学名(拉丁名) | Eriolaena |
中文名 | 火绳树属 |
命名人 | DC. |
中文科名 | 梧桐科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Sterculiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Eriolaena |
中文名 | 火绳树属 |
中文科名 | 梧桐科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Sterculiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Eriolaena |
中文名 | 火绳树属 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Sterculiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Eriolaena |
中文名 | 火绳树属 |
中文科名 | 梧桐科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Sterculiaceae |
1 | 叶的两面无毛或几无毛,嫩叶的叶脉通常略带淡红色。 | 光叶火绳 Eriolaena glabrescens |
1 | 叶的两面均有星状柔毛,尤于下面更密。 (2) | |
2 | 小苞片全缘或近于全缘。 (3) | |
2 | 小苞片的边缘有明显的齿状裂或羽状深裂。 (4) | |
3 | 蒴果卵形,宽达2.5厘米,有瘤状突起和棱脊,通常在果瓣连合处有较深的沟纹;花梗几与花等长;小苞片条形。 | 火绳树 Eriolaena spectabilis |
3 | 蒴果长椭圆形,宽1.5厘米,无瘤状突起,也无明显的棱脊,在果瓣连合处无沟纹;花梗比花短;小苞片卵形或椭圆状卵形。 | 五室火绳 Eriolaena quinquelocularis |
4 | 叶纸质,上部常有3浅裂,被毛灰白色;花序比叶柄短,具多花。 | 南火绳 Eriolaena candollei |
4 | 叶革质或近于革质,上部无浅裂,被毛黄褐色;花序比叶长,具少数花。 | 桂火绳 Eriolaena kwangsiensis |
1 | Leaf blade abaxially sparsely hairy to glabrescent, epidermis visible between hairs; leaves always present during flowering and fruiting | (2) |
1 + | Leaf blade stellate hairy, denser abaxially, often tomentose; leaves sometimes absent at flowering or fruiting | (3) |
2 (1) | Leaf blade glabrous or nearly so, veins of young leaves usually slightly pink; inflorescence a terminal, ± flat-topped, many-flowered panicle. (1) | E. glabrescens |
2 (1) + | Leaf blade abaxially yellow-brown stellate pubescent; inflorescence an axillary, few-flowered cyme. (6) | E. kwangsiensis |
3 (1) | Material in flower, epicalyx lobes available | (4) |
3 (1) + | Material in fruit, epicalyx lobes lost | (7) |
4 (3) | Epicalyx lobes 4-6(-10) mm, margins entire or nearly so | (5) |
4 (3) + | Epicalyx lobes 10-15(-20) mm, margins obviously dentate, fimbriate, or pinnatipartite | (6) |
5 (4) | Pedicel nearly as long as flower; epicalyx lobes linear-lanceolate, ca. 4 mm; flowers mostly 4-merous, rarely 5-merous. (2) | E. spectabilis |
5 (4) + | Pedicel shorter than flower; epicalyx lobes ovate or elliptic-ovate; flowers 5-merous. (3) | E. quinquelocularis |
6 (4) | Epicalyx lobe margin densely fimbriate, densely woolly stellate pilose. (4) | E. wallichii |
6 (4) + | Epicalyx lobe margin dentate or pinnatipartite, shortly tomentose. (5) | E. candollei |
7 (3) | Capsule distinctly angular | (8) |
7 (3) + | Capsule rounded, smooth or longitudinally striate, not grooved between valves | (9) |
8 (7) | Capsule 4-locular, angles scarcely verrucose, flat between ridges and nearly square in cross section. (2) | E. spectabilis |
8 (7) + | Capsule 5-locular, angles strongly verrucose, grooved between ridges. (4) | E. wallichii |
9 (7) | Fruiting without leaves. (3) | E. quinquelocularis |
9 (7) + | Fruiting with leaves. (5) | E. candollei |
乔木或灌木。叶心形,边缘具齿或掌状浅裂,稀为长圆形及全缘,背面被星状柔毛稀几无毛;托叶早落,条形。花腋生稀顶生,有花1—2朵,稀为具多花的总状花序;小苞片3-5枚,有锯齿或条裂,稀全缘;萼被短柔毛,在芽中为卵形,顶端急尖,开花时5深裂几至基部,萼片镊合状排列,长条形,顶端尖锐,内面近基部被柔毛;花瓣5片,下部收缩成扁平的有绒毛的爪;雄蕊连合成筒,为单体雄蕊,花丝在顶端分离,花药多数,线状长圆形,2室,药室平行,无退化雄蕊;子房无柄,5—10室。被柔毛,多室具多数胚珠,花柱线形,柱头5-10个。蒴果木质或近于木质,卵形或长卵形,室背开裂。种子具翅,翅长为全长的一半,胚乳薄,子叶褶合。本属有8(-17)种,产于亚洲热带和亚热带。我国有5种,见于广东、广西、贵州和云南的南部。云南全产。我国产各种都可放养紫胶虫,为紫胶虫的良好寄主。紫胶为工业上的重要原料。
9.火绳树属——Eriolaena DC.
DC. in Mem. Mus. Paris 10:102. t. 5. 1823. Wallichia DC. op. cit. 10: 104. t. 6. 1823.
乔木或灌木。叶心形,边缘具齿或掌状浅裂,稀为矩圆形及全缘,下面被星状柔毛,稀几无毛;托叶早落,条形。花腋生稀顶生,有花1-2朵,稀为具多花的总状花序;小苞片3-5枚,有锯齿或条裂,稀全缘;萼被短柔毛,在芽中为卵形,顶端急尖,开花时5深裂几至基部几,萼片镊合状排列,条形,顶端尖锐,内面近基部被柔毛;花瓣5片,下部收缩成扁平的有绒毛的爪;雄蕊连合成筒,为单体雄蕊,花丝在顶端分离;花药多数,线状矩圆形,2室,药室平行,无退化雄蕊;子房无柄,5-10室,被柔毛,每室具多数胚珠,花柱线形,柱头5-10个。蒴果木质或近于木质,卵形或长卵形,室裂;种子具翅,翅长为全长的一半;胚乳薄,子叶褶合。
本属的模式种:Eriolaena wallichii DC.
本属有17种,产亚洲热带和亚热带。我国有5种,产云南、广西、贵州和四川南部。
我国产的本属各种都可放养紫胶虫,为紫胶虫的良好寄主,紫胶为工业上的重要原料。