| 学名(拉丁名) | Isatis tinctoria |
| 中文名 | 欧洲菘蓝 |
| 命名人 | L. |
| 中文科名 | 十字花科 |
| 拉丁属名 | Isatis |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Cruciferae |
| 中文属名 | 菘蓝属 |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Isatis tinctoria |
| 中文名 | 欧洲菘蓝 |
| 中文科名 | 十字花科 |
| 拉丁属名 | Isatis |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Cruciferae |
| 中文属名 | 菘蓝属 |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Isatis tinctoria |
| 中文名 | 菘蓝 |
| 中文科名 | 十字花科 |
| 类型 | |
| 拉丁科名 | BRASSICACEAE |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Isatis tinctoria |
| 中文名 | 菘蓝 |
| 中文科名 | 十字花科 |
| 类型 | |
| 拉丁科名 | BRASSICACEAE |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Isatis tinctoria |
| 命名人 | L. (accepted name) |
| 拉丁属名 | Isatis |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Brassicaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Isatis tinctoria |
| 命名人 | L. |
| 发表年份 | 1753(年) |
| 拉丁属名 | Isatis |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Brassicaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Isatis tinctoria |
| 中文名 | 菘蓝 |
| 拉丁属名 | Isatis |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Brassicaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Isatis tinctoria |
| 中文名 | 菘蓝 |
| 中文科名 | 十字花科 |
| 拉丁属名 | Isatis |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Brassicaceae |
| 中文属名 | 菘蓝属 |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Isatis tinctoria |
| 发表年份 | 1753(年) |
| 拉丁属名 | Isatis |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Brassicaceae |
APG IV系统 |
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| 学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isatis bannatica | Synonym | The Plant List | Link |
| Isatis campestris | Synonym | The Plant List | Stev. ex DC. |
| Isatis ciesielskii | Synonym | The Plant List | Zapal. |
| Isatis japonica | Synonym | The Plant List | Miq. |
| Isatis koelzii | Synonym | The Plant List | Rech. f. |
| Isatis maeotica | Synonym | The Plant List | DC. |
| Isatis reticulata | Synonym | The Plant List | C.A. Mey. |
| Crucifera isatis | Synonym | The Plant List | E.H.L.Krause |
| Isatis taurica | Synonym | The Plant List | M.Bieb. |
| Isatis alpina | Synonym | The Plant List | Vill. |
| Isatis tinctoria subsp. campestris | Synonym | The Plant List | (Stev. ex DC.) Kulcz. |
| Isatis tinctoria var. canescens | Synonym | The Plant List | Gren. & Godr. |
| Isatis canescens | Synonym | The Plant List | DC. |
| Isatis tinctoria var. indigotica | Synonym | The Plant List | (Fortune ex Lindl.) T.Y.Cheo & Kuan |
| Isatis indigotica | Synonym | The Plant List | Fortune ex Lindl. |
| Isatis tinctoria subsp. oblongata | Synonym | The Plant List | (DC.) N. Busch |
| Isatis kamienskii | Synonym | The Plant List | Zapal. |
| Isatis tinctoria var. praecox | Synonym | The Plant List | (Kit. ex Tratt.) W.D.J. Koch |
| Isatis macrocarpa | Synonym | The Plant List | B. Fedtsch. ex Nikitina |
| Isatis tinctoria var. tinctoria | Synonym | The Plant List | |
| Isatis maritima | Synonym | The Plant List | Rupr. |
| Isatis tinctoria var. vulgaris | Synonym | The Plant List | W.D.J. Koch |
| Isatis oblongata var. yezoensis | Synonym | The Plant List | (Ohwi) Y.L.Chang |
| Isatis transsilvanica | Synonym | The Plant List | Simonk. |
| Isatis sibirica | Synonym | The Plant List | Trautv. |
| Isatis vermia | Synonym | The Plant List | Papan. |
| Isatis villarsii | Synonym | The Plant List | Gaudin |
| Isatis tinctoria subsp. athoa | Accepted | The Plant List | (Boiss.) Papan. |
| Isatis tinctoria subsp. canescens | Synonym | The Plant List | Malag. |
| Isatis tinctoria subsp. corymbosa | Accepted | The Plant List | (Boiss.) P.H.Davis |
| Isatis tinctoria subsp. koelzii | Synonym | The Plant List | Jafri |
| Isatis tinctoria subsp. tomentella | Accepted | The Plant List | (Boiss. & Balansa) P.H.Davis |
| Isatis tinctoria subsp. praecox | Synonym | The Plant List | (Kit. ex Tratt.) Domin & Podp. |
| Isatis tinctoria subsp. tinctoria | Synonym | The Plant List | |
| Isatis tinctoria var. yezoensis | Synonym | The Plant List | (Ohwi) Ohwi |
| Isatis yezoensis | Synonym | The Plant List | Ohwi |
二年生草本；主根直径5—8毫米，灰黄色。茎直立，高30—120厘米，带紫红色，被白色柔毛，多分枝，下部近圆柱形，上部近四棱形。基生叶莲座状，叶片长椭圆形白色柔毛，多分枝，下部近圆柱形，上部近四棱形。基生叶莲座状，叶片长椭圆形至长圆状倒披针形，长5—11厘米，宽2—3厘米，先端钝圆，基部楔形，边缘有浅齿，草质，上面灰绿色，下面带紫红色，中脉两面明显，叶柄长2—4厘米；茎生叶与基生叶同形，长6—13厘米，宽2—3厘米，基部叶耳多变化，锐尖或钝，半抱茎，全缘或有不明显锯齿，叶缘及背面中脉具柔毛。总状圆锥花序生于茎上部，十分宽大；花黄色，直径3—4毫米；萼片近圆形，长1—1.5毫米，先端钝圆，有膜质边缘；花瓣宽楔形至宽倒披针形，长3.5—4毫米，宽约1.5毫米，先端平截，基部渐狭，具爪；雄蕊长1.8—2毫米；雌蕊与雄蕊近等长。短角果宽楔形，长1—1.5厘米，宽3—4毫米，扁平，顶端平截，基部楔形，边缘有肥厚的翅，无毛；果梗纤细，长0.5—1厘米，下垂；种子长圆形，长3—4毫米，淡褐色。 花期5—6月，果期6—7月。
云南洱源、丽江引入栽培；全国其他省区亦有栽培。原产欧洲。
Isatis indigotica Fortune; I. oblongata de Candolle var. yezoensis (Ohwi) Y. L. Chang; I. tinctoria var. indigotica (Fortune) T. Y. Cheo & K. C. Kuan; I. tinctoria var. yezoensis (Ohwi) Ohwi; I. yezoensis Ohwi.
Herbs biennial, (30-)40-100(-150) cm tall. Stems branched above, glabrous and somewhat glaucous, or hirsute, often paniculately branched. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole 0.5-5.5 cm; leaf blade oblong or oblanceolate, (2.5-)5-15(-20) × (0.5-)1.5-3.5(-5) cm, base attenuate, margin entire, repand, or dentate, apex obtuse. Middle cauline leaves sessile; leaf blade oblong or lanceolate, rarely linear-oblong, (1.5-)3-7(-12) × (0.2-)0.8-2.5(-3.5) cm, base sagittate or auriculate and with acute or obtuse auricles, margin entire, apex acute. Fruiting pedicels slender, considerably thickened and subclavate at apex, 5-10 mm. Sepals oblong, 1.5-2.8 × 1-1.5 mm, glabrous. Petals yellow, oblanceolate, 2.5-4 × 0.9-1.5 mm, base attenuate, apex obtuse. Filaments 1-2.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.5-0.7 mm. Fruit black or dark brown when mature, oblong-oblanceolate, elliptic-obovate, or rarely oblong, (0.9-)1.1-2(-2.7) cm × 3-6(-10) mm, often broader above middle, glabrous or pubescent, winged all around, base cuneate, margin sometimes slightly constricted, apex subacute, rounded, or rarely subemarginate; locule 3-6(-10) mm, with a distinct midvein and inconspicuous lateral veins; apical wing 3.5-5(-7) mm wide. Seeds light brown, narrowly oblong, 2.3-3.5(-4.5) × 0.8-1 mm. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. May-Jul. 2n = 14, 28*.
Fields, pastures, roadsides, waste places; 600-2800 m. Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, Europe; naturalized elsewhere].
The above first record of Isatis tinctoria from Xizang is based on Falconer s.n. (K). Isatis tinctoria is a European and probably Asian species very polymorphic in fruit shape, shape and size of auricles of cauline leaves, and the amount of indumentum. It has been cultivated since ancient times as a source of a dark blue dye (woad) obtained by fermenting the leaves and lower portions of the plant. Glabrous forms with oblong fruit and poorly developed or obtuse leaf auricles have been recognized as I. indigotica. By contrast, glabrous or hairy forms with cuneiform or oblong-triangular fruit and well-developed, often acute leaf auricles are called I. tinctoria. However, every conceivable morphological intermediate between the two forms occurs in China, as well as elsewhere in Asia, Europe, and North America, where they are introduced and naturalized.
The roots and leaves are used for medicinal purposes and a source of dye, and the seed oil is used in industry.
2. 欧洲菘蓝
Isatis tinctoria L. Sp. Pl. 670. 1753; DC. Syst. 2: 569. 1821 et Prodr. 1: 211. 1824; Hook. f. et Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 178. 1861; Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 408. 1886; N. Busch in Kom. Fl. URSS 8: 212. 1939; T. Y. Cheo in Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 2 (3): 182. 1948; Jafri in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 22 (2): 110. 1956; Ball. T. G. Tutin et al. in Fl. Europ. 1: 269. 1964; Hedge in Rechinger, Fl. Iran. 57: 84. 1968; Jafri, Fl. West pakist. 55: 94. 1973.
2a. 欧洲菘蓝（原变种）
Isatis tinctoria L. var. tinctoria
二年生草本，高30-120厘米；茎直立，茎及基生叶背面带紫红色，上部多分枝，植株被白色柔毛（尤以幼苗为多），稍带白粉霜。基生叶莲座状，长椭圆形至长圆状倒披针形，长5-11厘米，宽2-3厘米，灰绿色，顶端钝圆，边缘有浅齿，具柄；茎生叶长6-13厘米，宽2-3厘米，基部耳状多变化，锐尖或钝，半抱茎，叶全缘或有不明显锯齿，叶缘及背面中脉具柔毛。萼片近长圆形，长1-1.5毫米；花瓣黄色，宽楔形至宽倒披针形，长3.5-4毫米，顶端平截，基部渐狭，具爪。短角果宽楔形，长1-1.5厘米，宽3-4毫米，顶端平截，基部楔形，无毛，果梗细长。种子长圆形，长3-4毫米，淡褐色。花期4-5月，果期5-6月。
原产欧洲；我国有引种栽培。
本种根、叶供药用，有清热解毒、凉血消斑、利咽止痛的功效。叶还可提取蓝色染料；种子榨油，供工业用。
2b. 毛果菘蓝（变种）
Isatis tinctoria L. var. praecox (Kit.) Koch. Syn. ed. 2. 81. 1843-45; Hegi, Illust. Fl. Mitteleur. 4 (1): 196. f. 776a. 1919; Nyarady in Fl. Reip. Popul. Roman. 3: 145. Pl. 21. f. 1. 1a-d. 1955. ——I. praecox Kit. in Tratt. Archiv. Gewachsk. 1: 40. 1812. excl. t. 68 et 68b; Ball. in T. G. Tutin et al. Fl. Europ. 1: 269. 1964. ——I. lasiocarpa Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 211. 1842; N. Busch in Kom. Fl. URSS 8: 219. 1939. ——I. costata Ledeb. f. lasiocarpa (Ledeb.) N. Busch, Fol Sibir. et Orient. Extr. 1: 161. 1913; 内蒙古植物志2: 298. 1978 (误为变种) 。
花直径2.5-3毫米；短角果倒卵状椭圆形，长7-14毫米，宽3-6毫米，长为宽的2-2.5倍，常有柔毛。花果期6-7月。
产新疆。生在山坡。欧洲、西伯利亚也有分布。
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