学名(拉丁名) | Mallotus philippensis |
中文名 | 粗糠柴 |
命名人 | (Lam.) Muell.-Arg. |
中文科名 | 大戟科 |
拉丁属名 | Mallotus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
中文属名 | 野桐属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Mallotus philippensis |
中文名 | 粗糠柴 |
中文科名 | 大戟科 |
拉丁属名 | Mallotus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
中文属名 | 野桐属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Mallotus philippensis |
命名人 | (Lam.) Müll.Arg. (accepted name) |
拉丁属名 | Mallotus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Mallotus philippensis |
命名人 | (Lam.) Müll.Arg. |
发表年份 | 1865(年) |
拉丁属名 | Mallotus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Mallotus philippensis |
中文名 | 粗糠柴 |
拉丁属名 | Mallotus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Mallotus philippensis |
发表年份 | 1865(年) |
拉丁属名 | Mallotus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Mallotus philippensis |
拉丁属名 | Mallotus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
---|---|---|---|
Aconceveibum trinerve | Synonym | The Plant List | Miq. |
Croton distans | Synonym | The Plant List | Wall. |
Croton montanus | Synonym | The Plant List | Willd. |
Croton punctatus | Synonym | The Plant List | Retz. |
Echinus philippinensis | Synonym | The Plant List | Baill. |
Euonymus hypoglaucus | Synonym | The Plant List | H. Lév. |
Euonymus hypoleucus | Synonym | The Plant List | H.Lév. |
Mallotus bicarpellatus | Synonym | The Plant List | T.Kuros. |
Mallotus philippensis var. reticulatus | Synonym | The Plant List | (Dunn) F.P.Metcalf |
Mallotus philippinensis var. reticulatus | Synonym | The Plant List | (Dunn) F.P. Metcalf |
Mappa stricta | Synonym | The Plant List | Rchb.f. & Zoll. |
Rottlera affinis | Synonym | The Plant List | Hassk. |
Rottlera aurantiaca | Synonym | The Plant List | Hook. & Arn. |
Rottlera philippensis | Synonym | The Plant List | (Lam.) Scheff. |
Croton coccineus | Synonym | The Plant List | Vahl |
Rottlera tinctoria var. monstruosa | Synonym | The Plant List | Ham. ex Dillwyn |
Tanarius strictus | Synonym | The Plant List | (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Kuntze |
Croton philippensis | Synonym | The Plant List | Lam. |
Echinus philippensis | Synonym | The Plant List | (Lam.) Baill. |
Macaranga stricta | Synonym | The Plant List | (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg. |
Mallotus philippensis var. philippensis | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Mallotus philippensis var. tomentosus | Synonym | The Plant List | Gamble |
Mallotus reticulatus | Synonym | The Plant List | Dunn |
Rottlera tinctoria | Synonym | The Plant List | Roxb. |
1 | Leaf blade ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, leathery, margin subentire, abaxially tomentulose; capsule crimson glandular-scaly. (10) | a var. philippensis |
1 + | Leaf blade elliptic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, thinly leathery, margin repand-dentate, abaxially tomentose, veins elevated; capsule red glandular-scaly. (10) | b var. reticulatus |
小乔木或灌木,高2-10米,小枝具棱;小枝、嫩叶和花序均密被黄褐色星状微柔毛。叶互生,或有时近小枝顶部的对生,纸质至薄革质,卵状披针形、长圆形或卵形,长5-19厘米,宽3-10厘米,先端渐尖,基部楔形、阔楔形或圆形,边近全缘,上面无毛,下面被灰黄色星状微柔毛,叶脉上具柔毛,散生红色颗粒状腺体;基出脉3条,侧脉4-6对;近基部有褐色斑状腺体2-4枚;叶柄长2-5(-9)厘米,被星状微柔毛。花雌雄异株,花序总状,顶生或腋生,单个或数个簇生;雄花序长5-12厘米,苞片卵形,长约1毫米,雄花1-5朵簇生于苞腋;雄花:花梗长1-3毫米,花萼裂片3-4枚,长圆形,长约2毫米,密被星状微柔毛,具红色颗粒状腺体;雄蕊15-30,药隔稍宽,具红色颗粒状腺体;雌花序长3-8厘米,果时长达16厘米,苞片卵形,长约1毫米;雌花:花梗长1-2毫米;花萼裂片3-5,卵状披针形,外面密被星状微柔毛,长约3毫米;子房被毛,花柱3,长3-4毫米,柱头内面密生羽毛状突起,外面具红色颗粒状腺体。蒴果扁球形,直径8-10毫米,具(2-)3(-4)个分果爿,密被红色颗粒状腺体和粉末状毛;种子卵形或球形,直径3-4毫米,黑色,具光泽。花果期几全年。
产富宁、砚山、广南、文山、西畴、马关、麻栗坡、鲁甸、师宗、绿春、金平、河口、屏边、建水、蒙自、景洪、勐腊、勐海、永胜、新平、元江、华宁、峨山、玉溪、楚雄、双柏、沧源、耿马、景东、富民、凤庆、弥勒、潞西、孟连、临沧、腾冲、泸水、福贡;生于海拔200-2000米的山地林中或林缘。分布于贵州、广西、广东、海南、江西、湖南、湖北、安徽、福建、江苏、浙江、台湾。亚洲南部和东南部、大洋洲热带地区也有。
Shrubs or small trees, 2-15 m tall. Branchlets, petiole, and inflorescences yellow-brownish stellate-tomentose. Stipules small, ca. 1 mm; petiole 2-9 cm; leaf blade ovate to lanceolate, 5-20 × 3-6 cm, leathery, adaxially glabrescent, abaxially gray-yellow tomentulose and sparsely red glandular-scaly, base cuneate or obtuse, with 2-4 basal glands, margin subentire, apex acuminate; basal veins 3. Male inflorescences unbranched, 5-10 cm; bracts triangular, ca. 1 mm. Male flowers 1-5-fascicled; pedicel 1-2 mm; calyx lobes 3 or 4, oblong, ca. 2 mm, tomentulose; stamens 15-30. Female inflorescences 3-8 cm, 10-15 cm in fruit; bracts triangular, ca. 1 mm. Female flowers: pedicel ca. 2 mm; calyx lobes 3-5, subovate, ca. 3 mm, tomentose; ovary tomentose and red glandular-scaly; styles 3, 3-4 mm, plumose. Capsule subglobose, 8-10 mm in diam., (2 or)3-locular, covered with a red glandular-scaly layer. Seeds subglobose, ca. 4 mm in diam., black. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Jun-Aug.
