生物全息数据库系统

基本信息

学名(拉丁名)	Dalbergia
中文名	黄檀属
命名人	Linn. f.
中文科名	豆科
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Leguminosae

学名(拉丁名)	Dalbergia
中文名	黄檀属
中文科名	蝶形花科
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Papilionaceae

学名(拉丁名)	Dalbergia
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Leguminosae

学名(拉丁名)	Dalbergia
中文名	黄檀属
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Fabaceae

学名(拉丁名)	Dalbergia
中文名	黄檀属
中文科名	豆科
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Fabaceae

学名(拉丁名)	Dalbergia
中文名	黄檀属
中文科名	豆科
类型	genus
拉丁科名	Fabaceae

学名(拉丁名)	Dalbergia
类型	genus

名称状态

学名	状态	来源
Dalbergia	接受名	The Plant List
Dalbergia	接受名	云南植物志
Dalbergia	接受名	中国植物志
Dalbergia	接受名	Flora of China

下级分类单元

检索表

floraChina
foc

1	雄蕊10枚，基部合生，基部以上花丝管不规则分裂而成不完全的三至五体雄蕊；小叶通常9片，有时3 或5-6对，卵形至卵状披针形，长1.5-4厘米，宽8-16毫米。	多体蕊黄檀 Dalbergia polyadelpha
1	雄蕊9或10枚，单体（第一项共3条）。 (2)
1	雄蕊10枚，成5与5的二体雄蕊。 (20)
2	小叶小，长在2厘米以下，数多，通常在10对以上（10-20对）。（红果黄檀偶有17片小叶）。 (3)
2	小叶较大，长2厘米以上（只有藤黄檀的小叶长1-2厘米，但小叶数为3-6对），少数，通常为1-7对。 (8)
3	荚果干时红褐色，全果具粗大的网纹；小叶8-13对。	红果黄檀 Dalbergia tsoi
3	荚果干时非红褐色，全果或仅在对种子部分有细网纹；小叶线状长圆形或狭长圆形，长为宽的2.5-3倍。 (4)
4	小叶斜长圆形，基部偏斜左右不对称，一侧圆，他侧楔形；花瓣具长柄；花序密被褐色短柔毛；荚果干时褐色，有光泽。	斜叶黄檀 Dalbergia pinnata
4	小叶基部对称，两侧相等（港粤黄檀小叶基部略不等侧）；花瓣具短柄；花序略被毛或无毛；荚果干时无光泽。 (5)
5	小叶膜质，长圆形，长8-15毫米，两面被褐色丝质柔毛；花序很小，长3-5毫米。	白沙黄檀 Dalbergia peishaensis
5	小叶纸质，线状长圆形或狭长圆形，两面无毛或仅于嫩时被毛，老时无毛；花序较大，长1-6厘米。 (6)
6	小叶15-20对，两端钝或圆形；荚果宽7.5厘米。	狭叶黄檀 Dalbergia stenophylla
6	小叶10-17对，先端截形，微凹，基部楔形或阔楔形；荚果宽10-20毫米。 (7)
7	小苞片脱落；旗瓣长圆状倒卵形；荚果仅于对种子部分有网纹。	象鼻藤 Dalbergia mimosoides
7	小苞片宿存；旗瓣圆形；荚果全部有网纹。	香港黄檀 Dalbergia millettii
8	小叶1-2对。 (9)
8	小叶2-7对。 (10)
9	小叶近圆形或倒心形，长宽近相等，先端圆，具短尾尖，成长时上面无毛，有光泽；花萼裂齿不等长，下面1枚披针形，最长；荚果对种子处略具网纹。	印度黄檀 Dalbergia sissoo
