| 学名(拉丁名) | Hypericum ascyron |
| 中文名 | 黄海棠 |
| 命名人 | L. |
| 中文科名 | 藤黄科 |
| 拉丁属名 | Hypericum |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Guttiferae |
| 中文属名 | 金丝桃属 |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Hypericum ascyron |
| 中文名 | 黄海棠 |
| 中文科名 | 金丝桃科 |
| 拉丁属名 | Hypericum |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Hypericaceae |
| 中文属名 | 金丝桃属 |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Hypericum ascyron |
| 命名人 | L. (accepted name) |
| 拉丁属名 | Hypericum |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Hypericaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Hypericum ascyron |
| 命名人 | L. |
| 发表年份 | 1753(年) |
| 拉丁属名 | Hypericum |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Hypericaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Hypericum ascyron |
| 中文名 | 黄海棠 |
| 拉丁属名 | Hypericum |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Clusiaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Hypericum ascyron |
| 中文名 | 黄海棠 |
| 中文科名 | 藤黄科 |
| 拉丁属名 | Hypericum |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Clusiaceae |
| 中文属名 | 金丝桃属 |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Hypericum ascyron |
| 发表年份 | 1753(年) |
| 拉丁属名 | Hypericum |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Hypericaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Hypericum ascyron |
| 拉丁属名 | Hypericum |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Clusiaceae |
| 学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ascyrum sibiricum | Synonym | The Plant List | Poir. |
| Ascyrum tetragonum | Synonym | The Plant List | Moench |
| Hypericum ascyron var. adamii | Synonym | The Plant List | R.Keller |
| Hypericum ascyron f. angustifolium | Synonym | The Plant List | Y.Kimura |
| Hypericum ascyron var. giraldii | Synonym | The Plant List | R.Keller |
| Hypericum ascyron var. longistylum | Synonym | The Plant List | Maxim. |
| Hypericum ascyron var. macrosepalum | Synonym | The Plant List | Ledeb. |
| Hypericum ascyron var. micropetalum | Synonym | The Plant List | R.Keller |
| Hypericum ascyron var. umbellatum | Synonym | The Plant List | R.Keller |
| Hypericum ascyron var. vilmorinii | Synonym | The Plant List | Rehder |
| Hypericum ascyron f. vilmorinii | Synonym | The Plant List | (Rehder) Rehder |
| Hypericum baldaccii | Unresolved | The Plant List | R.Keller ex Bald. |
| Hypericum hemsleyanum | Synonym | The Plant List | H.Lév. & Vaniot |
| Hypericum kelleri | Synonym | The Plant List | H.Lév. |
| Hypericum longifolium | Synonym | The Plant List | H.Lév. |
| Hypericum sagittifolium | Synonym | The Plant List | Koidz. |
| Hypericum salicaria | Synonym | The Plant List | Rchb. |
| Hypericum scallanii | Synonym | The Plant List | R.Keller |
| Roscyna gmelinii | Synonym | The Plant List | Spach |
| Roscyna japonica | Synonym | The Plant List | Blume |
| Hypericum ascyron subsp. gebleri | Accepted | The Plant List | (Ledeb.) N.Robson |
| Hypericum ascyron subsp. pyramidatum | Accepted | The Plant List | (Aiton) N.Robson |
| Hypericum ascyron subsp. ascyron | Synonym | The Plant List | |
| Hypericum ascyron var. hupehense | Synonym | The Plant List | Pamp. |
| Hypericum yabei | Synonym | The Plant List | H.Lév. & Vaniot |
| 1 | Capsule ovoid to ovoid-pyramidal or ovoid-cylindric; sepals 6-13 mm wide, ovate to lanceolate or oblong or elliptic; styles 4-15 mm, 0.7-2 × as long as ovary, nearly free to up to 0.8 united; leaves 7-40 mm wide, base cordate to rounded. (35) | a subsp. ascyron |
