| 学名(拉丁名) | Crassulaceae |
| 中文名 | 景天科 |
| 类型 | family |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Crassulaceae |
| 中文名 | 景天科 |
| 中文科名 | 景天科 |
| 类型 | family |
| 拉丁科名 | Crassulaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Crassulaceae |
| 类型 | family |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Crassulaceae |
| 中文名 | 景天科 |
| 类型 | family |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Crassulaceae |
| 中文名 | 景天科 |
| 类型 | family |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Crassulaceae |
| 类型 | family |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Crassulaceae |
| 类型 | family |
| 1 | 花常为4-5基数；雄蕊1轮，与花瓣同数；花瓣多少合生；叶对生。 | 东爪草亚科 CRASSULOIDEAE |
| 1 | 雄蕊常为花瓣的2倍，如与花瓣同数则有互生叶或叶对生而有块茎状的根。 (2) | |
| 2 | 花为4基数，雄蕊2轮，为花瓣数的2倍，萼片分离或多少成管状合生。 | 伽蓝菜亚科 KALANCHOIDEAE |
| 2 | 花常为5-6（-12）基数，少有3-4基数，雄蕊常为2轮，有时只1轮，花瓣分离，或多少合生；叶各式，扁平或圆柱形，互生，对生或莲座状。 | 景天亚科 SEDOIDEAE |
| 1 | Stamens in 1 series, usually as many as petals; flowers always bisexual. | (2) |
| 1 + | Stamens usually in 2 series, 2 × as many as petals; flowers sometimes unisexual and male flowers without stamens. | (5) |
| 2 (1) | Leaves always opposite, joined to form a basal sheath; inflorescences axillary, often shorter than subtending leaf; plants not developing enlarged rootstock (1) | Tillaea |
| 2 (1) + | Leaves alternate, occasionally opposite proximally; inflorescence terminal, often very large; plants sometimes developing enlarged, perennial rootstock. | (3) |
| 3 (2) | Inflorescence with a distinct, elongated main axis forming a raceme or thyrse much longer than broad; carpels narrowed at base, free; basal leaves often densely hairy (4) | Kungia |
| 3 (2) + | Inflorescence cymose with no distinct main axis, often broader than long; carpels broad at base, often ± connate; basal leaves often glabrous. | (4) |
| 4 (3) | Plants with conspicuous basal leaf rosettes; corolla campanulate, petals initially erect then spreading above middle, ± S-shaped in longitudinal section (8) | Sinocrassula |
| 4 (3) + | Plants without basal leaf rosettes, often ephemeral; petals rotate (12) | Sedum |
| 5 (1) | Flowers 4-merous and with prominent, persistent corolla tube completely enclosing follicles; leaves opposite. | (6) |
| 5 (1) + | Flowers 5- or 6(-12)-merous, rarely 3- or 4-merous (Rhodiola) and then petals free or joined at base only and not enclosing follicles; leaves alternate, opposite, or in a rosette. | (7) |
| 6 (5) | Filaments inserted basally on corolla tube; flowers usually pendulous (2) | Bryophyllum |
| 6 (5) + | Filaments inserted near or above middle of corolla tube; flowers erect (3) | Kalanchoe |
| 7 (5) | Carpels stipitate to substipitate or basally constricted or conspicuously attenuate, free. | (8) |
| 7 (5) + | Carpels sessile, base not constricted (slightly attenuate in some Rhodiola species) and usually connate (free in Sedum chuhsingense, S. semilunatum, and sometimes in S. przewalskii). | (9) |
| 8 (7) | Plants perennial, usually with several to many flowering stems; basal leaves not in a conspicuous rosette; inflorescence formed from a terminal group of cymes, usually broader than long, sometimes with aditional cymes in axils of distal leaves (6) | Hylotelephium |
| 8 (7) + | Plants monocarpic, with a single flowering stem; basal leaves in a somewhat conspicuous rosette, dying when plant flowers; inflorescence with an elongated main axis and numerous lateral cymules, sometimes a true raceme with cymules reduced to single flowers (5) | Orostachys |
| 9 (7) | Stems dimorphic with usually very stout caudex or rhizome, usually with brown or blackish, membranous, scalelike leaves, sharply differentiated from much more slender, erect or ascending, leafy flowering stems. | (10) |
| 9 (7) + | Stems not sharply dimorphic, proximally with well developed leaves, rarely plants stoloniferous. | (11) |
| 10 (9) | Flowers bisexual; petals basally connate (7) | Pseudosedum |
| 10 (9) + | Flowers unisexual or bisexual; petals free or nearly so (13) | Rhodiola |
| 11 (9) | Leaf rosette absent at anthesis; inflorescence terminal. | (12) |
| 11 (9) + | Leaf rosette conspicuous at anthesis; inflorescence axillary. | (13) |
| 12 (11) | Leaves flattened, margin serrate or crenate; seed testa longitudinally costate or subsmooth (11) | Phedimus |
| 12 (11) + | Leaves terete or semiterete in cross section, margin entire (4-8-dentate in Sedum rosthornianum and remotely dentate in S. engleri var. dentatum); seed testa reticulate or papillate-reticulate (12) | Sedum |
| 13 (11) | Petals yellow; basal leaf rosette almost as wide as inflorescences are long; plants glabrous throughout (10) | Ohbaea |
| 13 (11) + | Petals white, pink, and/or red, (rarely pale yellow outside China); plants hairy or glabrous. | (14) |
| 14 (13) | Plants glandular hairy or, if glabrous, flowers 6-8-merous; petals connate at base (9) | Rosularia |
| 14 (13) + | Plants glabrous; flowers (3-)5-merous; petals free or almost so (13) | Rhodiola |
草本，稀亚灌木或灌木。茎常肉质。叶互生、对生或轮生，通常单叶，稀羽状复叶，全缘，稀具缺刻或分裂，大多肉质；托叶无。花序顶生，聚伞状或伞房状，稀总状、圆锥状或穗状，有时单花。花两性，稀单性而雌雄异株，花冠辐射对称；萼片4—5，稀较多，分离或稍合生，宿存；花瓣4—5，稀无，分离或有时合生成管状；雄蕊与花瓣同数而排成1轮，或为其2倍则排成2轮，外轮对萼生，内轮对瓣生，分离或部分与花冠管合生，花丝线形或钻形，花药多基生，内向开裂；鳞片5，位于心皮基部外侧，极稀无；心皮4—5，分离或基部合生，胚珠少至多数，沿腹缝线着生，倒生，有二层珠被，花柱钻形，柱头头状或不明显。果为蓇葖果或稀蒴果。种子小，种皮平滑、具细乳突或有皱纹；胚乳少或无。34属约1500种，几广布全球，但主产我国西南部、非洲南部及墨西哥。我国有10属240多种。云南产7属75种。
景天科——CRASSULACEAE
草本、半灌木或灌木，常有肥厚、肉质的茎、叶，无毛或有毛。叶不具托叶，互生、对生或轮生，常为单叶，全缘或稍有缺刻，少有为浅裂或为单数羽状复叶的。常为聚伞花序，或为伞房状、穗状、总状或圆锥状花序，有时单生。花两性，或为单性而雌雄异株，辐射对称，花各部常为5数或其倍数，少有为3、4、或6-32数或其倍数；萼片自基部分离，少有在基部以上合生，宿存；花瓣分离，或多少合生；雄蕊1轮或2轮，与萼片或花瓣同数或为其二倍，分离，或与花瓣或花冠筒部多少合生，花丝丝状或钻形，少有变宽的，花药基生，少有为背着，内向开裂；心皮常与萼片或花瓣同数，分离或基部合生，常在基部外侧有腺状鳞片1枚，花柱钻形，柱头头状或不显著，胚珠倒生，有两层珠被，常多数，排成两行沿腹缝线排列，稀少数或一个的。蓇葖有膜质或革质的皮，稀为蒴果；种子小，长椭圆形，种皮有皱纹或微乳头状突起，或有沟槽，胚乳不发达或缺。
模式属：青锁龙属 Crassula L.
34属1500种以上。分布非洲、亚洲、欧洲、美洲。以我国西南部、非洲南部及墨西哥种类较多。我国有10属242种。
| Sample Name: | Langebaanweg-Varswater fm. | Formation: | Varswater |
| Age: | Epoch (to): | Pliocene~Miocene | |
| Stage: | ~ | Contributer: | |
| Ecology: | Climate: | ||
| locality name: | Langebaanweg-Varswater fm. | Province/State: | |
| Continents: | county: | ||
| country: | South Africa | longitude-decimal degrees: | 18.15 |
| latitude-decimal degrees: | -32.976 | elevation [m]: | |
| Notes: | |||
| Langebaanweg-Scott, 1995 | |||
| title: | Pollen evidence for vegetational and climatic change in Southern Africa during the Neogene and Quaternary | ||
| Year: | 1995 | Type: | |
| Volume: | Issue: | ||
| Pages: | 65-75 | Publisher: | |
| Location of publisher: | General: | ||
| Authors: | L. Scott | ||
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
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Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
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Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
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Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
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Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
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| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
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新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
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第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
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全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
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上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
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| 0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
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