| 学名(拉丁名) | Murdannia |
| 中文名 | 水竹叶属 |
| 命名人 | Royle |
| 中文科名 | 鸭跖草科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Commelinaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Murdannia |
| 中文名 | 水竹叶属 |
| 中文科名 | 鸭跖草科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Commelinaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Murdannia |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Commelinaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Murdannia |
| 中文名 | 水竹叶属 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Commelinaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Murdannia |
| 中文名 | 水竹叶属 |
| 中文科名 | 鸭跖草科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Commelinaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Murdannia |
| 发表年份 | 1839(年) |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Commelinaceae |
| 1 | 退化雄蕊顶端戟状而不分裂；花1-5朵簇生于叶腋；植株具长而横走的根状茎；水生或沼生草本。 (2) | 水竹叶组 Sect. Pauciflorae |
| 1 | 退化雄蕊顶端3全裂；顶生圆锥花序，或多个聚伞花序集于鞘状总苞片内（在此情况下，花梗上有鞘状膜质小苞片）；多数不具长而横走的根状茎；陆生或湿地生。 (5) | |
| 2 | 叶片长卵形或卵状心形，宽超过8毫米。 (3) | |
| 2 | 叶片条状披针形，长（2）3-6厘米，宽5-8毫米。 (4) | |
| 3 | 叶片卵状心形或卵形；蒴果直径大于2.5毫米。 | 橙花水竹叶 Murdannia citrina |
| 3 | 叶片长卵形；蒴果细小，4-5×2毫米。 | 云南水竹叶 Murdannia yunnanensis |
| 4 | 蒴果长圆状三棱形，5-7×3-4毫米，两端稍钝，种子不扁；萼片长4-6毫米。 | 水竹叶 Murdannia triquetra |
| 4 | 蒴果长椭圆状，不明显三棱，8-10×2-3毫米，两端急尖；种子扁；萼片长6-10毫米。 | 疣草 Murdannia keisak |
| 5 | 叶全部基生，茎花葶状，无叶；根局部纺锤状加粗，密被长绒毛。葶花水竹叶 M. edulis (Stokes）Faden | 葶花组 Sect. Murdannia |
| 5 | 茎上多少有叶。 (6) | |
| 6 | 总苞片鞘状，无片状体，近等长，不短于5毫米，内有数至多个具单花的聚伞花序。 (7) | 鞘苞组 Sect. Vaginatae Faden |
| 6 | 总苞片不为鞘状，由下向上逐渐变短，聚伞花序非单花。 (9) | |
| 7 | 根不加粗；鞘状总苞片疏离，每支茎上仅2-3枚；蒴果每室仅有一颗种子。 | 细柄水竹叶 Murdannia vaginata |
| 7 | 根纺缍状加粗；鞘状总苞片较密，至少在顶端的彼此衔接；蒴果每室有多颗种子。 (8) | |
| 8 | 叶片长条形，宽不过6毫米；根长数厘米，中部纺锤状加粗；总苞片无毛。 | 少叶水竹叶 Murdannia medica |
| 8 | 叶片宽过1厘米；根短得多，大部长仅2厘米，近末端纺锤状加粗，也夹有不加粗而长的根；总苞片被长硬毛。 | 腺毛水竹叶 Murdannia spectabilis |
| 9 | 蒴果每室有种子3至多颗；花疏散，决不成头状。 (10) | 多籽组 Sect. Intermidiae |
| 9 | 蒴果每室仅有种子2枚；花在聚伞花序上密集，花序在花期成头状，果期头状或否；叶片多为禾叶状。 (15) | 双籽组 Sect. Terminatae |
| 10 | 茎直立，不在节上生根。 (11) | |
| 10 | 茎多少下部匍匐生根；植株具长而横走的根状茎。 (13) | |
| 11 | 主茎不发育，花序生于侧生的可育茎上；叶片宽，长椭圆形，宽（1.5）2-4.5厘米，边缘常有一条黄白色波状带；蒴果小，长5毫米。 | 宽叶水竹叶 Murdannia japonica |
| 11 | 主茎发育；叶片较窄，禾叶状至狭披针形，宽一般在1.5厘米以下，边缘无白色带；蒴果大，长6.5-15毫米。 (12) | |
| 12 | 蒴果大，长1.5厘米；叶片禾叶状，长40-50厘米；植株高近1米。 | 大果水竹叶 Murdannia macrocarpa |
| 12 | 蒴果小，长6.5-8毫米；叶片短，披针形至禾叶状，长5-15厘米；植株较矮，高15-60厘米。 | 紫背鹿衔草 Murdannia divergens |
| 13 | 蒴果小，长仅3-4毫米；茎细弱，大部分匍匐；叶片长卵形至披针形，长不过3.5厘米。 | 矮水竹叶 Murdannia spirata |
| 13 | 蒴果长5-7毫米；茎粗壮，仅下部或下半部匍匐；叶片披针形至卵状披针形，长5-12厘米。 (14) | |