9	小叶卵形，长比宽大，先端钝，稍凹入，无尾尖，成长时下面密被锈毛；花萼裂齿三角形，近等长；荚果全面具清晰的细网纹。	蒙自黄檀 Dalbergia henryana
10	荚果半月形，具1种子时长2.5厘米以下；花序近无总花梗；沿海地区生长的藤本植物。	弯枝黄檀 Dalbergia candenatensis
10	荚果长圆形、舌状长圆形或带状，长3厘米以上；花序有总花梗，非沿海地区的植物。 (11)
11	花萼裂片近相等，三角形，阔三角形或卵状三角形。 (12)
11	花萼下部1枚裂齿明显比其他4枚长，常为披针形或长圆形。 (15)
12	小叶小，长1-2厘米；子房具短柄；旗瓣不外反。	藤黄檀 Dalbergia hancei
12	小叶较大，长3.5厘米以上；子房具长柄；旗瓣向外反折。 (13)
13	小叶卵状披针形，先端急尖，长7-10厘米。	滇南黄檀 Dalbergia kingiana
13	小叶卵形、椭圆形或长圆形，先端钝、圆或微缺，长3.5-6厘米。 (14)
14	藤本；小叶2-3对，基部楔形；旗瓣椭圆形，基部具短耳。	两粤黄檀 Dalbergia benthami
14	乔木；小叶4-6对，基部圆形；旗瓣圆形，无耳。	缅甸黄檀 Dalbergia burmanica
15	小叶较小，长4厘米以下（长2-4厘米，宽1-2厘米）。 (16)
15	小叶较大，长4厘米以上（长4-14厘米，宽2-8厘米）。 (17)
16	藤本；小叶基部楔形，网脉于两面明显凸起；旗瓣圆形。	大金刚藤 Dalbergia dyeriana
16	高大乔木；小叶基部圆或钝，网脉不明显凸；旗瓣阔倒心形。	黑黄檀 Dalbergia fusca
17	小叶两端圆形，顶微缺。 (18)
17	小叶先端渐尖或急尖。 (19)
18	小叶较小，长2.5-5（-7.5)厘米，宽1.2-2 (3.3)厘米，通常长倍于宽，两面被伏贴细柔毛，下面中脉上毛较密；旗瓣倒卵状长圆形。	滇黔黄檀 Dalbergia yunnanensis
18	小叶较大，长5-14厘米，宽4.5-8厘米，长宽近相等或长略大于宽，两面无毛；旗瓣长圆形。	钝叶黄檀 Dalbergia obtusifolia
19	小叶两面无毛；荚果对种子部分明显凸起如象棋子状，网纹不显著。	降香 Dalbergia odorifera
19	小叶下面被疏毛；荚果全部有网纹，对种子部分略凸起，网纹更显著。	多裂黄檀 Dalbergia rimosa
20	小叶较多，6-10对；托叶大，叶状，卵形、卵状披针形或镰状披针形；花序密被褐色绒毛、柔毛或丝质柔毛。 (21)
20	小叶较少，3-8对；托叶小，非叶状；花序疏被短柔毛。 (23)
21	荚果较小，长2.5-5厘米，宽6-10毫米；小叶下面密被柔毛。	毛叶黄檀 Dalbergia sericea
21	荚果较大，长5-11厘米，宽1.2-3.2厘米；小叶下面疏被伏贴的短柔毛，渐变无毛。 (22)
22	小叶长为宽的近3倍；荚果较阔，宽2-3.2 (-4)厘米，先端钝或圆，基部圆或阔楔形。	托叶黄檀 Dalbergia stipulacea
22	小叶长为宽的1.5-2倍；荚果较狭，宽1.2-1.8厘米，先端急尖，基部渐狭，楔形。	秧青 Dalbergia assamica
23	小叶先端短渐尖，决不凹入；旗瓣倒卵状长圆形；花冠粉红色。	海南黄檀 Dalbergia hainanensis
23	小叶片先端圆、钝或微入；旗瓣圆形；花冠白色或淡紫色。 (24)
24	小叶3-5对，较阔，宽2.5-4厘米；花萼上部2枚裂齿阔而圆，侧面2枚卵形；旗瓣基部无附属体；荚果较狭，宽1.3-1.5厘米。	黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana
24	小叶6-7对，较狭，宽约2厘米；花萼上部与侧面裂齿均为三角形；旗瓣基部有2枚小附属体；荚果较阔；宽2-2.5厘米。	南岭黄檀 Dalbergia balansae

