
| 27 (26) | Ultimate leaf segments 5–20 mm broad, irregularly serrate or incised. (25) | Pleurospermum yunnanense |
| 27 (26) + | Ultimate leaf segments finely dissected, 1–8(–10) mm broad. | (28) |
| 28 (27) | Calyx teeth linear-lanceolate; sheaths of upper leaves and bracts broadly auriculate; bracteoles silvery white with a narrow green midrib, apex acuminate to 3-lobed. (27) | Pleurospermum album |
| 28 (27) + | Calyx teeth triangular or rounded; leaf sheaths somewhat expanded but not auriculate; bracteoles usually white margined, but not conspicuously silvery white, apex usually pinnatifid. | (29) |
| 29 (28) | Rays 4–7, very unequal; bracteoles entire, apex acuminate. (29) | Pleurospermum rupestre |
| 29 (28) + | Rays (6–)8–20(–30), subequal (but see P. szechenyii); bracteole apex pinnatifid (rarely acuminate). | (30) |
| 30 (29) | Rays (15–)20–30. | (31) |
| 30 (29) + | Rays 6–12(–15). | (32) |
| 31 (30) | Plant without unpleasant odor when crushed; rays very unequal; fruit wings broad, sinuate but not dentate. (30) | Pleurospermum szechenyii |
| 31 (30) + | Plant with a strong unpleasant odor when crushed; rays subequal; fruit wings broad, irregularly dentate. (9) | Pleurospermum foetens |
| 32 (30) | Leaf blades oblong-lanceolate in outline, approaching 2–3-ternate/pinnate; fruit wings broad, sinuate. (31) | Pleurospermum wilsonii |
| 32 (30) + | Leaf blades broadly ovate in outline, 3–4-ternate/pinnate; fruit ribs prominent to winged, but not sinuate. | (33) |
| 33 (32) | Ultimate leaf segments ca. 2 mm; calyx teeth ca. 1 mm, green. (32) | Pleurospermum hookeri |
| 33 (32) + | Ultimate leaf segments 3–5 mm; calyx teeth ca. 0.3 mm, dark purple. (33) | Pleurospermum tsekuense |
| 34 (26) | Rays 5–9(–11); bracts and bracteoles entire, acuminate. | (35) |
| 34 (26) + | Rays (9–)11–25; bracts and bracteoles pinnate/pinnatifid at apex, rarely acuminate. | (36) |
| 35 (34) | Stems and leaf sheaths purple-red, rays subequal; bracteoles broad, longer than the flowers. (35) | Pleurospermum apiolens |
| 35 (34) + | Stems and leaf sheaths green, rays very unequal; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, shorter than the pedicels. (28) | Pleurospermum simplex |
| 36 (34) | Larger plants, 30–60 cm; rays 10–25; fruit wings broad, sinuate or irregularly cristate/dentate. | (37) |
| 36 (34) + | Small slender plants, 20–35(–45) cm; rays 9–15; fruit ribs prominent to narrowly winged, but not sinuate or dentate. | (38) |
| 37 (36) | Rays subequal; fruit wings sinuate. (37) | Pleurospermum linearilobum |
| 37 (36) + | Rays very unequal; fruit wings irregularly cristate/dentate. (39) | Pleurospermum wrightianum |
| 38 (36) | Rays 1.5–2.5 cm. (34) | Pleurospermum giraldii |
| 38 (36) + | Rays 4–12 cm. | (39) |
| 39 (38) | Stem branches often opposite or whorled; leaf rachis glabrous; ovary smooth. (36) | Pleurospermum handelii |
| 39 (38) + | Stem branches usually alternate; leaf rachis tuberculate on abaxial surface; ovary tuberculate. (38) | Pleurospermum calcareum |
二年生或多年生草本。根圆锥形，颈部常有残存叶鞘。茎圆柱形，上部有少数分枝。叶1—4回三出式羽状分裂，末回裂片线状披针形、狭卵形至心状卵形；叶柄基部扩大呈膜质叶鞘。复伞形花序顶生和侧生，总苞片全缘或呈羽状分裂，通常具白色膜质边缘；伞辐少数至多数；小总苞片全缘或羽状分裂，有白色膜质边缘；萼齿细小或不显著；花瓣白色或紫红色，倒卵形或长圆状倒卵形，顶端微凹，有内折小舌片；花柱基圆锥形或扁压。果实卵形或长圆形，稍背向扁压，果棱突，具全缘、波状至鸡冠状翅，棱槽内油管1，稀2—3，合生面油管2，稀4—6；胚乳腹面内凹。约40（80）种，分布于欧亚温带、东亚、亚洲北部和东欧地区。我国有34种2变种，集中分布于喜马拉雅山区至横断山区。云南产19种。中国西南至青藏高原外围的一些种，近来多有主张分为2—3个相近属的。
21．棱子芹属——Pleurospermum Hoffm.
Hoffm. Gen. Umbeli. ed. 1. P. 8. 1814. ——Hymenolaena DC. Prodr. 4: 244. 1830. ——Aulacospermum Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 4: 344. 1833. pro parte. ——Pterocyclus Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Walden Bot. 150. 1862.
多年生稀二年生草本。根茎粗壮，直伸或分叉，颈部常有残存的叶鞘。茎直立或有短缩茎，无毛或有毛。叶为1-4回羽状或三出式羽状分裂，末回裂片有缺刻状锯齿或条裂，叶柄基部常扩大呈膜质鞘状而抱茎。复伞形花序顶生或生自叶腋；伞辐多数或少数；总苞片全缘或呈叶状分裂，通常有白色膜质边缘；小总苞片多少有白色膜质边缘，顶端羽状分裂或全缘；萼齿明显或不明显；花瓣白色或带紫红色，长圆形至宽卵形，顶端常有内曲的小舌片，基部有爪；花柱基圆锥形或压扁。分生果卵形或长圆形，外果皮常疏松，果棱显著，锐尖，有时呈波状、鸡冠状或半翅状，棱槽中油管1，有时2-3，合生面2，有时4-6；心皮柄2裂至基部。种子背向压扁，胚乳腹面内凹。
约40种，主要分布于亚洲北部和欧洲东部，尤以喜马拉雅地区为多；我国有32种，2变种，产西南、西北至东北各省区。
本属模式种：欧洲棱子芹 P. austriacum (L.) Hoffm.
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