| 14 | 蒴果每室有种子3枚；花序与茎顶部叶片近等长；叶片边缘平展，宽1-2厘米。 | 根茎水竹叶 Murdannia hookeri |
| 14 | 蒴果每室有种子7枚；花序远超出茎顶端叶子：叶片宽3-3.5厘米，边缘皱波状。 | 波缘水竹叶 Murdannia undulata |
| 15 | 种子有深的窝孔，有时孔浅，但又有白色瘤状突起；主茎可育，因而植株基部无成丛的基生叶；花梗纤细而伸直；叶鞘多数全面被长硬毛，有时仅一侧被毛。 | 裸花水竹叶 Murdannia nudiflora |
| 15 | 种子有其他种纹饰而无窝孔；主茎不育；节间短，其上的叶成丛；花梗在果期弯曲或伸直；叶鞘除少数外仅在沿口部一侧有长硬毛。 (16) | |
| 16 | 根须状而纤细，直径不过1毫米；茎常匍匐，下部节上生根；聚伞花序仅1-2个，少3个，花期头状，果期头状或近头状。 (17) | |
| 16 | 根粗壮，直径1-3毫米；茎直立或上升；聚伞花序在一个茎上常3至数个，集成圆锥花序，果期不成头状。 (18) | |
| 17 | 聚伞花序成紧密的头状；花梗果期强烈弯曲；苞片大而几乎宿存，长5-7毫米；基生叶大，长20-30厘米，宽1.2-1.8厘米。 | 大苞水竹叶 Murdannia bracteata |
| 17 | 聚伞花序近于头状，花梗果期稍弯曲；苞片早落，长4毫米；基生叶小，长5-15厘米，极个别达到30厘米，宽不过1厘米。 | 牛轭草 Murdannia loriformis |
| 18 | 根直径约1毫米；叶片宽4-5毫米；种子仅有辐射状条纹。 | 狭叶水竹叶 Murdannia kainantensis |
| 18 | 根直径长2-3毫米；叶片宽0.6-1.5厘米；种子有辐射状排列的白色瘤点。 (19) | |
| 19 | 蒴果长4-5毫米；萼片长约4毫米；叶鞘仅沿口部一侧有毛。 | 细竹篙草 Murdannia simplex |
| 19 | 蒴果长6-7毫米；萼片长5-6毫米；叶鞘遍布长柔毛，有时下部的叶鞘仅一侧被毛。 | 树头花 Murdannia stenothyrsa |
| 1 | Antherodes sagittate; flowers 1--5 in fascicles in leaf axils; plants aquatic or halophytic herbs, with elongate and horizontal rhizomes. | (2) |
| 1 + | Antherodes 3-sect; panicles terminal or cincinni numerous and aggregated in spathelike involucral bracts (in latter case pedicels with sheathlike, membranous bracteoles); plants terrestrial herbs, mostly without elongate and horizontal rhizomes. | (5) |
| 2 (1) | Leaf blade elliptic-ovate or ovate-cordate, more than 8 mm wide. | (3) |
| 2 (1) + | Leaf blade linear-lanceolate, (20--)30--60 × 5--8 mm. | (4) |
| 3 (2) | Leaf blade ovate-cordate or ovate; capsule more than 2.5 mm in diam. (2) | Murdannia citrina |
| 3 (2) + | Leaf blade ovate; capsule less than 2 mm in diam. (1) | Murdannia yunnanensis |
| 4 (2) | Capsule oblong, trigonous, 5--7 × 3--4 mm, subobtuse at both ends; seeds not flattened; sepals 4--6 mm (3) | Murdannia triquetra |
| 4 (2) + | Capsule long ellipsoid, obscurely trigonous, 8--10 × 2--3 mm, acute at both ends; seeds flattened; sepals 6--10 mm (4) | Murdannia keisak |
| 5 (1) | Stems scapiform, leafless; leaves all basal; roots fusiform thickened, densely tomentose (8) | Murdannia edulis |
| 5 (1) + | Stems ± leafy. | (6) |
| 6 (5) | Involucral bracts sheathlike, bladeless, subequal, more than 5 mm, with several to numerous 1-flowered cymes. | (7) |
| 6 (5) + | Involucral bracts not sheathlike, distal ones gradually becoming shorter, cymes not 1-flowered. | (9) |
| 7 (6) | Roots not thickened; sheathlike involucral bracts distant, only 2 or 3 on each stem; capsule with 1 seed per valve (7) | Murdannia vaginata |
