| 学名(拉丁名) | Cystopteris fragilis |
| 中文名 | 冷蕨 |
| 命名人 | (L.) Bernh. |
| 中文科名 | 蹄盖蕨科 |
| 拉丁属名 | Cystopteris |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Athyriaceae |
| 中文属名 | 冷蕨属 |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Cystopteris fragilis |
| 中文名 | 冷蕨 |
| 中文科名 | 蹄盖蕨科 |
| 拉丁属名 | Cystopteris |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Athyriaceae |
| 中文属名 | 冷蕨属 |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Cystopteris fragilis |
| 中文名 | 冷蕨 |
| 中文科名 | 蹄盖蕨科 |
| 类型 | |
| 拉丁科名 | ATHYRIACEAE |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Cystopteris fragilis |
| 中文名 | 冷蕨 |
| 中文科名 | 蹄盖蕨科 |
| 类型 | |
| 拉丁科名 | Athyriaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Cystopteris fragilis |
| 命名人 | (L.) Bernh. (accepted name) |
| 拉丁属名 | Cystopteris |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Cystopteridaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Cystopteris fragilis |
| 命名人 | (L.) Bernh. |
| 发表年份 | 1806(年) |
| 拉丁属名 | Cystopteris |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Cystopteridaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Cystopteris fragilis |
| 中文名 | 冷蕨 |
| 拉丁属名 | Cystopteris |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Cystopteridaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Cystopteris fragilis |
| 中文名 | 冷蕨 |
| 中文科名 | 蹄盖蕨科 |
| 拉丁属名 | Cystopteris |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Athyriaceae |
| 中文属名 | 冷蕨属 |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Cystopteris fragilis |
| 发表年份 | 1806 [1805](年) |
| 拉丁属名 | Cystopteris |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Cystopteridaceae |
| 学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aspidium viridulum | Synonym | The Plant List | Desv. |
| Aspidium dentatum | Synonym | The Plant List | Sw. |
| Aspidium fragile | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Sw. |
| Cystea dentata | Synonym | The Plant List | Sm. |
| Aspidium fragile var. fumarioides | Synonym | The Plant List | M. Martens & Galeotti |
| Athyrium dentatum | Synonym | The Plant List | (Sw.) Gray |
| Cystopteris baenitzii | Synonym | The Plant List | Dörfl. |
| Athyrium fragile | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Spreng. |
| Athyrium fumarioides | Synonym | The Plant List | C. Presl |
| Cystopteris dentata | Synonym | The Plant List | (Sw.) Desv. |
| Cyathea anthriscifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | (Hoffm.) Roth |
| Cyathea cynapifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | (Hoffm.) Roth |
| Cystopteris diaphana | Synonym | The Plant List | (Bory) Blasdell |
| Cyathea fragilis | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) J. Sm. |
| Cyclopteris fragilis | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Gray |
| Cyste fragilis | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Dulac |
| Cystopteris filix-fragilis | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Gilib. |
| Cystea angustata | Synonym | The Plant List | (Hoffm.) Sm. |
| Cystea fragilis | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Sm. |
| Cystopteris fragilis f. angustata | Synonym | The Plant List | (Hoffm.) W.D.J. Koch |
| Cystopteris acuta | Synonym | The Plant List | Fée |
| Cystopteris fragilis f. anthriscifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | (Hoffm.) Milde |
| Cystopteris fragilis f. cynapifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | (Hoffm.) W.D.J. Koch |
