生物全息数据库系统

基本信息

学名(拉丁名)	Eleocharis
中文名	荸荠属
中文科名	莎草科
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Cyperaceae

学名(拉丁名)	Eleocharis
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Cyperaceae

学名(拉丁名)	Eleocharis
中文名	荸荠属
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Cyperaceae

学名(拉丁名)	Eleocharis
中文名	荸荠属
中文科名	莎草科
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Cyperaceae

学名(拉丁名)	Eleocharis
发表年份	1810(年)
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Cyperaceae

学名(拉丁名)	Eleocharis
类型	genus

名称状态

学名	状态	来源	命名人
Eleocharis	接受名	The Plant List
Eleocharis	接受名	云南植物志

下级分类单元

检索表

1	Spikelet usually cylindric or narrowly ellipsoid, as wide as culms; culms usually stout, sometimes transversely septate with nodes evident on surface (in E. dulcis ); leaf sheath mouth oblique; glumes firm, subcartilaginous, rarely subpapery or membranous, midvein obscure or indistinct but with 15 or more prominent to obscure close longitudinal veins	(2)
1 +	Spikelet ovoid to narrowly ovoid, rarely cylindric, usually wider than culms; culms slender, nodes not evident on surface; leaf sheath mouth truncate or slightly oblique, rarely with a scarious appendage; glumes generally membranous, midvein distinct or rarely obscure	(7)
2 (1)	Culms with transverse septa, nodes evident on surface when dry; spikelet with basal 2 glumes empty, rarely 1 with a flower; nutlet surface essentially smooth. (1)	E. dulcis
2 (1) +	Culms without transverse septa, nodes not evident on surface when dry; spikelet with only basalmost glume empty; nutlet surface cancellate or reticulate	(3)
3 (2)	Culms terete. (6)	E. ochrostachys
3 (2) +	Culms 3-angled, rarely acutely 4- or 5-angled	(4)
4 (3)	Culms firm, with pith in center; glumes broadly ovate or subquadrate, as long as wide	(5)
4 (3) +	Culms spongy, subhollow; glumes narrowly ovate or broadly lanceolate, ca. 2 × as long as wide	(6)
5 (4)	Leaf sheath mouth with setaceous appendage; glumes densely imbricate, subquadrate, apex truncate; nutlet apex not constricted; perianth bristles as long as or shorter than nutlet. (2)	E. spiralis
5 (4) +	Leaf sheath mouth acute but without an appendage; glumes laxly imbricate, broadly ovate, apex rounded; nutlet apex constricted; perianth bristles ca. 2 × as long as nutlet. (3)	E. trilateralis
6 (4)	Culms 3-angled, (1-)3-4 mm thick; spikelet 1.5-4 cm × 3-5 mm; glumes broadly ovate, 3-3.5 mm wide, subleathery, apex rounded; nutlet surface shallowly pitted with 13-15 longitudinal rows of transversely oriented, oblong to linear epidermal cells. (4)	E. acutangula
6 (4) +	Culms acutely 4- or 5-angled, 1.5-2.5 mm thick; spikelet 2-5 cm × 2.5-3 mm; glumes broadly lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, membranous, apex obtuse to slightly acute; nutlet surface deeply pitted with 15-20 longitudinal rows of hexagonal epidermal cells. (5)	E. philippinensis
7 (1)	Persistent style base scarcely differentiated from nutlet apex and seemingly a continuation of it	(8)
7 (1) +	Persistent style base differentiated from nutlet apex by a constriction or articulation at junction with it	(10)
8 (8)	Annuals, neither stoloniferous or rhizomatous; culms often recurved; persistent style base pyramidal-acuminate; nutlet narrowly winged on angles, reticulate to deeply pitted-reticulate with isodiametric epidermal cells (9)	E. retroflexa
8 (8) +	Perennials, stoloniferous; culms erect to ascending; persistent style base triangular-subulate or subconic; nutlet not winged on angles, essentially smooth	(9)
9 (8)	Culms 1-7 cm tall; spikelets 2-4 mm, 6-10-flowered; persistent style base triangular-subulate; nutlet. 9-1.5 mm, smooth. (7)	E. parvula
9 (8) +	Culms 3-30 cm tall; spikelets 4-7 mm, 2-7-flowered; persistent style base subconic to 3-angled-subulate; nutlet 1.9-2.5 mm, appearing smooth but finely cellular-reticulate. (8)	E. quinqueflora
10 (7)	Stigmas 3	(11)
10 (7) +	Stigmas 2	(19)
11 (10)	Culms short and very slender; spikelet few flowered; glumes subdistichous at base of spikelet; nutlet terete or nearly so, longitudinally ridged with ridges separated by numerous cross-walls (trabeculae). (10)	E. yokoscensis
11 (10) +	Culms elongate and ± stout; spikelet many flowered; glumes spirally imbricate; nutlet 3-sided to compressed 3-sided, essentially smooth	(12)
12 (11)	Culms acutely (3 or)4(-6)-angled; spikelet not proliferous at base; nutlet brownish when mature	(13)
12 (11) +	Culms terete; spikelet usually proliferous at base; nutlet olivaceous or yellowish when mature	(14)
13 (12)	Glumes 3-4 × 1-1.5 mm, margin narrow and hyaline; nutlet 1.2-1.5 mm and as wide; perianth bristles laxly to densely retrorsely spinulose; persistent style base deltoid, 1/2-2/3 as long as nutlet. (11)	E. tetraquetra
13 (12) +	Glumes 4-6 × 2-2.5 mm, margin broad and hyaline; nutlet 1.5-2 mm and as wide; perianth bristles plumose with spreading hairs; persistent style base narrowly ovoid, as long and as wide as nutlet or nearly so. (12)	E. wichurae
14 (12)	Glumes ovate-lanceolate, 3-4 mm, apex acute; persistent style base narrowly 3-angled to conic, attenuate to a short caudal tip, ca. 1/2 as long as nutlet; rhizome decumbent or obliquely ascending. (13)	E. yunnanensis