| 1 + | Capsule cylindric-ellipsoid; sepals 1.5-7 mm wide, narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate; styles 2.5-3.5 mm, ca. 1/2 as long as ovary, free; leaves 4-15 mm wide, base usually cuneate. (35) | b subsp. gebleri |
多年生草本，高0.5—1.3米。茎直立或在基部上升，单一或数茎丛生，不分枝或上部具分枝，有时于叶腋抽出小枝条，茎及枝条幼时具4棱，后明显具4纵线棱。叶无柄，叶片披针形、长圆状披针形、或长圆状卵形至椭圆形、或狭长圆形，长（2—）4—10厘米，宽（0.4—）1—2.7（—3.5）厘米，先端渐尖，锐尖或钝形，基部楔形或心形而抱茎，全缘，坚纸质，上面绿色，下面通常淡绿色且散布淡色腺点，中脉、侧脉及近边缘脉下面明显，脉网较密。花序具1—35花，顶生，近伞房状至狭圆锥状，后者包括多数分枝。花直径（2.5—）3—8厘米，平展或外反；花蕾卵珠形，先端圆形或钝形；花梗长0.5—3厘米。萼片卵形或披针形至椭圆形或长圆形，长（3—）5—15（—25）毫米，宽1.5—7毫米，先端锐尖至钝形，全缘，结果时直立。花瓣金黄色，倒披针形，长1.5—4厘米，宽0.5—2厘米，十分弯曲，具腺斑或无腺斑，宿存。雄蕊极多数，5束，每束有雄蕊约30枚，花药金黄色，具松脂状腺点。子房宽卵珠形至狭卵珠状三角形，长4—7（—9）毫米，5室，具中央空腔；花柱5，长为子房的1/2至为其2倍，自基部或至上部4/5处分离。蒴果为或宽或狭的卵珠形或卵珠状三角形，长0.9—2.2厘米，宽0.5—1.2厘米，棕褐色，成熟后先端5裂，柱头常折落。种子棕色或黄褐色，圆柱形，微弯，长1—1.5毫米，有明显的龙骨状突起或狭翅和细的蜂窝纹。花期7—8月，果期8—9月。
产会泽、大关、永善、屏边、禄劝、洱源、中甸、贡山等地，生于海拔2100—2800米的山坡林下、林缘、灌丛间或草丛中、溪旁或河岸湿地等处；我国东北、内蒙古、甘肃、陕西、宁夏、河北、河南、山东、江苏、浙江、江西、安徽、湖北、湖南、福建、台湾、广东、广西、贵州及四川也有，前苏联（阿尔泰至堪察加及库页岛）、朝鲜、日本、越南北部、美国东北部及其近邻的加拿大有分布。
Herbs, perennial, 0.5-1.3(-2) m tall, erect or sometimes ascending from short creeping base; stems single or few, cespitose, unbranched or branched above or nearly throughout. Stems 4-angled when young, becoming 4-lined or occasionally internodes 2-lined below. Leaves sessile; blade lanceolate or ± narrowly ovate or oblong or elliptic to oblong-linear or oblanceolate, (3-)4-9.7(-12) × (0.4-)0.7-3.5(-4) cm, thickly papery, abaxially rather paler but not glaucous; laminar glands dense, unequal dots or short streaks; intramarginal glands dense; main lateral veins 4-7-paired, tertiary reticulation dense, often obscure; base cuneate to cordate-amplexicaul, apex acute to subapiculate or obtuse (or lowermost rarely rounded). Inflorescence 1- to ca. 35-flowered from 1-5 nodes, the whole nearly flat-topped to narrowly pyramidal, sometimes with flowering branches from up to 4 nodes below; bracts and bracteoles leaflike but smaller and often broader, more rarely linear-lanceolate and deciduous. Flowers 3-7(-8) cm in diam., stellate with petals spreading to reflexed; buds broadly to narrowly ovoid, apex rounded to subacute. Sepals free, erect, oblong to elliptic or ovate to ovate-lanceolate or obovate, subequal to unequal, the outer ones sometimes leaflike, (0.3-)0.5-1.5 cm × (1.5-)2-7(-10) mm; laminar glands lines, distally interrupted to streaks; marginal glands spaced, small, margin entire, apex rounded to obtuse or rarely subacuminate to acute; veins 11-17. Petals bright (to ?golden) yellow, sometimes tinged red in bud, obovate or oblong-obovate to oblanceolate, often somewhat spatulate to subunguiculate, strongly curved to nearly straight, 1.4-4.1 × 0.5-2 cm, 2-3 × as long as sepals or shorter when sepals leaflike; laminar glands lines to short streaks; marginal glands absent; margin entire, apex rounded or obtuse to rarely acute to acuminate; apiculus short and rounded or absent. Stamen fascicles (?4 or)5, each with ca. 30 stamens, longest 0.9-2.5 cm, 0.4-0.67 × as long as petals. Ovary broadly ovoid to narrowly ovoid-pyramidal or ellipsoid; styles (4 or)5, 2.5-15 mm, 0.5-2 × as long as ovary, free or up to 0.8 coherent or connate; stigmas broadly capitate to funnel-shaped. Capsule broadly to narrowly ovoid or ovoid-pyramidal or rarely narrowly cylindric, 0.9-2.2(-3) cm × 5-13 mm, 2-3 × as long as sepals, apex obtuse to rounded. Seeds dark red-brown to yellow-brown, 1-1.5 mm, deeply carinate or narrowly winged, sometimes with slight terminal expansion; testa densely shallowly linear-reticulate. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 16, 18, 20, 22 (usually 18).
Moist to dry meadows, grassy or rocky slopes, sometimes in forests or among scrub, streamsides and river banks; sea level to 2800(-3600) m. Throughout China except Xizang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Altai to Kamchatka and Kurile Islands, Sakhalin), Vietnam; North America (E Canada, NE United States)].
Hypericum ascyron is a highly variable species or species complex with a very wide distribution. Although several variants have been recognized as varieties or even species, the variation appears to be nearly continuous.
The most frequently distinguished taxon has been Hypericum gebleri, which most Russian authors have recognized, as it occurs throughout most of S Siberia along with larger-flowered, less-branched forms and is present alone in Kamchatka, the Kurile Islands, and Sakhalin. On the other hand, Chinese authors have tended to include it in H. ascyron, because intermediate forms occur in the north. The North American population, too, was recognized early at species level but none of the characters said to distinguish it appears to be constant.
Under these circumstances, it seems best to distinguish the N Asian Hypericum gebleri and the North American H. pyramidatum Aiton as subspecies (see Robson, Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Bot.) 31: 37-88. 2001). It seems impossible to recognize the long-styled (mainly large-flowered and northern) plants and the narrow-fruited, C Chinese ones (respectively var. longistylum and var. giraldii [var. hupehense]) as distinct taxa, as both represent extremes of continuous variation. Likewise, the narrow-leaved, small-flowered form from S China (misidentified as var. angustifolium Y. Kimura) merges with more typical forms.
32.黄海棠（中国经济植物志）牛心菜、山辣椒（辽宁），大叶金丝桃（甘肃），救牛草（陕西），八宝茶（山西），水黄花（河北），金丝蝴蝶（内蒙古、河北），大金雀、大叶牛心菜（山东），六安茶（江苏），降龙草（安徽），连翘（河北、贵州、台湾），鸡蛋花（云南），对月草、禁宫花（四川），红旱莲（江西、宁夏），湖南连翘（植物名实图考）图版8：1-3
Hypericum ascyron Linn. Sp. Pl. 783. 1753; Choisy in DC. Prodr. 1: 545. 1824; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 27: 430. 1882; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 23: 72. 1886; Franch. in Bull. Soc. Sot. France 33: 436. 1886 et Pl. Delav. 102. 1889; R. Keller in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 33: 550. 1904; Kom. Fl. Mash. 3: 40. 1905; Levl. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 54: 592. 1907; Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosa 1: 77. 1911; Prain in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 140: t. 8557. 1914; Hand. -Mazz. symb. Sin. 7: 401. 1931; Kom. et A1is. Key Pl. Far. East. Reg. USSR 2: 748, t. 230. 1932; Kitag. Lineam. Pl. Mansh. 317. 1939: Gorschk. in Schischk. et Bobr. Fl. URSS 15: 212, tab. 9, fig. 2. l949: Y. Kimura in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 54: 87. 1940 et in Nakai ＆ Honda, Nova Fl. Japon. 10: 118, f. 43. 1951; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 779. 1953; 东北植物检索表224, pl. 71, f. 2. 1959; Lauener in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 27: 1. 1966; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 875, f. 3479. 1972;台湾植物志2; 628.1976; 东北草本植物志6; 71, pl. 27, f. 1-7. 1977. ——H. ascyron Linn. var. genuinum Maxim. Primit. Fl. Amur. : 65. 1859. ——H. ascyron Llnn. var. longtstylum Maxlm. in Primit. Fl. Amur. : 65. 1859. ——H. gebleri ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3: 364. 1831; Kom. Fl. Mansh. 3: 42. 1905. ——H. ascyron Linn. var. brevistyglum Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Sc. Petersb. 9: 65. 1859. ——H. ascyon Linn. var. micropetalum R. Kelley in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 638. 1897. ——H. ascyron Line. var. umbellatum R. Kelley in Engl. Bot.Jahrb. 33: 550. 1904. 1907. ——H. ascyron Linn. var. giraldii R. Kelley in Engl.Bot. Jahrb. 33: 550. 1904. ——H. ascyron Linn. var. punctatostriatum R. Keller in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 33: 550. 1904. ——H. longifolium Levl. in Bull. Soc. Agric. Sci. Arts Sarthe 39: 322. 1904, in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 6: 375. 1909 et Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 199. 1914, pro parte; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb.15: 101. 1934. ——H. hemsleyanum levl. et Van. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 54: 592. 1907; Lauener in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 27: 3. 1966, syn. nov. a descr.
多年生草本，高0.5-1.3米。茎直立或在基部上升，单一或数茎丛生，不分枝或上部具分枝，有时于叶腋抽出小枝条，茎及枝条幼时具4棱，后明显具4纵线棱。叶无柄，叶片披针形、长圆状披针形、或长圆状卵形至椭圆形、或狭长圆形，长（2-）4-10厘米，宽(0.4-)1-2.7(3.5)厘米，先端渐尖、锐尖或钝形，基部楔形或心形而抱茎，全缘，坚纸质，上面绿色，下面通常淡绿色且散布淡色腺点，中脉、侧脉及近边缘脉下面明显，脉网较密。花序具1-35花，顶生，近伞房状至狭圆锥状，后者包括多数分枝。花直径（2.5-）3-8厘米，平展或外反；花蕾卵珠形，先端圆形或钝形；花梗长0.5-3厘米。萼片卵形或披针形至椭圆形或长圆形，长（3-） 5-15 (-25)毫米，宽1.5-7毫米，先端锐尖至钝形，全缘，结果时直立。花瓣金黄色，倒披针形，长1.5-4 厘米，宽0.5-2厘米，十分弯曲，具腺斑或无腺斑，宿存。雄蕊极多数，5束，每束有雄蕊约30枚，花药金黄色，具松脂状腺点。子房宽卵珠形至狭卵珠状三角形，长4-7(-9）毫米，5室，具中央空腔；花柱5，长为子房的1/2至为其2倍，自基部或至上部4/5处分离。蒴果为或宽或狭的卵珠形或卵珠状三角形，长0.9-2.2厘米，宽0.5-1.2厘米，棕褐色，成熟后先端5裂，柱头常折落。种子棕色或黄褐色，圆柱形，微弯，长1-1.5毫米，有明显的龙骨状突起或狭翅和细的蜂窝纹。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。
除新疆及青海外，全国各地均产。生于山坡林下、林缘、灌丛间、草丛或草甸中、溪旁及河岸湿地等处，也有广为庭园栽培的，海拔0-2800米。苏联（阿尔泰至堪察加及库页岛）、朝鲜、日本、越南北部、美国东北部及其近邻的加拿大也有。模式标本采自栽植于瑞典乌普萨拉的植株。
全草药用，主治吐血、子宫出血、外伤出血、疮疖痈肿、风湿、痢疾以及月经不调等症；种子泡酒服，可治胃病，并可解毒和排脓。全草也是烤胶原料。此外民间有用叶作茶叶代用品饮用。也可供观赏。
本种变异很大，特别是花的大小和排列方式、萼片大小和形状、以及花柱的长短和分离的程度在不同的居群中或甚至在同一居群中变异幅度都比较大，但这些变异都表现出连续的性质和没有任何地理上的依赖性，因此难于以此作为区分种或种下等级的依据。
| Hypericum ascyron | |||
| Family Name: | Hypericaceae | Genera name: | Hypericum |
| Species name: | ascyron | Genera status: | |
| NLR: | Comments: | ||
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| Sample Name: | Reuver | Formation: | |
| Age: | Epoch (to): | Pliocene~ | |
| Stage: | Reuverian~ | Contributer: | |
| Ecology: | Climate: | ||
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| locality name: | Reuver | Province/State: | Limburg |
| Continents: | Europe | county: | |
| country: | Netherland | longitude-decimal degrees: | 6.1 |
| latitude-decimal degrees: | 51.35 | elevation [m]: | 35 |
| Notes: | |||
| Netherland-Reid and Reid, 1915 | |||
| title: | THE PLIOCENE FLORAS OF THE DUTCH PRUSSIAN BORDER | ||
| Year: | 1915 | Type: | |
| Volume: | Issue: | ||
| Pages: | Publisher: | ||
| Location of publisher: | General: | ||
| Authors: | CLEMENT REID, ELEANOR M. REID | ||
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
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Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
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Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
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Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
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Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
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| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
| Hypericum ascyron | |||
| Family Name: | Hypericaceae | Genera name: | Hypericum |
| Species name: | ascyron | Genera status: | |
| NLR: | Comments: | ||
|
|
|||
| Sample Name: | Swalmen | Formation: | |
| Age: | Epoch (to): | Pliocene~ | |
| Stage: | Reuverian~ | Contributer: | |
| Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
|
|||
| locality name: | Swalmen | Province/State: | Limburg |
| Continents: | Europe | county: | |
| country: | Netherland | longitude-decimal degrees: | 6.03 |
| latitude-decimal degrees: | 51.22 | elevation [m]: | 23 |
| Notes: | |||
| Netherland-Reid and Reid, 1915 | |||
| title: | THE PLIOCENE FLORAS OF THE DUTCH PRUSSIAN BORDER | ||
| Year: | 1915 | Type: | |
| Volume: | Issue: | ||
| Pages: | Publisher: | ||
| Location of publisher: | General: | ||
| Authors: | CLEMENT REID, ELEANOR M. REID | ||
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
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