1	Stamens 10, filaments connate at base, irregularly separated to incompletely 3-5-adelphous on upper part; leaflets (7 or)9(or 11-13), ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-4 × 0.8-1.6 cm. (28)	D. polyadelpha
1 +	Stamens 9 or 10, monadelphous or diadelphous	(2)
2 (1)	Stamens 10, diadelphous (5+5)	(3)
2 (1) +	Stamens 9, occasionally 10, monadelphous	(8)
3 (2)	Leaflets numerous (13-21); stipules large, leaflike, ovate-lanceolate or falcate-lanceolate; inflorescence densely brown villous, pubescent, or silky pubescent	(4)
3 (2) +	Leaflets fewer (7-17); stipules small, not leaflike; inflorescence sparsely puberulent	(6)
4 (3)	Legume 2.5-5 × 0.6-1 cm; leaflets abaxially densely pubescent. (25)	D. sericea
4 (3) +	Legume 5-11 × 1.2-3.2 cm; leaflets sparsely appressed puberulent, gradually glabrous	(5)
5 (4)	Length of leaflet blade nearly 3 × width; legume wider, apex obtuse or broadly cuneate, base rounded or broadly cuneate. (23)	D. stipulacea
5 (4) +	Length of leaflet blade 1.5-2 × width; legume narrower, apex acute, base attenuate to cuneate. (24)	D. assamica
6 (3)	Leaflets shortly acuminate, never emarginate at apex; standard obovate-oblong; corolla pink. (26)	D. hainanensis
6 (3) +	Leaflets rounded, obtuse, or slightly emarginate at apex; standard orbicular; corolla white or light purple	(7)
7 (6)	Leaflet abaxial surface with finely reticulate veinlets; legume 16-23 mm wide. (11)	D. volubilis
7 (6) +	Leaflet abaxial surface without obvious reticulate veinlets; legume narrow, 13-15 mm wide. (27)	D. hupeana
8 (2)	Leaflets less than 2 cm, numerous, usually more than 21 (21-41) (except D. tsoi occasionally with 17)	(9)
8 (2) +	Leaflets more than 2 cm (except D. hancei with leaflets 1-2 cm)	(14)
9 (8)	Legume reddish brown when dry, strongly reticulate throughout; leaflets 17-27, elliptic to oblong. (1)	D. tsoi
9 (8) +	Legume not reddish brown, finely reticulate everywhere or opposite seeds; leaflets 21-42, linear-oblong or narrowly oblong, 2.5-3 × as long as wide	(10)
10 (9)	Leaflets trapezoid-oblong, two sides of base asymmetric, one side rounded, other side cuneate; petals long clawed; inflorescence densely rusty puberulent; legume brown and shiny when dry. (2)	D. pinnata
10 (9) +	Leaflets symmetric at base (except D. millettii with leaflets slightly asymmetric); petals shortly clawed; inflorescence somewhat hairy or glabrous; legume dull colored, not shiny when dry	(11)
11 (10)	Leaflets membranous, oblong, 8-15 mm, appressed brown silky pubescent on both surfaces; standard transversely elliptic. (3)	D. peishaensis
11 (10) +	Leaflets papery, linear-oblong or narrowly oblong, glabrous on both surfaces or hairy when young, glabrous when old; standard oblong-obovate, broadly obovate, or orbicular	(12)
12 (11)	Leaflets 31-41, obtuse or rounded at both ends; legume ca. 7.5 mm wide. (4)	D. stenophylla
12 (11) +	Leaflets 21-35, truncate, emarginate at apex, cuneate or broadly cuneate at base; legume 10-20 mm wide	(13)
13 (12)	Standard oblong-obovate; legume reticulate opposite seeds. (5)	D. mimosoides
13 (12) +	Standard orbicular; legume veined throughout. (6)	D. millettii
14 (8)	Leaflets 3-5	(15)
14 (8) +	Leaflets 5-15	(16)
15 (14)	Leaflets suborbicular or obcordate, length and width of blade subequal, apex rounded and shortly caudate, both surfaces glabrous and adaxially shiny when old; teeth of calyx unequal, lowest lanceolate, longer than others; legume faintly reticulate opposite seeds. (7)	D. sissoo
15 (14) +	Leaflets ovate, longer than wide, obtuse, slightly emarginate at apex, abaxially densely rusty pubescent; teeth of calyx subequal, triangular; legume distinctly reticulate throughout. (8)	D. henryana
16 (14)	Legume half-moon-shaped, less than 2.5 cm when 1-seeded; inflorescence subsessile; woody climbers growing in littoral region. (9)	D. candenatensis
16 (14) +	Legume oblong, ligulate-oblong, or strap-shaped, longer than 3 cm; inflorescence with peduncle; plants not of littoral region	(17)
17 (16)	Teeth of calyx subequal in length, triangular, broadly triangular, ovate-triangular, or ovate	(18)
17 (16) +	Teeth of calyx unequal in length, lowest teeth lanceolate or oblong ( D. rimosa with lowest tooth of calyx lanceolate, but subequal in length to others)	(21)
18 (17)	Standard not reflexed, obovate or elliptic; ovary shortly stipitate. (10)	D. hancei
18 (17) +	Standard reflexed, orbicular or elliptic; ovary long stipitate	(19)
19 (18)	Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 7-10 cm, apex acute. (12)	D. kingiana
19 (18) +	Leaflets ovate, elliptic, or oblong, 3.5-6 cm, apex obtuse, rounded, or emarginate	(20)
20 (19)	Climbers; leaflets 5-7, base cuneate; standard elliptic, base shortly auriculate. (13)	D. benthamii
20 (19) +	Trees; leaflets 9-13, base rounded; standard orbicular, base not auriculate. (14)	D. burmanica
21 (17)	Leaflets less than 4 cm (1-4 × 0.8-2 cm; though sometimes larger and up to 5.5 cm in D. ximengensis )	(22)
21 (17) +	Leaflets more than 4 cm (4-14 × 2-8 cm; though sometimes smaller and less than 4 cm in D. yunnanensis )	(25)
22 (21)	Climbers or shrubs; standard oblong, obovate-oblong, or suborbicular	(23)
22 (21) +	Trees; standard obovate or obcordate	(24)
23 (22)	Large climbers; leaflets thinly leathery, glabrous, shiny adaxially, veinlets finely and closely reticulate, conspicuously prominent on both surfaces. (15)	D. dyeriana
23 (22) +	Shrubs; leaflets papery, appressed sparsely grayish white pubescent and veins slightly impressed adaxially. (16)	D. jingxiensis
24 (22)	Leaflets (7-)11-13, leathery, ovate-elliptic or oblong, adaxially glabrous, terminal and lateral leaflets subequal in length. (17)	D. cultrata
24 (22) +	Leaflets 7-9, thickly papery, elliptic or obovate, adaxially appressed pubescent, terminal and lateral leaflets very unequal in length (terminal leaflet often more than 4 × as large as lowest). (18)	D. ximengensis
25 (21)	Leaflets rounded at both ends, slightly emarginate at apex	(26)
25 (21) +	Leaflets acuminate or acute at apex	(27)
26 (25)	Leaflets 2.5-5(-7.5) × 1-2(-3.3) cm, length usually ca. 2 × width, both surfaces appressed puberulent, more densely so on midvein abaxially; standard obovate-oblong. (19)	D. yunnanensis
26 (25) +	Leaflets 5-14 × 4.5-8 cm, length and width subequal or length slightly exceeding width, both surfaces glabrous; standard oblong. (20)	D. obtusifolia
27 (25)	Leaflets glabrous on both surfaces; legume ± inconspicuously reticulate, reticulation distinctly prominent opposite seeds. (21)	D. odorifera
27 (25) +	Leaflets sparsely hairy; legume reticulate throughout, reticulation conspicuously and slightly prominent opposite seeds. (22)	D. rimosa

形态特征

乔木、灌木或木质藤本。奇数羽状复叶；托叶小，早落；小叶互生，花小，常多数，组成顶生或腋生的圆锥花序；苞片和小苞片常小，稀宿存；花萼钟状，裂齿5，下方1枚通常最长，稀近等长，上方2枚常较阔且部分合生；花冠白色、淡绿色、黄色或紫色，花瓣具柄，旗瓣卵形、长圆形或圆形，先端常凹缺，翼瓣长圆形，瓣片基部楔形、截形或箭头形，前喙先端多少合生；雄蕊10或9，通常合生为单体雄蕊或5＋5的二体雄蕊，稀不规则开裂为三至五体雄蕊或对旗瓣的1枚离生而组成9＋1的二体雄蕊，花药小，直，顶端短纵裂；子房具柄，花柱内弯，柱头小。荚果不开裂，长圆形或带状、翅果状，种子部分加厚且具网纹；种子1至数粒，肾形，扁平，胚根内弯。约100种，分布于亚洲、非洲或美洲的热带地区和亚热带地区。我国有28种，1变种，产西南部、南部至中部；云南有14种，1变种。本属的一些种类为优良的木材和紫胶虫寄主，还有些种类可药用和观赏。

7. 黄檀属 Dalbergia Linn. f. nom. conserv.

