学名(拉丁名) | Ficus pumila |
中文名 | 薜荔 |
命名人 | Linn. |
中文科名 | 桑科 |
拉丁属名 | Ficus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Moraceae |
中文属名 | 榕属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Ficus pumila |
中文名 | 薜荔 |
中文科名 | 桑科 |
拉丁属名 | Ficus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Moraceae |
中文属名 | 榕属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Ficus pumila |
命名人 | L. (accepted name) |
拉丁属名 | Ficus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Moraceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Ficus pumila |
命名人 | L. |
发表年份 | 1753(年) |
拉丁属名 | Ficus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Moraceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Ficus pumila |
中文名 | 薜荔 |
拉丁属名 | Ficus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Moraceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Ficus pumila |
中文名 | 薜苈 |
中文科名 | 桑科 |
拉丁属名 | Ficus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Moraceae |
中文属名 | 无花果属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Ficus pumila |
发表年份 | 1786(年) |
拉丁属名 | Ficus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Moraceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Ficus pumila |
拉丁属名 | Ficus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Moraceae |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
---|---|---|---|
Ficus pumila var. lutchuensis | Synonym | The Plant List | Koidz. |
Ficus pumila var. pumila | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Ficus repens | Synonym | The Plant List | auct. |
Ficus repens var. lutchuensis | Synonym | The Plant List | Koidz. |
Ficus scandens | Synonym | The Plant List | Lam. |
Ficus stipulata | Synonym | The Plant List | Thunb. |
Ficus vestita | Synonym | The Plant List | Desf. |
Plagiostigma pumila | Unresolved | The Plant List | Zucc. |
Plagiostigma stipulata | Unresolved | The Plant List | Zucc. |
Tenorea heterophylla | Unresolved | The Plant List | Gasp. |
Urostigma scandens | Synonym | The Plant List | (Lam.) Liebm. |
Varinga repens | Unresolved | The Plant List | Raf. |
Ficus pumila var. awkeotsang | Accepted | The Plant List | (Makino) Corner |
Ficus hanceana | Synonym | The Plant List | Maxim. |
Ficus longipedicellata | Synonym | The Plant List | H.Perrier |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ficus pumila | 异名 | The Plant List | Thunb. | Ficus erecta |
Ficus pumila | 接受名 | The Plant List | ||
Ficus pumila | 接受名 | 云南植物志 | ||
Ficus pumila | 接受名 | 中国植物志 | ||
Ficus pumila | 接受名 | Flora of China | ||
Ficus pumila | 接受名 | Species 2000 |
1 | Leaf blade ovate-cordate to ovate-elliptic; figs pear-shaped to ± globose, apical pore truncate or navel-like. (93) | a var. pumila |
1 + | Leaf blade oblong-ovate; figs cylindric, apical pore acuminate. (93) | b var. awkeotsang |
攀援或匍匐灌木。叶具两型,不结果枝节上生根,叶卵状心形,长约2.5厘米,纸质,先端渐尖,基部略不对称;叶柄很短;结果枝上无不定根;叶革质,卵状椭圆形,长5—10厘米,宽2—3.5(—4)厘米,先端急尖至钝形,心部圆形至浅心形,全缘,叶面无毛,背面被黄褐色柔毛,基生叶脉三出,侧生2脉延长至叶片1/3以上,侧脉每边4—5条,在叶面下陷,背面突起,网眼甚明显,呈蜂房状,叶柄长5—10毫米;托叶小,披针形,外面被黄褐色丝状毛。榕果单生叶腋;瘿花果大梨形,长4—8厘米,直径3—5厘米,顶部平截,略具钝头或为脐状突起,基部收缢成柄,顶生苞片脐状,红色,基生苞片3,三角状卵形,密被长绒毛,宿存;榕果表面幼时被黄色短柔毛,成熟时黄绿色带微红,总梗粗短;雄花生内壁近口部,多数,排为几行,花柄长,花被片2—3,线形,雄蕊2,花丝短,花药具短尖头;瘿花具柄,花被片3—4,线形,花柱侧生,短,子房光滑;雌花生雌株榕果内壁,雌花榕果近球形,直径4—5厘米,成熟时紫色;雌花具长柄,花被片4—5,红色。瘦果倒卵形至近球形,成熟时褐色,直径1—2毫米,有粘液。花果期5—8月。
产东南部,生海拔300—1200米的村寨附近或墙壁上;我国除西北、华北偶见栽培,其余地区常见野生。日本、印度也有。
Shrubs, climbers or scandent. Rooting branchlets sterile. Stipules lanceolate, with yellow brown silklike hairs. Leaves distichous, leaf blade on fertile branchlets different in shape than ones on sterile branches, ovate-cordate, ovate-elliptic, or oblong-ovate, 5-12 × 2-5 cm, abaxially pubescent, base rounded to slightly cordate, margin entire, apex obtuse, acute, or acuminate; veins conspicuous, honeycomblike; basal lateral veins elongated, secondary veins 3 or 4 on each side of midvein, abaxially prominent, and adaxially impressed. Figs axillary on normal leafy branches, solitary, yellowish green to pale red when mature, pear-shaped to ± globose or cylindric, 4-8 × 3-5 cm, shortly yellow pubescent when young, basally attenuate into a short stalk, apical pore truncate, navel-like, or acuminate; peduncle to ca. 1 cm, thick; involucral bracts triangular-ovate, densely covered with long pubescence, persistent. Male flowers: many, in several rows near apical pore, pedicellate; calyx lobes 2 or 3, linear; stamens 2; filaments short. Gall flowers: pedicellate; calyx lobes 3 or 4, linear; style lateral, short. Female flowers: pedicel long; calyx lobes 4 or 5; achenes ± globose, with adherent liquid. Fl. and fr. May-Aug.
Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Vietnam].
The position of Ficus pumila var. lutchuensis Koidzumi (Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 14. 1925) is uncertain as no material has been seen by the authors. It most likely belongs to var. pumila.
92.薛荔(本草拾遗)凉粉子(通称),木莲(植物名实图考),凉粉果(广东、湖南),冰粉子(四川、贵州),鬼馒头,木馒头(江南)
Ficus pumila Linn. Sp. Pl. 1060. 1753; Thunberg, Ficus 9. 1786; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 328. 1861; King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 1: 124. t. 158. 1888; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 465. 1899; Warbg, in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 299. 1900; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 311. 1916; Gagnep. in Lecomte, fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 783. 1928; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 94. 1929; Kanehira, Form. Trees rev. ed. 158. f. 107. 1936; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学239. 1937; Sata, Monogr. Ficus Form. and Philipp. 45. f. 3. 1944; Makino, New Ill. Fl. Jap. : 97. f. 388. 1961; Corner in Gard. Bull. Sing. 18: 6. 1960, in ibid. 21: 52. 1965; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 124. 1963; 海南植物志2: 395.1975; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 487. f. 974. 1972; 中国高等植物图鉴补编1: 149, 1982, in clavi; 台湾植物志2: 145, pl. 242. 1976; Kitam. et Murata, Col. Ill. Woody Pl. Jap. 2: 241, f. 693. 1979; Yamazaki in Journ. Phytogeogr. and Taxon. 3 (1): 10. 1983; 云南种子植物名录, 上册: 707. 1984; 浙江植物志2: 94, f. 2-124. 1992; 湖北植物大全: 268.1992. Nguyen T. Hiep in Tap chi SINN HOC 16 (4): 61. 1994. ——F. stipula Thunb. Dissert. Ficus 8. 1786. ——F. hanceana Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 11: 341. 1883.
92a.薛荔(原变种)图版52: 1-5
Ficus pumila Linn. var. pumila
攀援或匍匐灌木,叶两型,不结果枝节上生不定根,叶卵状心形,长约2. 5厘米,薄革质,基部稍不对称,尖端渐尖,叶柄很短;结果枝上无不定根,革质,卵状椭圆形,长5-10厘米,宽2-3.5厘米,先端急尖至钝形,基部圆形至浅心形,全缘,上面无毛,背面被黄褐色柔毛,基生叶脉延长,网脉3-4对,在表面下陷,背面凸起,网脉甚明显,呈蜂窝状;叶柄长5-10毫米;托叶2,披针形,被黄褐色丝状毛。榕果单生叶腋,瘿花果梨形,雌花果近球形,长4-8厘米,直径3-5厘米,顶部截平,略具短钝头或为脐状凸起,基部收窄成一短柄,基生苞片宿存,三角状卵形,密被长柔毛,榕果幼时被黄色短柔毛,成熟黄绿色或微红;总便粗短;雄花,生榕果内壁口部,多数,排为几行,有柄,花被片2-3,线形,雄蕊2枚,花丝短;瘿花具柄,花被片3-4,线形,花柱侧生,短;雌花生另一植株榕一果内壁,花柄长,花被片4-5。瘦果近球形,有粘液。花果期5-8月。
产福建、江西、浙江、安徽、江苏、台湾、湖南、广东、广西、贵州、云南东南部、四川及陕西。北方偶有栽培。日本(琉球)、越南北部也有。
瘦果水洗可作凉粉,藤叶药用。
92b.爱玉子(变种)(台湾)图版52:6-8
Ficus pumila Linn. var. awkeotsang (Makino) Corner in Gard. Bull. Sing. 18: 6. 1960, in ibid. 21: 52. 1965; 台湾植物志2: 145, pl. 243, 1976; 浙江植物志2: 94.1992. F. awkeotsang Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 18: 151. f. 1-3. 1904; Kanehira, Form. Trees rev. ed. 149. f. 94. 1936; Sata, Monogr. Ficus Form and Philip. 43. f. 1, 2, 38. 1944; Liu, Ill. Nat. Intr. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2: 711. f. 565. 1962; Yamazaki in Journ. Phytogeogr. and Taxon. 31 (L): 10. 1983. ——Ficus nagayamai Yamamoto, Suppl. Icon. Pl. Formos. 3: 14. 1927.
叶长椭圆状卵形,长7-12厘米,宽3-5厘米,背面密被锈色柔毛;榕果长圆形,长6-8厘米,直径3-4厘米,表面被毛,顶部渐尖,脐部凸起;总梗短,长约1厘米,密被粗毛。
产台湾(模式产地,但多栽培)、福建、浙江(乐清、北雁荡山)。果可食。
Ficus pumila | |||
Family Name: | Moraceae | Genera name: | Ficus |
Species name: | pumila | Genera status: | |
NLR: | Comments: | ||
Sample Name: | Osaka Group Plio. | Formation: | |
Age: | Epoch (to): | Pliocene~ | |
Stage: | ~ | Contributer: | |
Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
locality name: | Harima | Province/State: | Kyoto |
Continents: | Asia | county: | Osaka |
country: | Japan | longitude-decimal degrees: | 135.5 |
latitude-decimal degrees: | 34.73 | elevation [m]: | 20 |
Notes: |
Osaka-Momohara, 1992 | |||
title: | Late Pliocene Plant Biostratigraphy of the Lowermost Part of the Osaka Group, Southwest Japan, with Reference to Extinction of Plants | ||
Year: | 1992 | Type: | journal |
Volume: | 31 | Issue: | 2 |
Pages: | 77-89 | Publisher: | |
Location of publisher: | General: | ||
Authors: | Arata Momohara |
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
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Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
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Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
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Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
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Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
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新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
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第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
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全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
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上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |