| 1 |
Utricle apex ± emarginate.
|
(2)
|
| 1 + |
Utricle apex rounded or acute, not emarginate.
|
(13)
|
| 2 (1) |
Plants usually small, of montane habitats; branches prostrate or ascending.
|
(3)
|
| 2 (1) + |
Plants large; branches ascending.
|
(6)
|
| 3 (2) |
Utricle ovate, covered with stellate hairs.
(27)
|
C . lepidocarpum
|
| 3 (2) + |
Utricle obovate or oblong-obovate, glabrous.
|
(4)
|
| 4 (3) |
Plants much branched, branches crowded; bracts lanceolate to ovate, not sickle-shaped.
(26)
|
C . lhasaense
|
| 4 (3) + |
Plants few branched; bracts sickle-shaped.
|
(5)
|
| 5 (4) |
Utricle yellow-green, obovate, ca. 5 × 4 mm, wing yellow-green, ca. 1 mm wide.
(24)
|
C . pseudofalcatum
|
| 5 (4) + |
Utricle dark green, oblong-obovate, 3.5-4 × 2.5-3 mm, wing light yellow, ca. 0.5 mm wide.
(25)
|
C . falcatum
|
| 6 (2) |
Spikelike inflorescence narrowly cylindric, slender, loose (dense in C . platypterum ); bracts ovate to lanceolate, usually 1-veined, with narrowly membranous margin.
|
(7)
|
| 6 (2) + |
Spikelike inflorescence clavate, stout, crowded; bracts ovate to broadly so, usually 3-veined, with broadly membranous margin.
|
(9)
|
| 7 (6) |
Utricle oblong-elliptic, wing 0.4-0.7 mm wide.
(21)
|
C . elongatum
|
| 7 (6) + |
Utricle suborbicular, wing ca. 1 mm wide.
|
(8)
|
| 8 (7) |
Spikelike inflorescence dense; bracts ovate to lanceolate; utricle 4-5 × 3.5-4.5 mm.
(22)
|
C . platypterum
|
| 8 (7) + |
Spikelike inflorescence loose and interrupted; bracts lanceolate; utricle 4.5-5.5 × 3.9-5 mm.
(23)
|
C . stenolepis
|
| 9 (6) |
Utricle orbicular, suborbicular, or ovate.
|
(10)
|
| 9 (6) + |
Utricle oblong-elliptic to broadly elliptic-obovate.
|
(11)
|
| 10 (9) |
Utricle yellow-green, brown punctate and bullate, obovate, 3.7-4.5 × 2.9-4 mm, wing light yellow.
(19)
|
C . dilutum
|
| 10 (9) + |
Utricle light yellow, dark punctate, orbicular or suborbicular, 3-4.5 × 3-4.3 mm, wing of lighter color than utricle body.
(20)
|
C . confertum
|
| 11 (9) |
Utricle 4.9-6 × 3.5-4.2 mm; spikelike inflorescence 7-12 × 1-1.5 cm, bracts subherbaceous.
(16)
|
C . macrocarpum
|
| 11 (9) + |
Utricle less than 4.5 mm; spikelike inflorescence usually 3-6(-7) × 0.8-1 cm, bracts submembranous.
|
(12)
|
| 12 (11) |
Utricle oblong-obovate, 3.5-4 × 2.5-3 mm, wing strongly twisted.
(17)
|
C . retortum
|
| 12 (11) + |
Utricle elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 3.7-4.5 × 2.8-3.2 mm, wing not twisted.
(18)
|
C . puberulum
|
| 13 (1) |
Utricle discoid, orbicular, or suborbicular, marginal wing absent or very narrow, slightly involute; leaves narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, 3(or 5)-veined.
(1)
|
C . patelliforme
|
| 13 (1) + |
Utricle not discoid, marginal wing (if present) not involute; leaves linear or oblanceolate, 1(or 3)-veined.
|
(14)
|
| 14 (13) |
Spikelike inflorescence stout, dense.
|
(15)
|
| 14 (13) + |
Spikelike inflorescence linear to narrowly cylindric, long, thin, loose, and at maturity often interrupted.
|
(19)
|
| 15 (14) |
Utricle elliptic to obovate.
(15)
|
C . orientale
|
| 15 (14) + |
Utricle elliptic, broadly so, or oblong-obovate.
|
(16)
|
| 16 (15) |
Spikelike inflorescence usually cylindric, 3-8 mm wide; utricle 2-3.5 × 1.5-2 mm.
(11)
|
C . chinganicum
|
| 16 (15) + |
Spikelike inflorescence usually clavate, 8-15 mm wide; utricle 3-6 × 2-3.5 mm.
|
(17)
|
| 17 (16) |
Spikelike inflorescence 1-7 cm, bracts lanceolate, with narrowly membranous margin.
(13)
|
C . huanghoense
|
| 17 (16) + |
Spikelike inflorescence 1-25 cm, bracts linear-lanceolate to ovate, with broadly membranous margin.
|
(18)
|
| 18 (17) |
Utricle oblong-obovate or broadly elliptic, 3-5 × 2-3.5 mm, hairy, base and apex rounded.
(12)
|
C . candelabrum
|
| 18 (17) + |
Utricle broadly elliptic, 3.5-4 × 2.5-3 mm, glabrous, base subcordate, apex rounded.
(14)
|
C . stauntonii
|
| 19 (14) |
Plants small, of montane habitats, 3-20 cm tall; spikelike inflorescence 2.5-5 cm.
|
(20)
|
| 19 (14) + |
Plants usually large, 15-50 cm tall; spikelike inflorescence usually 5-10 cm.
|
(22)
|
| 20 (19) |
Utricle 2-3 × 1.5-2 mm, wing very narrow, hairy.
(8)
|
C . pamiricum
|
| 20 (19) + |
Utricle 3-4 × 2-2.5 mm, wing broad, slightly hairy.
|
(21)
|
| 21 (20) |
Plants usually reddish purple at maturity, stout; bracts oblanceolate to lanceolate; utricle oblong-obovate, wing slightly undulate or crisped, apex acute, distinctly subulate beaked.
(9)
|
C . dutreuilii
|
| 21 (20) + |
Plants green at maturity, slender; bracts lanceolate; utricle broadly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, wing neither undulate nor crisped, apex rounded or acute.
(10)
|
C . tibeticum
|
| 22 (19) |
Utricle 1.5-3 mm, apex rounded.
|
(23)
|
| 22 (19) + |
Utricle 3-5 mm, apex acute.
|
(25)
|
| 23 (22) |
Utricle yellow-green, broadly obovate-elliptic, wing yellow-green.
(2)
|
C . lehmannianum
|
| 23 (22) + |
Utricle gray-green, elliptic, wing light yellow.
|
(24)
|
| 24 (23) |
Utricle 2.5-3 × 1.5-2 mm, smooth, margin distinctly winged.
(6)
|
C . heptapotamicum
|
| 24 (23) + |
Utricle 1.5-2.3 × 1-1.5 mm, abaxially sometimes tuberculate (i.e., with occasional "warts" formed by portions of pericarp not adherent to testa), margin nearly wingless.
(7)
|
C . mongolicum
|
| 25 (22) |
Plants small, 7-10 cm tall, less branched; spikelike inflorescence broader; utricle oblong to broadly elliptic, 4-5 × 2.5-3.5 mm, wing ca. 1/2 as wide as utricle body.
(5)
|
C . praecox
|
| 25 (22) + |
Plants large, usually ca. 35 cm tall, much branched; spikelike inflorescence slender; utricle obovate-oblong, 3-4 × ca. 2 mm, wing narrow, sometimes nearly absent.
|
(26)
|
| 26 (25) |
Utricle wingless or nearly so, never pubescent, margin usually entire; inflorescence narrowly cylindric, slender, normally interrupted and often reflexed at maturity.
(3)
|
C . declinatum
|
| 26 (25) + |
Utricle narrowly winged, pubescent or glabrescent at maturity, margin entire to erose or undulate; inflorescence cylindric, interrupted or not, normally erect at maturity.
(4)
|
C . tylocarpum
|
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