14 (12) +	Glumes oblong, suboblong, ovate, or elliptic, 1.5-2.5 mm, apex obtuse or rounded; persistent style base 3-angled, pyramidal, deltoid, narrowly ovoid, or subconic, ca. 1/4 as long as nutlet; rhizome absent or present	(15)
15 (14)	Persistent style base depressed, deltoid-pyramidal, as wide as nutlet or nearly so. (17)	E. attenuata
15 (14) +	Persistent style base not depressed, deltoid, narrowly ovoid, or subconic, often shortly attenuate to apex, ca. 1/2 as wide as nutlet	(16)
16 (15)	Perianth bristles exceeding tip of style base. (18)	E. congesta
16 (15) +	Perianth bristles shorter than tip of style base	(17)
17 (16)	Annuals; spikelet narrowly ovoid, oblong-ovoid, cylindric, or rarely globose-ovoid, (3-)5-10 mm, several to many flowered; glumes oblong. (14)	E. pellucida
17 (16) +	Perennials; spikelet ovoid or ovoid-cylindric, 2.5-6 mm, few flowered; glumes ovate or elliptic	(18)
18 (17)	Perianth bristles 6, slightly shorter than nutlet; nutlet obovoid, ca. 1 mm. (15)	E. maximowiczii
18 (17) +	Perianth bristles 2-5, 1/4-1/2 as long as nutlet; nutlet oblong to oblong-obovoid, ca. 1.5 mm. (16)	E. setulosa
19 (10)	Annuals; persistent style base not spongy-thickened; stolons absent; spikelet ovoid, subglobose, or oblong-ovoid, (2-)3-5(-8) mm	(20)
19 (10) +	Perennials; persistent style base spongy-thickened but rarely obscurely so; stolons often present; spikelet narrowly ovoid, narrowly oblong-ovoid, or ellipsoid-cylindric, (3-)7-25 mm	(22)
20 (19)	Persistent style base dorsiventrally compressed, deltoid; nutlet brownish at maturity. (19)	E. ovata
20 (19) +	Persistent style base depressed conic or saucer-shaped; nutlet black at maturity and lustrous	(21)
21 (20)	Nutlet 0.7-1.1 mm; perianth bristles 6-8, rust-colored; persistent style base depressed conic, slightly reflexed basally on both sides. (20)	E. geniculata
21 (20) +	Nutlet 0.3-0.6 mm; perianth bristles 4-6, colorless or white; persistent style base saucer-shaped, not reflexed basally. (21)	E. atropurpurea
22 (19)	Basalmost glume empty, suborbicular, spathiform, usually completely encircling base of spikelet	(23)
22 (19) +	Basal 2 or 3 glumes empty, basalmost encircling 1/2 or less of spikelet base	(28)
23 (22)	Persistent style base large, mitriform, cellular-spongy, ovoid, more than 2/3 to as long as nutlet. (30)	E. kamtschatica
23 (22) +	Persistent style base conic, broadly ovoid, deltoid, 3-angled, or depressed, less than 1/2 as long as nutlet	(24)
24 (23)	Persistent style base depressed, subpatelliform (disk-shaped). (31)	E. fennica
24 (23) +	Persistent style base shallowly conic-ovoid, obtusely 3-angled, low conic, or shortly 3-angled	(25)
25 (24)	Glumes oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate; persistent style base shallowly conic-ovoid, nearly as long as wide, nearly 1/2 as long as nutlet. (32)	E. uniglumis
25 (24) +	Glumes ovate; persistent style base obtusely 3-angled or low conic, shorter than or nearly as long as wide, 1/4-1/3 as long as nutlet	(26)
26 (25)	Persistent style base obtusely 3-angled, nearly as long as wide, ca. 1/3 as wide as nutlet; perianth bristles 4, slightly longer than nutlet. (33)	E. penchaoi
26 (25) +	Persistent style base low conic or shortly 3-angled, shorter than wide, ca. 1/2 as wide as nutlet; perianth bristles 4-6, slightly shorter to slightly longer than nutlet	(27)
27 (26)	Culms 8-25 cm tall; spikelet 3-4 mm wide; glumes ovate to broadly ovate, ca. 3 mm, apex acute; perianth bristles as long as or slightly longer than nutlet. (34)	E. erhaiensis
27 (26) +	Culms 25-30 cm tall; spikelet 2-3 mm wide; glumes ovate to oblong-ovate, ca. 4 mm, apex obtuse; perianth bristles slightly shorter than nutlet. (35)	E. qinghaiensis
28 (22)	Persistent style base oblong-ovoid to oblong-conic, much longer than wide. (29)	E. palustris
28 (22) +	Persistent style base shortly conic, globose-ovoid, broadly ovoid, subquadrate, or globose, as wide as or wider than long	(29)
29 (28)	Leaf sheaths scarious (at least apical ones), mouth with a deep sinus ventrally. (26)	E. argyrolepis
29 (28) +	Leaf sheaths herbaceous, mouth truncate to obliquely truncate	(30)
30 (29)	Spikelet broadly ovoid to oblong, 3-8 mm, few flowered. (27)	E. abnorma
30 (29) +	Spikelet oblong to oblong-lanceolate, (7-)10-30 mm, many flowered	(31)
31 (30)	Glume apices obtuse to subrounded; persistent style base broadly ovoid, rounded-ovoid, subquadrate, or globose	(32)
31 (30) +	Glume apices acute to subacute; persistent style base shortly conic, conic, or globose	(33)
32 (31)	Glumes ovate to oblong-ovate; nutlet globose-obovoid; persistent style base broadly ovoid. (28)	E. valleculosa
32 (31) +	Glumes oblong to linear-oblong; nutlet usually ellipsoid; persistent style base globose-ovoid to subquadrate. (22)	E. liouana
33 (31)	Persistent style base globose or wider than long, mammiform or mitriform (cap-shaped). (25)	E. mitracarpa
33 (31) +	Persistent style base shortly conic to conic	(34)
34 (33)	Glumes oblong-lanceolate; nutlet obovoid,. 7-0.8 mm wide; persistent style base narrowly conic. (23)	E. migoana
34 (33) +	Glumes ovate to oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate; nutlet broadly obovoid to orbicular-obovoid, 1-1.3 mm wide; persistent style base depressed conic or shortly conic. (24)	E. ussuriensis

形态特征

多年生或一年生草本。根状茎短或无，常具分枝的地下匍匐茎。秆丛生或单生，圆柱形或三棱柱形，少数为四至五棱柱形。叶生于秆的基部，多数无叶片仅具叶鞘，少数叶片鳞片状或芒状。苞片鳞片状，生于小穗基部，中空无花；小穗单一，顶生，直立，具或多或少的两性花，花单生于鳞片腋内；鳞片螺旋状排列，极少近二列；下位刚毛通常4—6条，少数可多至8条或无下位刚毛，常具倒刺；花柱基部膨大成各种形状，宿存；柱头2—3个，较细长。小坚果宽倒卵形、倒卵形或长圆状倒卵形，三棱形或双凸状，平滑或具网纹。本属约150种，除南北极外，广布于全球各洲，热带、亚热带地区种类较多。我国产30多种和一些变种。云南产10种2变种。

区系物种

亚地区地区亚区分布区

分布物种

Sample Name:	Chernoluch, Pliocene	Formation:
Age:		Epoch (to):	Pliocene~
Stage:	~	Contributer:
Ecology:		Climate:

locality name:	Chernoluch	Province/State:	Omsk
Continents:	Europe	county:	Irtysh River
country:	Russian Federation	longitude-decimal degrees:	73.016667
latitude-decimal degrees:	55.216667	elevation [m]:
Notes:

Western Siberia-Dorofeev, 1963
title:	Tretichnye Flory Zapadnoi Sibiri (Tertiary Floras of Western Siberia)
Year:	1963	Type:	book
Volume:		Issue:
Pages:	1-343	Publisher:
Location of publisher:		General:
Authors:	P. I. Dorofeev

Sample Name:	Kaltensundheim bei Meiningen	Formation:
Age:		Epoch (to):	Pliocene~
Stage:	Piacenzian~	Contributer:
Ecology:		Climate:

locality name:	Kaltensundheim bei Meiningen	Province/State:	Thuringia
Continents:		county:
country:	Germany	longitude-decimal degrees:	10.166667
latitude-decimal degrees:	50.616667	elevation [m]:
Notes:

Kaltensundheim-Mai and Walther, 1988
title:	Die pliozaenen Floren von Thueringen, Deutsche Demokratische Republik
Year:	1988	Type:	journal
Volume:	7	Issue:
Pages:	55-297	Publisher:
Location of publisher:		General:
Authors:	D. H. Mai and H. Walther

Eleocharis
Family Name:	Cyperaceae	Genera name:	Eleocharis
Species name:		Genera status:
NLR:		Comments:

Kholmech-Velichkevich and Zastawniak, 2003
title:	The Pliocene flora of Kholmech, south-eastern Belarus and its correlation with other Pliocene floras of Europe
Year:	2003	Type:	journal
Volume:	43	Issue:	2
Pages:	137-259	Publisher:
Location of publisher:		General:
Authors:	Felix Yu. VELICHKEVICH and Ewa ZASTAWNIAK

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