| 7 (6) + | Roots fusiform thickened; sheathlike involucral bracts dense, at least apical ones connate; capsule with several seeds per valve. | (8) |
| 8 (7) | Leaf blade linear, less than 6 mm wide; roots more than 4 cm, fusiform thickened in middle; involucral bracts glabrous (5) | Murdannia medica |
| 8 (7) + | Leaf blade more than 10 mm wide; roots much shorter, mostly only ca. 2 cm, fusiform thickened near apex, sometimes not thickened; involucral bracts hirsute (6) | Murdannia spectabilis |
| 9 (6) | Valves 3- to numerous seeded; flowers distant, never in heads. | (10) |
| 9 (6) + | Valves 2-seeded; flowers dense; cincinni capitate at anthesis, capitate or not in fruit; leaf blade linear. | (15) |
| 10 (9) | Stems erect, not rooting at nodes; plants without elongate rhizomes. | (11) |
| 10 (9) + | Stems ± prostrate proximally; plants with long, horizontal rhizomes. | (13) |
| 11 (10) | Main stem abortive (inflorescences borne on lateral stems); leaf blade narrowly elliptic, (1.5--)2--4.5 cm wide, often with a yellowish white, undulate band at margin; capsule ca. 5 mm (10) | Murdannia japonica |
| 11 (10) + | Main stem developed; leaf blade narrower, linear to narrowly lanceolate, usually less than 1.5 cm wide, without white, undulate band at margin; capsule 6.5--15 mm. | (12) |
| 12 (11) | Capsule 15--17 mm; leaf blade 40--50 cm; plants to 1 m tall (9) | Murdannia macrocarpa |
| 12 (11) + | Capsule 6.5--8 mm; leaf blade 5--15 cm; plants 15--60 cm tall (11) | Murdannia divergens |
| 13 (10) | Capsule 3--4 mm; stems slender, creeping for greater part; leaf blade long ovate to lanceolate, less than 3.5 cm (13) | Murdannia spirata |
| 13 (10) + | Capsule 5--7 mm; stems robust, creeping only proximally; leaf blade lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 5--12 cm. | (14) |
| 14 (13) | Valves ca. 3-seeded; inflorescences nearly as long as distal leaves; leaf blade 1--2.2 cm wide, with straight margin (14) | Murdannia hookeri |
| 14 (13) + | Valves ca. 7-seeded; inflorescences much exceeding distal leaves; leaf blade 3--3.5 cm wide, undulate at margin (12) | Murdannia undulata |
| 15 (9) | Seeds pitted, or shallowly pitted and white verrucose; main stem developed; pedicels thin but straight; most leaf sheaths hirsute throughout, sometimes hirsute on 1 side only (15) | Murdannia nudiflora |
| 15 (9) + | Seeds not pitted but with other kinds of sculpturing; main stems abortive, with rosulate leaves; pedicels curved or straight; leaf sheaths mostly hirsute only on mouth side. | (16) |