Mountain slopes or valleys, limestone hills or river valleys, forests; 300-1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia].
14.粗糠柴(中国树木分类学)香檀(别称),香桂树(四川),香楸藤(江西),菲岛桐,红果果
Mallotus philippensis (Lam) Muell. Arg. (corn Merr.) in Linnaea 34: 196. 1865, et in DC. Prod, 15 (2): 980. 1866; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 442. 1887; Forb. et HemsL in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 440: 1894; Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 20: 43, t. 3, h. 1904; Levl. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 165. 1914; Pax et Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 63 (IV. 147. VII): 184, f. 27. 1914; Hutch. in Sargent. Pl. Wils. 2: 526. 1916; Gagnep. in Lec. Fl. Gen. Indo——Chine 5: 362. 1925; Hand. ——Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 215. 1931; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 14: 233. 1933;陈嵘, 中国树木分类学620,图517. 1937; 广州植物志278. 1956; 海南植物志2: 155. 1965; Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 21: 392. 1968, et 26: 300. 1972; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 601, 图2932. 1972; Lauener in Not. Roy Bot. Gard. Edinb. 40: 483. 1983. ——Croton philippensis Lam. Encycl. Meth. But. 2: 206. 1786.——Rottlera tinctorla Roxb. Pl. Corom. 2: 36, t. 168. 1798, et Fl. Ind. 3: 827. 1832; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 307. 1861.——Evonymus by poglaucus Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 13: 260. 1914.
14a.粗糠柴(原变种)图版8:7
Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell. Arg. var. philippensis
小乔木或灌木,高2-18米;小枝、嫩叶和花序均密被黄褐色短星状柔毛。叶互生或有时小枝顶部的对生,近革质,卵形、长圆形或卵状披针形,长5-18(-22)厘米,宽3-6厘米,顶端渐尖,基部圆形或楔形,边近全缘,上面无毛,下面被灰黄色星状短绒毛,叶脉上具长柔毛,散生红色颗粒状腺体;基出脉3条,侧脉4-6对;近基部有褐色斑状腺体2-4个;叶柄长2-5 (-9)厘米,两端稍增粗,被星状毛。花雌雄异株,花序总状,顶生或腋生,单生或数个簇生;雄花序长5-10厘米,苞片卵形,长约1毫米,雄花1-5朵簇生于苞腋,花梗长1-2毫米;雄花:花萼裂片3-4枚,长圆形,长约2毫米,密被星状毛,具红色颗粒状腺体;雄蕊15-30枚,药隔稍宽。雌花序长3-8厘米,果序长达16厘米,苞片卵形,长约1毫米;雌花:花梗长1-2毫米;花萼裂片3-5枚,卵状披针形,外面密被星状毛,长约3毫米;子房被毛,花柱2-3枚,长3-4毫米,柱头密生羽毛状突起。蒴果扁球形,直径6-8毫米,具2 (-3)个分果爿,密被红色颗粒状腺体和粉末状毛;种子卵形或球形,黑色,具光泽。花期4-5月,果期5-8月。
产于四川、云南、贵州、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏、浙江、福建、台湾、湖南、广东、广西和海南。生于海拔300-1 600米山地林中或林缘。分布于亚洲南部和东南部、大洋洲热带区。
木材淡黄色,为家具等用材;树皮可提取栲胶;种子的油可作工业用油;果实的红色颗粒状腺体有时可作染粒,但有毒,不能食用。
14b.孟连野桐(植物分类学报)(变种)
Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell. Arg. var. menglianensis C. Y. Wu ex S. M. Hwang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 294. 1985.
本变种的果较大,扁球形,长6-8毫米,直径10-12毫米,具3个分果爿,无纵沟或沟不明显,果皮厚约1.5毫米,密被橙黄色颗粒状腺体。果期9-12月。
产于云南(西双版纳、孟连)。生于海拔1 400-1 600米密林中模式标本采自西双版纳。
Mallotus philippensis | |||
Family Name: | Euphorbiaceae | Genera name: | Mallotus |
Species name: | philippensis | Genera status: | |
NLR: | Comments: | ||
|
Sample Name: | Tuantian | Formation: | Mangbang |
Age: | Epoch (to): | Pliocene~ | |
Stage: | ~ | Contributer: | |
Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
locality name: | Tuantian | Province/State: | Yunnan |
Continents: | county: | Tengchong | |
country: | China | longitude-decimal degrees: | 98.63 |
latitude-decimal degrees: | 24.7 | elevation [m]: | |
Notes: | 1349 |
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
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Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
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Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
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Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
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Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
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新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
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第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
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全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
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上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |