| 学名(拉丁名) | Euphorbia esula |
| 中文名 | 乳浆大戟 |
| 命名人 | L. |
| 中文科名 | 大戟科 |
| 拉丁属名 | Euphorbia |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
| 中文属名 | 大戟属 |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Euphorbia esula |
| 中文名 | 乳浆大戟 |
| 中文科名 | 大戟科 |
| 类型 | |
| 拉丁科名 | EUPHORBIACEAE |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Euphorbia esula |
| 中文名 | 乳浆大戟 |
| 中文科名 | 大戟科 |
| 类型 | |
| 拉丁科名 | EUPHORBIACEAE |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Euphorbia esula |
| 命名人 | L. (accepted name) |
| 拉丁属名 | Euphorbia |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Euphorbia esula |
| 命名人 | L. |
| 发表年份 | 1753(年) |
| 拉丁属名 | Euphorbia |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Euphorbia esula |
| 中文名 | 乳浆大戟 |
| 拉丁属名 | Euphorbia |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Euphorbia esula |
| 中文名 | 乳浆大戟 |
| 中文科名 | 大戟科 |
| 拉丁属名 | Euphorbia |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
| 中文属名 | 大戟属 |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Euphorbia esula |
| 发表年份 | 1753(年) |
| 拉丁属名 | Euphorbia |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Euphorbia esula |
| 拉丁属名 | Euphorbia |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
APG IV系统 |
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| 学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Esula ararica | Synonym | The Plant List | (Jord.) Fourr. |
| Esula major | Synonym | The Plant List | Garsault |
| Esula riparia | Synonym | The Plant List | (Jord.) Fourr. |
| Esula salicetorum | Synonym | The Plant List | (Jord.) Fourr. |
| Esula vulgaris | Synonym | The Plant List | Fourr. |
| Euphorbia androsaemifolia subsp. salicetorum | Synonym | The Plant List | (Jord.) Nyman |
| Euphorbia angustifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | (Haw.) Steud. |
| Euphorbia borodinii | Synonym | The Plant List | Sambuk |
| Euphorbia discolor | Synonym | The Plant List | Ledeb. |
| Euphorbia discolor var. glabra | Synonym | The Plant List | Loschk. & Polozhij |
| Euphorbia discolor subsp. karoi | Synonym | The Plant List | (Freyn) Bassargin |
| Esula angustifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | Haw. |
| Euphorbia discolor var. pilosa | Synonym | The Plant List | Loschk. & Polozhij |
| Euphorbia esula var. angustifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | Schur |
| Esula dalechampii | Synonym | The Plant List | Haw. |
| Euphorbia esula subsp. aragonensis | Synonym | The Plant List | Nyman |
| Euphorbia esula var. ararica | Synonym | The Plant List | (Jord.) Nyman |
| Esula pseudocyparissias | Synonym | The Plant List | (Jord.) Fourr. |
| Euphorbia esula subsp. chankoana | Synonym | The Plant List | (Vorosch.) Vorosch. |
| Euphorbia androsaemifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | Schousb. ex Willd. |
| Euphorbia esula var. cyparioides | Synonym | The Plant List | Boiss. |
| Euphorbia ararica | Synonym | The Plant List | Jord. |
| Euphorbia esula var. elata | Synonym | The Plant List | C.A.Mey. |
| Euphorbia esula subsp. esula | Synonym | The Plant List | |
| Euphorbia esula f. esulifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | (Thell.) Kuzmanov |
| Euphorbia chankoana | Synonym | The Plant List | Vorosch. |
| Euphorbia esula var. esulifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | (Thell.) Kuzmanov |
| Euphorbia esula var. gracilis | Synonym | The Plant List | (Klotzsch & Garcke) Nyman |
| Euphorbia esula var. mosana | Synonym | The Plant List | (Lej.) Lej. |
| Euphorbia esula var. parvifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | Schur |
| Euphorbia esula var. pinifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | Boiss. |
| Euphorbia esula subsp. pseudocyparissias | Synonym | The Plant List | (Jord.) Nyman |
| Euphorbia esula var. riparia | Synonym | The Plant List | (Jord.) Schur |
| Euphorbia esula var. salicetorum | Synonym | The Plant List | (Jord.) T.Durand |
| Euphorbia esula var. subracemosa | Synonym | The Plant List | Schur |
| Euphorbia esula subsp. tristis | Synonym | The Plant List | (Besser) Rouy |
| Euphorbia filicina | Synonym | The Plant List | Port. |
| Euphorbia filicina var. montana | Synonym | The Plant List | Boiss. |
| Euphorbia fleurotii | Synonym | The Plant List | Jord. |
| Euphorbia glomerulans | Synonym | The Plant List | (Prokh.) Prokh. |
| Euphorbia gmelinii | Synonym | The Plant List | Steud. |
| Euphorbia gmelinii var. angustifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | Krylov |
| Euphorbia esula var. humilior | Synonym | The Plant List | C.A.Mey. |
| Euphorbia filicina var. alpina | Synonym | The Plant List | Boiss. |
| Euphorbia imperfoliata | Synonym | The Plant List | Vis. |
| Euphorbia intermedia | Synonym | The Plant List | Bréb. |
| Euphorbia jaxartica | Synonym | The Plant List | Prokh. |
| Euphorbia kaleniczenkoi | Synonym | The Plant List | Czern. |
| Euphorbia karoi | Synonym | The Plant List | Freyn |
| Euphorbia loreyi | Synonym | The Plant List | Jord. |
| Euphorbia lunulata | Synonym | The Plant List | Bunge |
| Euphorbia lunulata var. obtusifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | Hurus. |
| Euphorbia maackii | Synonym | The Plant List | Meinsh. |
| Euphorbia mandshurica | Synonym | The Plant List | Maxim. |
| Euphorbia minxianensis | Synonym | The Plant List | W.T.Wang |
| Euphorbia mosana | Synonym | The Plant List | Lej. |
| Euphorbia nakaii | Synonym | The Plant List | Hurus. |
| Euphorbia nakaii f. caespitosa | Synonym | The Plant List | Hurus. |
| Euphorbia nakaii f. littoralis | Synonym | The Plant List | Hurus. |
| Euphorbia gracilis | Synonym | The Plant List | Besser ex M.Bieb. |
| Euphorbia kaleniczenkii | Synonym | The Plant List | Czern. ex Trautv. |
| Euphorbia paludosa | Synonym | The Plant List | Rouy |
| Euphorbia pseudagraria | Synonym | The Plant List | P.A.Smirn. |
| Euphorbia racemosa | Synonym | The Plant List | Tausch ex Rchb. |
| Euphorbia rossica | Synonym | The Plant List | P.A.Smirn. |
| Euphorbia subcordata f. obtusifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | Krylov |
| Euphorbia tarokoensis | Synonym | The Plant List | Hayata |
| Euphorbia tristis | Synonym | The Plant List | Besser |
| Euphorbia nakaiana | Synonym | The Plant List | H.Lév. |
| Euphorbia virgata f. esulifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | Thell. |
| Euphorbion esulum | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) St.-Lag. |
| Galarhoeus borodinii | Synonym | The Plant List | (Sambuk) Prokh. |
| Euphorbia nakaii var. hondoensis | Synonym | The Plant List | Hurus. |
| Galarhoeus esula | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Rydb. |
| Galarhoeus esula f. caespitosus | Synonym | The Plant List | (Hurus.) Hurus. |
| Galarhoeus esula f. humilior | Synonym | The Plant List | (C.A.Mey.) Hurus. |
| Euphorbia octoradiata | Synonym | The Plant List | H.Lév. & Vaniot |
| Galarhoeus esula f. littoralis | Synonym | The Plant List | (Hurus.) Hurus. |
| Euphorbia pancicii | Synonym | The Plant List | Beck |
| Galarhoeus esula var. maackii | Synonym | The Plant List | (Meinsh.) Hurus. |
| Euphorbia pseudocyparissias | Synonym | The Plant List | Jord. |
| Galarhoeus esula f. maackii | Synonym | The Plant List | (Meinsh.) Hurus. |
| Euphorbia riparia | Synonym | The Plant List | Jord. |
| Galarhoeus esula var. nakaii | Synonym | The Plant List | (Hurus.) Hurus. |
| Euphorbia salicetorum | Synonym | The Plant List | Jord. |
| Galarhoeus kaleniczenkii | Synonym | The Plant List | (Czern.) Kitag. |
| Euphorbia takouensis | Synonym | The Plant List | H.Lév. & Vaniot |
| Galarhoeus lunulatus var. obtusifolius | Synonym | The Plant List | (Hurus.) Hurus. |
| Galarhoeus pseudagrarius | Synonym | The Plant List | (P.A.Smirn.) Prokh. |
| Flueggea esula subsp. maackii | Synonym | The Plant List | Hurus. |
| Keraselma esula | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Raf. |
| Tithymalus chankoanus | Synonym | The Plant List | (Vorosch.) Soják |
| Tithymalus discolor | Synonym | The Plant List | (Ledeb.) Klotzsch & Garcke |
| Tithymalus esula | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Hill |
| Galarhoeus esula var. hondoensis | Synonym | The Plant List | (Hurus.) Hurus. |
| Tithymalus esula subsp. pseudocyparissias | Synonym | The Plant List | (Jord.) Soják |
| Tithymalus esula subsp. riparia | Synonym | The Plant List | (Jord.) Chrtek & Krísa |
| Galarhoeus esula subsp. maackii | Synonym | The Plant List | (Meinsh.) Hurus. |
| Tithymalus filicinus | Synonym | The Plant List | (Port.) Soják |
| Tithymalus gmelinii | Synonym | The Plant List | (Steud.) Prokh. |
| Galarhoeus esula subsp. nakaii | Synonym | The Plant List | (Hurus.) Hurus. |
| Tithymalus imperfoliatus | Synonym | The Plant List | (Vis.) Soják |
| Galarhoeus gmelinii | Synonym | The Plant List | (Steud.) Prokh. |
| Tithymalus lunulatus | Synonym | The Plant List | (Bunge) Soják |
| Galarhoeus lunulatus | Synonym | The Plant List | (Bunge) Kitag. |
| Tithymalus nakaianus | Synonym | The Plant List | (H.Lév.) H.Hara |
| Galarhoeus mandshuricus | Synonym | The Plant List | (Maxim.) Kitag. |
| Tithymalus pancicii | Synonym | The Plant List | (Beck) Soják |
| Galarhoeus tarokoensis | Synonym | The Plant List | (Hayata) H.Hara |
| Tithymalus tarokoensis | Synonym | The Plant List | (Hayata) Soják |
| Tithymalus androsaemifolius | Synonym | The Plant List | (Schousb. ex Willd.) Samp. |
| Euphorbia esula var. cyparissioides | Accepted | The Plant List | Boiss. |
| Tithymalus esula subsp. mosanus | Synonym | The Plant List | (Lej.) Soják |
| Euphorbia esula subsp. maglicensis | Accepted | The Plant List | (Rohlena) Hayek |
| Tithymalus esula subsp. tristis | Synonym | The Plant List | (Besser) Chrtek & Krísa |
| Tithymalus glomerulans | Synonym | The Plant List | Prokh. |
| Tithymalus gracilis | Synonym | The Plant List | Klotzsch & Garcke |
| Tithymalus linifolius | Synonym | The Plant List | Lam. |
| Tithymalus mandshuricus | Synonym | The Plant List | (Maxim.) Soják |
| Tithymalus tristis | Synonym | The Plant List | (Besser) Klotzsch & Garcke |
| Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana | Accepted | The Plant List | (Bertol.) Kuzmanov |
Euphorbia croizatii Hurusawa; E. cyparissias Linnaeus; E. distincta Stscheglejew; E. eriophylla Karelin & Kirilov; E. esula var. latifolia Ledebour; E. leoncroizatii Oudejans; E. lunulata Bunge; E. maackii Meinshausen; E. mandshurica Maximowicz; E. minxianensis W. T. Wang; E. nakaiana H. Léveillé; E. octoradiata H. Léveillé & Vaniot; E. subcordata C. A. Meyer ex Ledebour; E. takouensis H. Léveillé & Vaniot; E. tarokoensis Hayata; Tithymalus esula (Linnaeus) Hill; T. lunulatus (Bunge) Soják; T. mandshuricus (Maximowicz) Soják; T. subcordatus Klotzsch & Garcke.
Herbs, erect, (15-)30-60 cm tall. Rootstock enlarged or sometimes extensively rhizomatous, brown or dark brown, up to 20 cm × 3-5(-6) mm, branched or not. Stems single or clustered, many branched basally, 3-5 mm thick; sterile stems sometimes present, sometimes overtopping inflorescence. Leaves alternate, often larger toward stem apex; stipules absent; basal scale-leaves few; petiole absent; leaf blade linear to ovate, very variable, (1.5-)2-7 × (0.15-)0.4-0.7(-1.2) cm, base attenuate, cuneate, or truncate, apex acuminate or acute; leaves on sterile branches denser, needlelike, 2-3 × ca. 0.1 cm. Inflorescence a terminal pseudumbel, often with lateral cymes from axils below; cymes mostly dichotomous; primary involucral leaves 3-8, similar to normal leaves to almost orbicular, primary rays 3-8, 2-4(-5) cm; cyathophylls 2, sometimes overlapping at base, usually reniform, occasionally ovate or triangular-ovate, pair often forming complete circle, 0.4-1.2 × 0.4-1 cm, base subtruncate to shallowly cordate, apex shortly acuminate to rounded. Cyathium sessile; involucre campanulate, ca. 3 × 2.5-3 mm, lobes rounded to triangular, tomentose on margin and inside; glands 4, brown, crescent-shaped, usually 2-horned, horns long and acute to short and obtuse or absent, sometimes so tightly incurved that gland looks circular. Bracteoles linear, glabrous. Male flowers many. Female flower: ovary exserted from cup, smooth, glabrous; styles free, persistent; style arms 2-lobed. Capsule trigonous-globose, 5-6 × 5-6 mm, with 3 vertical furrows. Seeds ovoid-globose, 2.5-3 × 2-2.5 mm, yellow-brown; caruncle present, peltate, sessile. Fl. and fr. Apr-Oct. 2n = 40*.
Roadsides, fields, grasslands, steppes, slopes, sparse forests, sandy areas. Throughout China except Guizhou, Hainan, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia (Iran), Europe; naturalized in North America].
Euphorbia esula is extremely diverse, especially in the form of the leaf blade, involucral leaves, abortive branches, and the horns of the cyathial glands. However, it can be differentiated from E. kansui and E. sieboldiana by the involucre with 5 lobes and 4 glands (and from E. prolifera) and by the involucre without peduncle (from E. latifolia). There are many synonyms from outside China that are not given here. It is classified as a noxious weed in N America.
The seed oil is used in industry.
76. 乳浆大戟（中国高等植物图鉴） 猫眼草，烂疤眼（俗称），华北大戟（秦岭植物志），新疆大戟（中国沙漠植物志），太鲁阁大戟（台湾植物志），岷县大戟（云南植物研究），东北大戟，松叶乳汁大戟，宽叶乳浆大戟（东北草本植物志），乳浆草（北京植物志） 图版38: 5-9
Euphorbia esula Linn. Sp. Pl. 461. 1753; Bolas. in DC. Prodr. 15(2): 160. 1862; Forb. & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 412. 1891; Rupr. in Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 238. 1859; Levl. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2, 6: 762. 1906; Nakai, Fl. Kor. 2: 186. 1911;. Prokh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 14: 420. 1949;中国高等植物图鉴 2: 622 图2973-1972; 东北草本植物图志 6: 45-图版18: 1-4. 1977; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 842. 1978; 湖北植物志 2: 393. 图1304. 1979; 内蒙古植物志 4: 44. 图21. 1979; 秦岭植物志 1(3): 162. 1981; 江苏植物志 2: 413. 图1409-1982; 北京植物志 1: 528. 图669. 1984; 宁夏植物志 1: 429. 图419. 1986; 河南植物志 2: 490. 图1408. 1986; 福建植物志 3: 226. 图156. 1987; 中国沙模植物志 2: 239-1987; J. S. Ma & C. Y. Wu in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 14(4): 368. 1992; & in Collect. Bot. 21: 118. 1992. ——E. subcordata Meyer ex Ledeb. Ic. Pl. Ross. 2: 25. 1830; ——E. lunalata Bge. Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 59. 1833; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 263. 1844; Forb. & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 415. 1891; Levl in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2, 6: 763. 1906; Nakai, Fl. Kor. 2: 185. 1911; T. N. Liou in Contrib. Lab. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1: (1): 6. 1931; 中国高等植物图鉴 2: 622 图2974. 1972; 东北草本植物志 6: 47. 1977; 秦岭植物志 1(3): 163. 图139-1981; 北京植物志 1: 528. 图670. 1984; 河南植物志 2: 491. 图1409. 1986. ——E. discolor Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3: 577. 1849-1851; ——E. esula Linn. var. latifolia Ledeb. Fl Ross. 3: 576. 1849-1851; Nakai, Fl. Kor. 2: 186. 1911; 东北草本植物志 6: 47. 1977. ——E. mandshurica Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. St. Petersb. 29: 203: 1884; Prokh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 14: 433. 1949; 东北草本植物志 6: 43. 图5-8.1977. ——E. kaleniczenkii Czern. ex Tramtv. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 9: 159. 1884 ——E. tarokoensis Hayata, Jcon. Pl. Form., 7: 34. 1918; H. Keng in Taiwania 6: 47. 1955; 台湾植物志 3: 464. Pl. 687. 1977. 台湾植物志 ed 2, 3: 466, 1993. ——E. glomerulans Prokh. 0bz. Moloch. Sr. Azii 183. 1933. ——E. jaxartica Prokh. 0bz. Monoch. Sr. Azii 192. 1933; 中国沙漠植物志 3: 339. 图版121: 5-8. 1987. ——E. minxianensis W. T. Wang in Acta. Bot. Yunnan. 10(1): 43. 1988. ——E. esula Linn. var. cyparioides Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 15(2): 161: 1862; T. N. Lion in Contrib. Lab. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1(1): 4. 1931, ut 'E. cyparissioides Turcz.'; 东北草本植物志 6: 47. 1977; 内蒙古植物志 4: 46. 1979; 北京植物志 1: 528. 1984; 宁夏植物志 1: 430. 1986; 中国沙漠植物志 2: 340. 1987.
多年生草本。根圆柱状，长20厘米以上，直径3-5(6)毫米，不分枝或分枝，常曲折，褐色或黑褐色。茎单生或丛生，单生时自基部多分枝，高30-60厘米，直径3-5毫米；不育枝常发自基部，较矮，有时发自叶腋。叶线形至卵形，变化极不稳定，长2-7厘米，宽4-7毫米，先端尖或钝尖，基部楔形至平截；无叶柄；不育枝叶常为松针状，长2-3厘米，直径约1毫米；无柄；总苞叶3-5枚，与茎生叶同形；伞幅3-5，长2-4(5)厘米；苞叶2枚，常为肾形，少为卵形或三角状卵形，长4-12毫米，宽4-10毫米，先端渐尖或近圆，基部近平截。花序单生于二歧分枝的顶端，基部无柄；总苞钟状，高约3毫米，直径2.5-3.0毫米，边缘5裂，裂片半圆形至三角形，边缘及内侧被毛；腺体4,新月形，两端具角，角长而尖或短而钝，变异幅度较大，褐色。雄花多枚，苞片宽线形，无毛；雌花1枚，子房柄明显伸出总苞之外；子房光滑无毛；花柱3，分离；柱头2裂。蒴果三棱状球形，长与直径均5-6毫米，具3个纵沟；花柱宿存；成熟时分裂为3个分果爿。种子卵球状，长2.5-3.0毫米，直径2.0-2.5毫米，成熟时黄褐色；种阜盾状，无柄。花果期4-10月。
分布于全国（除海南、贵州、云南和西藏外）。生于路旁、杂草丛、山坡、林下、河沟边、荒山、沙丘及草地。广布于欧亚大陆，且归化于北美。模式标本采自西欧。
种子含油量达30％，工业用；全草入药，具拔毒止痒之效。
本种是国产大戟属植物中分布最广、变异幅度最大的种之一，常因复杂的生境产生各种各样的变异，诸如叶型、苞叶形状、植物体大小，不育枝存在与否、腺体两角的尖锐程度等均不稳定；但其主要识别特征是：直根系，没有念珠状根和不定根（与甘遂和钩腺大戟相异）；总苞钟状，5裂，腺体4（与土瓜狼毒相异）；花序基部无柄（与宽叶大戟相异）。因此，本种在国产乳汁大戟中是易于识别的。
刘慎谔（1931）记载察哈尔（今河北）所产的 E. cyparissioides Turcz. 经鉴定属本种。后一名称属于裸名，在 Kew Index 上查不到该名 Oudejians（1990）在世界大戟属名录中记载为刘慎谔替 Turczaninow 发表，但无拉丁文描述或特征集要，故怀疑是 E. esula var. cyparissioides Boiss, (1862)； 即使如此，本种亦不属有效发表，因已有西非产的一种用了此名，即 E. cyparissioides Pax (1894) 在先（早于1931）。
标本份数
| Euphorbia esula | |||
| Family Name: | Euphorbiaceae | Genera name: | Euphorbia |
| Species name: | esula | Genera status: | |
| NLR: | Comments: | ||
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| Sample Name: | Saugbaggerflora | Formation: | |
| Age: | Epoch (to): | Pliocene~Miocene | |
| Stage: | ~ | Contributer: | |
| Ecology: | Climate: | ||
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| locality name: | Saugbaggerflora | Province/State: | Elsass |
| Continents: | county: | ||
| country: | France | longitude-decimal degrees: | 7.983333 |
| latitude-decimal degrees: | 48.8 | elevation [m]: | |
| Notes: | Graviere du Rhin de Sessenheim | ||
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
| Euphorbia esula | |||
| Family Name: | Euphorbiaceae | Genera name: | Euphorbia |
| Species name: | esula | Genera status: | |
| NLR: | Comments: | ||
| Sample Name: | Sessenheim | Formation: | |
| Age: | Epoch (to): | Pliocene~ | |
| Stage: | ~ | Contributer: | |
| Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
|
|||
| locality name: | Sessenheim | Province/State: | Alsace |
| Continents: | Europe | county: | |
| country: | France | longitude-decimal degrees: | 7.95 |
| latitude-decimal degrees: | 48.77 | elevation [m]: | 120 |
| Notes: | |||
| Alsace-Teodoridis et al., 2009 | |||
| title: | Pliocene palaeoenvironment and correlation of the Sessenheim-Auenheim floristic complex (Alsace, France) | ||
| Year: | 2009 | Type: | journal |
| Volume: | 2 | Issue: | |
| Pages: | 1-17 | Publisher: | |
| Location of publisher: | General: | ||
| Authors: | VASILIS TEODORIDIS, ZLATKO KVAČEK & DIETER UHL | ||
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
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