生物全息数据库系统

基本信息

学名(拉丁名)	Mahonia
中文名	十大功劳属
命名人	Nuttall
中文科名	小檗科
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Berberidaceae

学名(拉丁名)	Mahonia
中文名	十大功劳属
中文科名	小檗科
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Berberidaceae

学名(拉丁名)	Mahonia
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Berberidaceae

学名(拉丁名)	Mahonia
中文名	十大功劳属
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Berberidaceae

学名(拉丁名)	Mahonia
中文名	十大功劳属
中文科名	小檗科
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Berberidaceae

学名(拉丁名)	Mahonia
发表年份	1818(年)
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Berberidaceae

学名(拉丁名)	Mahonia
类型	genus

名称状态

学名	状态	来源
Mahonia	接受名	The Plant List
Mahonia	接受名	云南植物志
Mahonia	接受名	中国植物志
Mahonia	接受名	Flora of China

下级分类单元

检索表

floraChina
foc

1	圆锥花序。 (2)
1	总状花序。 (4)
2	花瓣先端微凹；花梗长6-11毫米；苞片长2-3毫米；小叶边缘具4-11锯齿，胚珠5-6枚。	鹤庆十大功劳 Mahonia bracteolata
2	花瓣先端微缺或锐裂；花梗长2 . 5-3或13-24毫米；苞片长1-2或4.5-7毫米，小叶边缘具1-5锯齿；胚珠1-4。 (3)
3	花瓣先端微缺；花序长25-35厘米；小叶2-3对，背面被白粉；花梗长13-24毫米。	细柄十大功劳 Mahonia gracilipes
3	花瓣先端锐裂；花序长11-18厘米；小叶5-9对，背面无白粉；花梗长2.5-3毫米。	门隅十大功劳 Mahonia monyulensis
4	总状花序下部有时具分枝。 (5)
4	总状花序不分枝。 (7)
5	花瓣先端锐裂；小叶12-20对；胚珠2-3枚。	阿里山十大功劳 Mahonia oiwakensis
5	花瓣先端微缺；小叶4-9对；胚珠4-7枚。 (6)
6	苞片长于花梗；浆果倒卵形，宿存花柱长0．5毫米。	察隅十大功劳 Mahonia calamicaulis subsp. kingdon-wardiana
6	苞片短于花梗；浆果球形，宿存花柱长2-3毫米。	长柱十大功劳 Mahonia duclouxiana
7	花瓣先端全缘。 (8)
7	花瓣先端微缺或锐裂。 (10)
8	叶柄长3. 5-14厘米；小叶全缘或近顶部具1-3不明显锯齿。	沈氏十大功劳 Mahonia shenii
8	叶柄长0．5-2．5厘米；小叶边缘具粗锯齿。 (9)
9	小叶稀疏，不邻接，先端渐尖或尾状渐尖，叶缘每边具9-23粗锯齿，药隔不延伸，浆果球形。	独龙十大功劳 Mahonia taronensis
9	小叶邻接或覆瓦状接叠，先端急尖，叶缘每边具2-7刺锯齿，药隔延伸，浆果倒卵形。	靖西十大功劳 Mahonia subimbricata
10	叶柄长2.5-9厘米。 (11)
10	叶柄长2厘米以下或近无柄。 (16)
11	内萼片披针形或倒卵形；药隔延伸。 (12)
11	内萼片长圆形或椭圆形；药隔不延伸。 (13)
12	小叶近菱形或椭圆形，边缘每边具2-4刺锯齿；内萼片倒卵形。	短序十大功劳 Mahonia breviracema
12	小叶披针形，边缘每边具8-20刺齿，内萼片披针形。	刺齿十大功劳 Mahonia setosa
13	总状花序1-2个簇生；小叶卵形或卵状椭圆形。	鄂西十大功劳 Mahonia decipiens
13	总状花序4-10个簇生。 (14)
14	小叶2-3对，长圆状卵形或椭圆形，具短小叶柄。	景东十大功劳 Mahonia paucijuga
14	小叶2-9对，披针形至椭圆状披针形或卵状披针形，无小叶柄。 (15)
15	小叶2-5对；花梗与苞片等长；花瓣基部腺体显著。	十大功劳 Mahonia fortunei
15	小叶6-9对；花梗远长于苞片；花瓣基部腺体不显。	宽苞十大功劳(原亚种) Mahonia eurybracteata subsp. eurybracteata
16	小叶全缘。	小叶十大功劳 Mahonia microphylla
16	小叶边缘具齿。 (17)
17	小叶披针形，椭圆状披针形或卵状长圆形。 (18)
17	小叶长圆形、卵形、阔椭圆形或菱形。 (19)
18	小叶6-9对，边缘每边具3-9刺齿；花瓣基部具明显腺体。	安坪十大功劳 Mahonia eurybracteata subsp. Ganpinensis
18	小叶8-12对，边缘每边具35-65刺齿，花瓣基部无腺体。	细齿十大功劳 Mahonia leptodonta
19	小叶上面网脉明显隆起，边缘每边具3-11刺齿。	网脉十大功劳 Mahonia retinervis
19	小叶上面网脉扁平或不显，边缘每边具2-16牙齿。 (20)
20	小叶背面被白粉；浆果直径10-12毫米。	阔叶十大功劳 Mahonia bealei
20	小叶背面黄绿色，不被白粉；浆果直径10毫米以下。 (21)
21	苞片长于花梗。 (22)
21	苞片短于花梗或等长。 (25)
22	总状花序3-9个簇生，长5-9厘米；花瓣先端微缺。 (23)
22	总状花序8-15个簇生，长7-9厘米；花瓣先端锐裂。 (24)
23	总状花序5-9个簇生；药隔延伸；浆果不被白粉；小叶每边具4-7（-11）牙齿。	长苞十大功劳 Mahonia longibracteata
23	总状花序3-5个簇生；药隔不延伸；浆果被白粉；小叶每边具10-16牙齿。	峨眉十大功劳 Mahonia polydonta
24	药隔延伸，胚珠4-5枚。	尼泊尔十大功劳 Mahonia napaulensis
24	药隔不延伸；胚珠2枚。	宜章十大功劳 Mahonia cardiophylla
25	小叶边缘每边具1-2牙齿，先端尾状渐尖；胚珠2枚。	亮叶十大功劳 Mahonia nitens
25	小叶边缘每边具4-10牙齿。 (26)
26	小叶排列成密集的覆瓦状。 (27)
26	小叶彼此分离或有时邻接。 (28)
27	总状花序3-6个簇生，药隔延伸；小叶8-18对。	密叶十大功劳 Mahonia conferta
27	总状花序9-10个簇生；药隔不延伸；小叶5-6对。	遵义十大功劳 Mahonia imbricata
28	花梗短于苞片，药隔延伸，顶端突尖。	滇南十大功劳 Mahonia hancockiana
28	花梗长于苞片或等长；药隔不延伸，顶端平截。 (29)
29	浆果梨形，无宿存花柱；花瓣基部腺体不显。	小果十大功劳 Mahonia bodinieri
29	浆果球形或卵形，具短宿存花柱；花瓣基部腺体显著。 (30)
30	花梗与苞片等长或稍长。	长阳十大功劳 Mahonia sheridaniana
30	花梗明显长于苞片。 (31)
31	小叶4-6对，叶缘每边具2-4牙齿；花梗长6-7毫米；胚珠4-7。	台湾十大功劳 Mahonia japonica
31	小叶5-9对，叶缘每边具2-9刺锯齿；花梗长2.5-4毫米；胚珠2。	北江十大功劳 Mahonia fordii

1	Inflorescences panicles	(2)
1 +	Inflorescences racemes	(4)
2 (1)	Petals retuse; pedicels 6-11 mm, bracts 2-3 mm; teeth per upper leaflet 4-11; ovules 5 or 6. (1)	M. bracteolata
2 (1) +	Petals emarginate or incised; pedicels 2.5-3 mm or 13-24 mm, bracts 1-2 mm or 4.5-7 mm; teeth per upper leaflet 1-5; ovules 1-4	(3)
3 (2)	Petals emarginate; inflorescences 25-35 cm; leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, abaxially pruinose; pedicels 13-24 mm. (2)	M. gracilipes
3 (2) +	Petals incised; inflorescences 11-18 cm; leaflets 5-9 pairs, abaxially not pruinose; pedicels 2.5-3 mm. (3)	M. monyulensis
4 (1)	Inflorescence of branched racemes	(5)
4 (1) +	Inflorescence of unbranched racemes	(7)
5 (4)	Petals incised; leaflets 12-20 pairs; ovules 2 or 3. (4)	M. oiwakensis
5 (4) +	Petals emarginate; leaflets 4-9 pairs; ovules 4-7	(6)
6 (5)	Bracts longer than pedicels; fruit obovoid, style less than 0.5 mm; leaf blade basally cuneate. (5)	M. calamicaulis
6 (5) +	Bracts shorter than to slightly longer than pedicels; fruit globose, style 2-3 mm; leaf blade basally oblique, rounded. (6)	M. duclouxiana
7 (4)	Petals entire	(8)
7 (4) +	Petals emarginate or incised	(10)
8 (7)	Petioles 3.5-14 cm; leaflets entire or with 1-3 inconspicuous teeth near apex. (9)	M. shenii
8 (7) +	Petioles 0.5-2.5 cm; leaflets with teeth	(9)
9 (8)	Leaflets remote, not contiguous, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate, margin with 9-23 teeth on each side; anther connective not prolonged; fruit globose. (7)	M. taronensis
9 (8) +	Leaflets contiguous, apex acute, margin with 2-7 teeth on each side; anther connective prolonged; fruit obovoid. (8)	M. subimbricata
10 (7)	Leaves petiolate, petiole 2.5-9 cm	(11)
10 (7) +	Leaves subsessile or petiole less than 2 cm	(16)
11 (10)	Inner sepals lanceolate or obovate; anther connective prolonged	(12)
11 (10) +	Inner sepals oblong or elliptic; anther connective not prolonged	(13)
12 (11)	Leaflets subrhombic or elliptic, margin with 2-4 teeth on each side; inner sepals obovate. (10)	M. breviracema
12 (11) +	Leaflets lanceolate, margin 8-20-spinose-serrate on each side; inner sepals lanceolate. (11)	M. setosa
13 (11)	Inflorescence 1- or 2-fascicled racemes; leaflets ovate or ovate-elliptic, basally truncate. (12)	M. decipiens
13 (11) +	Inflorescence 4-10-fascicled racemes; leaflets basally cuneate	(14)
14 (13)	Leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, oblong-ovate or elliptic, shortly petiolate. (13)	M. paucijuga
14 (13) +	Leaflets 2-9 pairs, lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, sessile	(15)
15 (14)	Leaflets 2-5 pairs; pedicels ca. as long as bracts; glands of petals distinct. (14)	M. fortunei
15 (14) +	Leaflets 6-9 pairs; pedicels much longer than bracts; glands of petals distinct or sometimes indistinct. (15)	M. eurybracteata
16 (10)	Leaflets entire. (16)	M. microphylla
16 (10) +	Leaflets spinose-serrate	(17)
17 (16)	Leaflets lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate-oblong	(18)
17 (16) +	Leaflets oblong, ovate, broadly elliptic, or rhombic	(19)
18 (17)	Leaflets 6-9 pairs, margin 3-9-spinose-serrate on each side; base of petals with glands. (15)	M. eurybracteata
18 (17) +	Leaflets 8-12 pairs, margin 35-65-spinulose-serrulate on each side; base of petals without glands. (17)	M. leptodonta
19 (17)	Veins on adaxial surface of leaflets reticulate, obviously raised, margin of leaflets 2-11-spinose-serrate on each side. (18)	M. retinervis
19 (17) +	Veins on adaxial surface of leaflets reticulate, flat or inconspicuous, margin of leaflets 2-16-dentate on each side	(20)
20 (19)	Abaxial surface of leaflets pruinose; fruit 10-12 mm in diam. (19)	M. bealei
20 (19) +	Abaxial surface of leaflets yellowish green, not pruinose; fruit less than 10 mm in diam	(21)
21 (20)	Floral bracts longer than pedicels	(22)
21 (20) +	Floral bracts shorter than to ca. as long as pedicels	(25)
22 (21)	Racemes 3-9 per fascicle, 5-9 cm; apex of petals slightly emarginate	(23)
22 (21) +	Racemes 8-15 per fascicle, 7-19 cm; apex of petals incised	(24)
23 (22)	Racemes 5-9 per fascicle; fruit not pruinose; leaflets serrate, with 4-7(-11) teeth on each side. (20)	M. longibracteata
23 (22) +	Racemes 3-5 per fascicle; fruit pruinose; leaflets spinose-serrate, with 10-16 teeth on each side. (21)	M. polyodonta
24 (22)	Anther connective prolonged; ovules 2-6; leaf blade adaxially dark green and shiny. (22)	M. napaulensis
24 (22) +	Anther connective not prolonged; ovules 2; leaf blade adaxially green. (23)	M. cardiophylla
25 (21)	Margin of leaflets 1-3(-6)-dentate on each side. (24)	M. nitens
25 (21) +	Margin of leaflets 4-10-dentate on each side	(26)
26 (25)	Leaflets markedly overlapping	(27)
26 (25) +	Leaflets separate or sometimes contiguous	(28)
27 (26)	Inflorescence 3-6 racemes; anther connective prolonged; leaflets 8-18 pairs. (25)	M. conferta
27 (26) +	Inflorescence 9 or 10 racemes; anther connective not prolonged; leaflets 5-7 pairs. (26)	M. imbricata
28 (26)	Pedicels shorter than floral bracts; anther connective prolonged, rounded; petals 1.8-2 mm wide. (31)	M. hancockiana
28 (26) +	Pedicels longer than or ca. as long as floral bracts; anther connective not prolonged, truncate; petals 2-2.8 mm wide	(29)
29 (28)	Fruit globose or pyriform, style not persistent; petiolar glands indistinct; leaflets 8-13 pairs. (27)	M. bodinieri
29 (28) +	Fruit ovoid, obovoid, or ellipsoid, persistent style short; petiolar glands conspicuous; leaflets 4-9 pairs	(30)
30 (29)	Pedicels ca. as long as or slightly longer than floral bracts; leaf blade shiny, apically acute, cuspidate. (28)	M. sheridaniana
30 (29) +	Pedicels markedly longer than floral bracts; leaf blade apically acute or acuminate, sometimes aristate	(31)
31 (30)	Leaflets 4-6 pairs, margin 2-4-dentate on each side; pedicels 6-7 mm; ovules 4-7. (29)	M. japonica
31 (30) +	Leaflets 5-9 pairs, margin 2-9-spinose-serrate on each side; pedicels 2.5-4 mm; ovules 2. (30)	M. fordii

形态特征

常绿灌木或小乔木，无刺，顶芽具多数宿存鳞片。叶互生，奇数羽状复叶；近无柄或具短柄，基部具线状托叶；小叶边缘具刺齿或牙齿，通常无柄。总状花序成簇生状；花通常黄色，具柄，基部具小苞片；萼片（6—）9，3—2轮排列，不等大；花瓣6，2轮排列，先端通常微凹或2裂，基部具2枚腺体；雄蕊6，花药瓣裂；花粉与小檗属近似，其体积较小，外壁颗粒不匀而粗，孔的变异幅度为3—5；子房通常有少数具柄胚珠，基生。浆果，深蓝色。2n=28。约70—100余种，主产亚洲和美洲。我国有40—50余种，主要分布于贵州、四川、云南、西藏东南部。云南有15种4变种。本属植物含有阿朴啡类、原小檗碱类、双苄基异喹啉类。

3. 十大功劳属 Mahonia Nuttall

Nuttall Gen. Amer. Pl. 1: 211, n. 307, 1818. ——Odostemon Rafin. in Amer. Monthly Mag. 2: 265, 1817; et in Journ. Phys. 89: 259, 1819.

常绿灌木或小乔木，高0.3-8米。枝无刺。奇数羽状复叶，互生，无叶柄或具叶柄，叶柄长达14厘米；小叶3-41对，侧生小叶通常无叶柄或具小叶柄；小叶边缘具粗疏或细锯齿、或具牙齿，少有全缘。花序顶生，由(1-)3-18个簇生的总状花序或圆锥花序组成，长3-35厘米，基部具芽鳞；花梗长1.5-2.4毫米；苞片较花梗短或长；花黄色；萼片3轮，9枚；花瓣2轮，6枚，基部具2枚腺体或无；雄蕊6枚，花药瓣裂；子房含基生胚珠1-7枚，花柱极短或无花柱，柱头盾状。浆果，深蓝色至黑色。2n＝28。

属的模式种：Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nuttall

约60种，分布于东亚、东南亚、北美、中美和南美西部。中国约有35种，主要分布四川、云南、贵州和西藏东南部。

分布区域

标本分布记录
物种2000中文版

标本份数

地图

卫星

矢量图

国家省级市级县级

区系物种

亚地区地区亚区分布区

分布物种

Sample Name:	Aldrich Hill	Formation:	Aldrich Station
Age:		Epoch (to):	Miocene~
Stage:	~Early/Lower Clarendonian	Contributer:
Ecology:		Climate:

locality name:	Aldrich Hill	Province/State:	Nevada
Continents:		county:	Mineral
country:	United States	longitude-decimal degrees:	-118.897222
latitude-decimal degrees:	38.493889	elevation [m]:
Notes:	UCMP P3916

Aldrich Hill-Axelrod, 1956
title:	Mio-Pliocene floras from west-central Nevada
Year:	1956	Type:	journal
Volume:	33	Issue:
Pages:	1-321	Publisher:
Location of publisher:		General:
Authors:	D. I. Axelrod

Sample Name:	Berga bei Sangershausen	Formation:
Age:		Epoch (to):	Pliocene~
Stage:	Piacenzian~	Contributer:
Ecology:		Climate:

locality name:	Berga bei Sangershausen	Province/State:	Thuringia
Continents:	Europe	county:
country:	Germany	longitude-decimal degrees:	11.3
latitude-decimal degrees:	51.466667	elevation [m]:
Notes:	Bezirk Halle

Ca´Viettone(F)-Martinetto et al., 1997
title:	Fruit and seed floras rich in exotic and subtropical elements from two Lower Pliocene successions of Italy.
Year:	1997	Type:	journal
Volume:	58	Issue:
Pages:	237-244	Publisher:
Location of publisher:		General:
Authors:	Martinetto, E., Pavia, G. and Bertoldi, R