| 16 (15) | Roots slender, fibrous, less than 1 mm in diam.; stems often creeping, rooting at proximal nodes; cincinni only 1 or 2(or 3), capitate at anthesis, capitate or nearly so in fruit. | (17) |
| 16 (15) + | Roots robust, 1--3 mm in diam.; stems erect or ascending; cincinni often 3 or more, forming panicles, never capitate in fruit. | (18) |
| 17 (16) | Cincinni densely capitate; pedicels strongly curved in fruit; bracts 5--7 mm, sub-persistent; basal leaves 20--30 × 1.2--1.8 cm (17) | Murdannia bracteata |
| 17 (16) + | Cincinni subcapitate; pedicels slightly curved in fruit; bracts ca. 4 mm, caducous; basal leaves 5--15(--30) × 0.6--0.9 cm (16) | Murdannia loriformis |
| 18 (16) | Roots ca. 1 mm in diam.; basal leaf blades 3--5 mm wide; seeds radiate striate (20) | Murdannia kainantensis |
| 18 (16) + | Roots 2--3 mm in diam.; basal leaf blades 0.6--1.5 cm wide; seeds white radiate verrucose. | (19) |
| 19 (18) | Capsule 4--5 mm; sepals ca. 4 mm; leaf sheaths hirsute only on 1 side (18) | Murdannia simplex |
| 19 (18) + | Capsule 6--7 mm; sepals 5--6 mm; leaf sheaths villous throughout, sometimes proximal ones hairy only on 1 side (19) | Murdannia stenothyrsa |
多年生直立或匍匐状草本，有时有纺垂状的根；茎通常分枝。叶互生，线形或线状披针形、长圆状披针形。 花小，有苞片，单生或数个排成顶生或腋生圆锥花序；萼片3枚，分离，膜质；花瓣3，大小近相等；发育雄蕊3枚，对着萼片，有时其中1枚不发育；花丝无毛或有毛，花药长圆形；退化雄蕊3枚（稀2、1或没有），对着花瓣，顶端钝而不裂或3全裂；子房无柄，3室。蒴果卵形或圆球形，3瓣裂，每室有种子2至数粒，排成1或2列；种子粗糙或有窝孔。约40种，分布于亚洲、非洲、大洋洲及美洲热带和亚洲热带地区；我国现有18种，分布于东南至西南部，南部尤多；云南现有14种。
7.水竹叶属Murdannia Royle
Royle, Illustr. Bot. Himal. 403. tab. 95. fig. 3. 1839; Bruckn. in Engl. et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 15a: 173. 1930; J. K. Morton in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 59 (380) : 431. 1966; Hong in Act. Phytotax. Sin. 12 (4) : 467. 1974.——Aneilema R. Br. Prodr. 27. 1810, p. p. ——Prionostachys Hassk. in Flora 49: 212. 1866.——Dichaespermum Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 29. tab. 2068. 1853. ——Baoulia A. Chev. in Bull. Soc. France 58: 217, 1912.——Phaeneilema Bruckn. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 61. Nr. 137: 63. 1926.
多年生（少一年生）草本，通常具狭长、带状的叶子，许多种的主茎不育而叶密集呈莲座状，许多种的根纺锤状加粗。茎花葶状或否。蝎尾状聚伞花序单生或复出而组成圆锥花序，有时缩短为头状，有时退化为单花；萼片3枚，浅舟状；花瓣3枚，分离，近于相等；能育雄蕊3枚，对萼，有时其中1枚（更稀2枚）败育；退化雄蕊3枚（稀仅2枚、1枚或无），对瓣，顶端钝而不裂，戟状2浅裂或3全裂，花丝有毛或无毛；子房3室，每室有胚珠1至数颗。蒴果3室，室背3爿裂，每室有种子2至数颗，极少一颗，排成1或2列。种脐点状，胚盖位于背侧面，具各式纹饰。
全属共约40种，广布于全球热带及亚热带地区。我国有20种，大多数产南方，个别种达到长江以北。
模式种：Murdannia edulis (Stokes) Faden (＝M. scapiflora (Roxb. ) Royle)
本属从Aneilema中分出，现在为多数人所接受。狭义的Aneilema的特征是：前面一枚花瓣较狭小；雄蕊仅前面2枚对萼的能育，对瓣的一枚败育，退化雄蕊2枚，位于后方，对瓣，顶端2全裂；蒴果仅2室，2爿裂，后方一室不发育，不开裂，无籽或有1枚不育的种子。仅产于非洲和大洋洲热带。
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