Linn. f. Suppl. 52. 1781; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1: 544. 1865; Engl. et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(3): 333. 1892; Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. 10(1): 31. 1904; Hutch. Gen. Fl. Pl. 1: 389. 1964.

乔木、灌木或木质藤本。奇数羽状复叶；托叶通常小且早落；小叶互生；无小托叶。花小，通常多数，组成顶生或腋生圆锥花序。分枝有时呈二歧聚伞状；苞片和小苞片通常小，脱落，稀宿存；花萼钟状，裂齿5，下方1枚通常最长，稀近等长，上方2枚常较阔且部分合生；花冠白色、淡绿色或紫色，花瓣具柄，旗瓣卵形、长圆形或圆形，先端常凹缺，翼瓣长圆形，瓣片基部楔形、截形或箭头状，龙骨瓣钝头，前喙先端多少合生；雄蕊10或9枚，通常合生为一上侧边缘开口的鞘（单体雄蕊），或鞘的下侧亦开裂而组成5 5的二体雄蕊，极稀不规则开裂为三至五体雄蕊，对旗瓣的1枚雄蕊稀离生而组成9 1的二体雄蕊，花药小，直，顶端短纵裂；子房具柄，有少数胚数，花柱内弯，粗短、纤细或锥尖，柱头小。荚果不开裂，长圆形或带状，翅果状，对种子部分多少加厚且常具网纹，其余部分扁平而薄，稀为近圆形或半月形而略厚，有1至数粒种子；种子肾形，扁平，胚根内弯。

本属模式种：Dalbergia lanceolaria Linn. f.

约100种，分布于亚洲、非洲和美洲的热带和亚热带地区。我国有28种，1变种，产西南部、南部至中部。

本属的一些种类为优良的材用树种及紫胶虫寄主树，还有些种类供药用和观赏。

分布区域

标本分布记录
物种2000中文版

标本份数

地图

卫星

矢量图

国家省级市级县级

区系物种

亚地区地区亚区分布区

分布物种

Sample Name:	Bela_Stena	Formation:
Age:		Epoch (to):	Miocene~
Stage:	~	Contributer:
Ecology:		Climate:

locality name:	Bela_Stena	Province/State:
Continents:		county:
country:	Serbia	longitude-decimal degrees:	44.15
latitude-decimal degrees:	19.9	elevation [m]:
Notes:

Bela_Stena-Pantic, 1956
title:	Biostratigrafija tercijarne flore Srbije
Year:	1956	Type:
Volume:		Issue:
Pages:	199 – 321	Publisher:
Location of publisher:		General:
Authors:	Nikola K. Pantic

Sample Name:	Bozdarevac	Formation:
Age:		Epoch (to):	Miocene~
Stage:	m Sarmatian~	Contributer:
Ecology:		Climate:

locality name:	Bozdarevac	Province/State:
Continents:		county:
country:	Serbia	longitude-decimal degrees:	44.7
latitude-decimal degrees:	20.5	elevation [m]:
Notes:

Chalk Bluff-MacGinitie, 1941
title:	A Middle Eocene Flora from the Central Sierra Nevada
Year:	1941	Type:	journal
Volume:	534	Issue:
Pages:	1-178	Publisher:
Location of publisher:		General:
Authors:	H. D. MacGinitie

Eger-Hably and Manchester, 2000
title:	Fruits of Tetrapterys (Malpighiaceae) from the Oligocene of Hungary and Slovenia
Year:	2000	Type:	journal
Volume:	262	Issue:
Pages:	71-90	Publisher:
Location of publisher:		General:
Authors:	Hably, L. & Manchester, S.R.