| Cystopteris fragilis subsp. diaphana | Synonym | The Plant List | (Bory) Litard. |
| Cystopteris dickieana | Synonym | The Plant List | R. Sim |
| Cystopteris emarginato-denticulata | Synonym | The Plant List | Fomin |
| Cystopteris fragilis subsp. emarginato-denticulata | Synonym | The Plant List | Fomin |
| Cystopteris fragilis var. acutidentata | Synonym | The Plant List | Döll |
| Cystopteris fragilis var. angustata | Synonym | The Plant List | (Hoffm.) Link |
| Cystopteris fragilis f. fragilis | Synonym | The Plant List | |
| Cystopteris fragilis var. pinnatipartita | Synonym | The Plant List | W.D.J. Koch |
| Cystopteris fragilis var. apiiformis | Synonym | The Plant List | C. Chr. |
| Cystopteris fragilis var. baenitzii | Synonym | The Plant List | (Dörfl.) Asch. & P. Graebn. |
| Cystopteris orientalis | Synonym | The Plant List | Desv. |
| Cystopteris fragilis var. dentata | Synonym | The Plant List | (Sw.) Hook. |
| Cystopteris translucens | Synonym | The Plant List | Desv. |
| Cystopteris fragilis subsp. dickieana | Synonym | The Plant List | (R. Sim) Hyl. |
| Cystopteris fragilis var. dickieana | Synonym | The Plant List | (R. Sim) T. Moore |
| Polypodium anthriscifolium | Synonym | The Plant List | Hoffm. |
| Cystopteris fragilis subsp. fragilis | Synonym | The Plant List | |
| Cystopteris fragilis var. fragilis | Synonym | The Plant List | |
| Polypodium fragile | Synonym | The Plant List | L. |
| Cystopteris fragilis var. genuina | Synonym | The Plant List | Bernoulli |
| Cystopteris fragilis var. lobulatodentata | Synonym | The Plant List | Milde |
| Cystopteris fragilis subsp. canariensis | Accepted | The Plant List | Christ |
| Cystopteris fragilis var. rupestris | Synonym | The Plant List | Neilr. |
| Cystopteris fumarioides | Synonym | The Plant List | (C. Presl) Schott |
| Cystopteris polymorpha | Synonym | The Plant List | Bubani |
| Cystopteris sikkimensis | Synonym | The Plant List | Ching ex Bir |
| Cystopteris viridula | Synonym | The Plant List | (Desv.) Desv. |
| Filix fragilis | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Gilib. |
| Polypodium cynapifolium | Synonym | The Plant List | Hoffm. |
| Polypodium diaphanum | Synonym | The Plant List | Bory |
| Polypodium fragile var. angustatum | Synonym | The Plant List | Hoffm. |
| Cystopteris fragilis var. altajensis | Accepted | The Plant List | (Gureeva) Stepanov |
根状茎短而横卧，带有残留的叶柄基部，先端和叶柄基部被浅棕色、阔披针形鳞片；叶近生或簇生。能育叶长3—30厘米。叶柄长1.5—18厘米，直径0.1—1毫米，基部深棕色，向上禾秆色，有时略带浅棕色。叶片披针形至阔披针形，长1.5—13厘米，宽0.8—5厘米，先端短渐尖，基部略缩狭或不缩狭，一回羽状-羽片羽裂，或为二回羽状-小羽片羽裂。羽片3—10对，对生或互生，平展或略向上斜展，卵形或卵状披针形，长0.4—4厘米，宽0.1—2厘米，先端短渐尖或近钝圆，有齿，基部上侧与叶轴平行，下侧斜切，羽裂或一回羽状，下部的1—2对常略较宽，与中部的等长或略缩短。小羽片1—3对，互生，略向上斜展，卵形或长圆形，有短柄或无柄，先端急尖或钝圆，有齿，基部上侧与羽轴平行，下侧斜切，羽状浅裂至深裂。一回裂片1—7对，互生，与小羽片近同形。二回裂片2—5对，互生，略向上斜展，长圆形，先端钝圆。叶脉在一回裂片上1条至3对，在二回裂片上1条至2对。叶薄草质，干后绿色或黄绿色，叶轴和羽轴常略有易脱落的小细棕色长节毛。孢子囊群小，圆形，着生于小脉中部，在一回裂片上1—8个，在二回裂片上1至6个；囊群盖卵圆形，罕为长卵形，膜质，灰绿色或略呈浅棕色。孢子深棕色，周壁表面有较密而分布均匀的刺状突起。
产于巧家（药山）、丽江（玉龙山）、香格里拉（大雪山）、德钦（怒山、白茫雪山）；生于亚高山针阔混交林及高山灌丛地带岩隙，海拔3250—4100米。西藏、四川西部、青海、新疆、甘肃、陕西、宁夏、内蒙古、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、山西、河北、北京、河南、山东、台湾也有。广布于亚洲、欧洲和北美洲温带山地，也分布于亚洲和北美洲南部热带、亚热带高寒山地，在非洲仅分布于东部的埃塞俄比亚高原。
Polypodium fragile Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1091. 1753; Aspidium fragile (Linnaeus) Swartz; Athyrium fragile (Linnaeus) Sprengel; Cyclopteris fragilis (Linnaeus) Gray; Cyste fragilis (Linnaeus) Dulac; Cystea fragilis (Linnaeus) J. Smith; Cystopteris filix-fragilis Gilibert.
Rhizomes shortly or long creeping, scaly at apex and stipe bases; scales brownish, broadly lanceolate. Fronds approximate or caespitose; fertile fronds (3.5-)20-35(-49) cm; stipe brown at base, upper part stramineous or chestnut-colored, usually shorter than lamina, nearly 1/3-2/3 as long as lamina, occasionally slender and slightly longer than lamina when plant in crevices, 5-14(-20) cm, (0.2-)1-1.5 mm in diam., with sparse, shiny scales; lamina usually 2-pinnate to 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, occasionally pinnate or 3-pinnate, lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 17-28 × (0.8-)4-5(-8) cm, shortly acuminate at apex; pinnae 12-15 pairs, ascending, basal 1 or 2 pairs slightly shortened, or nearly not shortened, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, (0.4-)2-4(-7) × (0.2-)1-2.5 cm, obtuse or shortly acuminate, toothed at apex, subopposite, subsessile, widely separated from each other, usually 1-2 × as long as wide, 1.5-4.5 cm apart, base parallel to rachis on acroscopic side, ± cuneate on basiscopic side; pinnules 5-7 pairs, ovate or oblong, acroscopic side truncate, basiscopic side cuneate at base, sessile or shortly stalked, entire or toothed at margin, or pinnatifid, rounded or obtuse and toothed at apex; middle pinnae similar to lower pinnae, but slightly longer, separated from each other by 1.2-2.5 cm, subopposite or alternate, subsessile; upper pinnae pinnatipartite, toothed only on apices and acroscopic margin; veins pinnate, costules slightly tortuous, terminating in entire teeth. Lamina herbaceous when dried, green or yellow-green. Rachis and costae, especially their bases, ± with sparse unicellular to long multicellular hairs, even with few scale hairs. Sori small, orbicular, medial on veins, 2-4 pairs per pinnule, 1 or 2 sori at acroscopic side in upper pinnules; indusia pale green or brownish, ovate to lanceolate, membranous. Spores dark brown, perispore surface with regular, denser spines. 2n = 84*, 168, 252, 336.
Under alpine shrubs, in rock crevices on shaded slopes, base of rocks, damp areas at streamsides; (200-)1500-4500(-4800) m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, W Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia; Africa, SW Asia (Iran, Turkey), Europe, North and South America].
According to Knapp (Ferns Fern Allies Taiwan, 445. 2011), Windham described several cytotypes for Taiwan (diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid) in 2007; thus, further study of the taxon is pending. Many infraspecific taxa have been described from Europe.
1. 冷蕨（中国高等植物图鉴）分羽冷蕨（中国蕨类植物孢子形态）图版9: 1-9
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. in Schard. Neu. Journ. Bot. 1 (2): 26-27, t. 2, f. 9. 1806; Hook. et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 52, B. 1838; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 197. 1844 et Brit. Ferns t. 23. 1861; Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. t. 91. 1863; Hook. et Bak., Syn. Fil. 103. 1874; Benth. Fl. Austral. 7: 725, 1878; Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2. Bot. 1: 450. 1880; Luerss. in Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-flora 3: 499. 1889; Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 664. 1896; ib., ser. 2. 1: 1021. 1901; Diels in Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1 (4): 163. 1899; Kom. Fl. Mansh. 1: 113. 1901; Matsum., Ind. Pl. Jap. 1: 301, 387. 1904; C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 203. 1906; Nakai, Fl. Kor. 2: 402. 1911; Miyabe et Miyake, Pl. Saghal. 622. 1915; Kudo, Rep. Veg. N. Saghal. 31. 1924; Makino et Nemoto, Fl. Jap. 1597. 1925; Kom. Fl. Kamtsch. 1: 55. 1927; Hulten, Fl. Kamtchat. 1: 29. 1927; Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sin. 6: 20. 1929; V. Petrov, Fl. Jakut 1: 8, f, 10. 1930; Fomin in Busch. Fl. Sibir. Orient. Extr. 5: 27. 1930; Miyabe et Kudo, Fl. Hokk. et Saghal. 1: 7. 1930; Kom. et Alis., Key Fl. Far East Reg. USSR 1: 113. 1931; Ogata, Ic. Fil. Jap. 4: t. 160. 1931; Tatewaki in Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Jap. 4: 260. 1934; Fomin in Kom. Fl. URSS. 1: 24-25, t. l, f. 8a-c. 1934; H. Ito, Fil. Jap. Ill. t. 205. 1944; Груъов, Φл. Монг. Нал. Ресл. 53. 1955; Tagawa, Col. Ill, Jap. Pterid. 118, 198, t. 46, f. 257. 1959; Namegata et Kurata, Enum. Jap. Pterid. 289. 1961; 贺士元, 北京植物志上册: 88, 图23. 1962; 修订版, 上册: 22-23, 图26. 1992; Blasdell, Mem. Terr. Bot. Club 21 (4): 38. 1963; J. A. Crabbe in Tutin et al., Fl. Europ 1: 18. 1964: Ohwi, Fl. Japan 77. 1965; Ic. Corm. Sin. 1: 175, f. 350. 1972; Fl. Tsinling. 2: 89, t. 23, f. 3-6. 1974; DeVol et C. M. Kuo in H. L. Li et al., Fl. Taiwan 1: 456. 1975; Nakaike, Enum. Pterid. Jap. 153-156. 1975 et New Fl. Jap. Pterid. 361, cum f. 1982 et l. c. Rev. Enl. 1992; Y. L. Chang et al., Sporae Pterid. Sin. 220, t. 40, f. 15-16, 19. 1976; 河南植物志 1: 49, f. 62. 1981; Ching et Z. R. Wang in C. Y. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 112. 1983; Lellinger, Field Manual Ferns ＆Fern-Allies US ＆ Canada 259, f. 331. 1985; C. J. Wu et X. L. Bai in Y. C. Ma, Fl. Intramong. 1: 82, t. 12, f. 1-3, 1985; J. Z. Liu in S. Y. He, Fl. Hebei. 1: 132, f. 103. 1986; S. H. Li et J. Z. Wang in S. H. Li, Fl. Liaoning. 1: 62, f. 22. 1988; 李建秀等, 山东植物志上卷: 76, 图38. 1990; C. Y. Yang, Fl. Xinjiang. 1: 26-28, t. 10, f. 1-5. 1992; Y. J. Ling et al. in T. W. Liu, Fl. Shanxi. 1: 63, f. 32. 1992; Nakaike et S. Malik, Cryptog. Fl. Pakistan 1: 272, f. 43. 1992; Z. R. Wang in W. T. Wang, Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount. 1: 67. 1993; W. C. Shieh et al. T. C. Fl. Taiwan, 2nd ed. 1: 429. 1994; Clavis Plant. Chin. Bor. -Orient. Ed, 2, 36, t. 9, f. 5, 1995. ——Polypodium fragile L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1091, 1753. ——Cystopteris filix-fragilis (L.) Gilib. Exerc. Phyt. 558. 1792; Kitagawa, Linneam. Fl. Mansh. 30. 1939; 傅书遐, 中国主要植物图说 蕨类植物门 126, 图165. 1957; 张玉良等, 东北草本植物志 1: 43, 图36. 1958; Grubov, Pl. Asiae Centr. 1: 84. 1963. ——Aspidium fragile Sw. in Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800-2: 40. 1801. ——Athyrium fragile Spr. Anleit. 3: 136. 1804. ——Cyclopteris fragilis Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. Pl. 2: 9. 1821. ——Cystea fragilis Sm., Engl. Fl. 4: 289. 1828. ——Cystopteris remotipinnata Ching in Y. L. Chang et al., Sporae Pterid. Sin. 221, t. 40, f. 11-12. 1976, nom. nud.
根状茎短横走或稍伸长，带有残留的叶柄基部，先端和叶柄基部被有鳞片，鳞片浅褐色阔披针形；叶近生或簇生。能育叶长 (3.5-) 20-35 (-49) 厘米；叶柄一般短于叶片，约为叶片长的1/3-2/3，当生长在石缝时，有时纤细，稍长于叶片，长5-14 (-20) 厘米，直径 (0.2-) 1-1.5毫米，基部褐色，向上禾秆色或带栗色，鳞片稀疏，略有光泽；叶片披针形至阔披针形，长17-28厘米，宽 (0.8-) 4-5 (-8) 厘米，短渐尖头，通常二回羽裂至二回羽状，小羽片羽裂，偶有一或三回羽状；羽片约12-15对，中下部的近对生，几无柄，斜展，下部1-2对稍缩短，或几不缩短，卵形至卵状披针形，长 (0.4-) 2-4 (-7) 厘米，宽 (0.2-) 1-2.5厘米，先端钝尖或短渐尖，并有齿，基部上侧与叶轴并行，下侧多少斜切，近对生，彼此距离较大，一般约为羽片宽度的1-2倍，1.5-4.5厘米；一回小羽片5-7对，卵形或长圆形，先端圆或钝尖，并有锯齿，基部上侧平截，下侧楔形，无柄或有短柄，边缘全缘或有锯齿，或羽状分裂；中部羽片与基部羽片同形，略长，相距1.2-2.5厘米，近对生或互生；顶部羽片羽状深裂，仅先端与上缘有粗尖锯齿；叶脉羽状分叉，主脉稍曲折，小脉伸达锯齿先端。叶干后草质，绿色或黄绿色。叶轴及羽轴，特别是下部羽片着生处多少具稀疏的单细胞至多细胞长节状毛，甚或有少数鳞毛。孢子囊群小，圆形，背生于每小脉中部，每一小羽片2-4对，向顶端的小羽片上侧有1-2枚；囊群盖卵形至披针形，膜质，灰绿色或稍带浅褐色。孢子深褐色，周壁表面有均匀、较密的刺状突起。染色体数目n＝42，84，126，168。
分布于黑龙江（大兴安岭，呼玛，额尔古纳旗）、吉林（长白山）、辽宁（宁城）、内蒙古（呼盟巴林、陶林至集宁、乌拉、五叉沟、大青山、额尔古纳旗）、北京（百花山、妙峰山、密云坡头、怀柔）、河北（内丘、蔚县小五台山、承德、兴隆、涞源、富平、恒山、康保、武安、赤城、芋县、大青山）、山西（宁武、五台、源浑、运城、永济、王寨、霍县、沁县、沁水、阳城、灵石、昔阳、文水、垣曲、太原）、陕西（太白山、华山、长安县南五台山、兰田）、宁夏（贺兰山、祁连牛心山）、甘肃（夏河、岷县、玛曲、榆中、漳县）、青海（门源、循化）、新疆（天山、阿尔泰山、昆仑山、奇台、阜康、博格塔、巴里坤、精河、沙湾、萨乌尔山、昭苏、准葛尔西部山地）、山东、安徽（霍山）、台湾（宜兰、新竹、台中、南投、嘉义，阿里山、高雄、台东、花莲）、河南（鸡公山、伏牛山、大别山、灵宝、朱阳）、四川西部（峨眉山、理县、康定、郎木寺、少乌寺、泸定）、云南（丽江、中甸、德钦、巧家）及西藏（类乌齐、八宿、比如）等省区。生高山灌丛下、阴坡石缝中、岩石脚下或沟边湿地，海拔（210-）1500-4500（-4800）米。广布于欧洲、亚洲北部和中部高山（朝鲜半岛、日本、蒙古、俄罗斯以及印度、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦、阿富汗、伊朗、土耳其、喜马拉雅山地区）、北美洲、南美洲和非洲。模式标本采自欧洲。
标本份数
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