学名(拉丁名) | Cirsium arvense |
中文名 | 丝路蓟 |
命名人 | (L.) Scop. |
中文科名 | 菊科 |
拉丁属名 | Cirsium |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Compositae |
中文属名 | 蓟属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Cirsium arvense |
命名人 | (L.) Scop. (accepted name) |
拉丁属名 | Cirsium |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Asteraceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Cirsium arvense |
中文名 | 丝路蓟 |
拉丁属名 | Cirsium |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Asteraceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Cirsium arvense |
中文名 | 丝路蓟 |
中文科名 | 菊科 |
拉丁属名 | Cirsium |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Asteraceae |
中文属名 | 蓟属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Cirsium arvense |
拉丁属名 | Cirsium |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Asteraceae |
1 | Lower cauline leaves pinnately divided, segments with 2-5 triangular spiny teeth | (2) |
1 + | Lower cauline leaves simple, or if lobed then with entire spinulose lobes | (3) |
2 (1) | Leaves ± concolorous, green, glabrous or abaxially sparsely cobwebby. (45) | a var. arvense |
2 (1) + | Leaves discolorous, abaxially grayish white and densely felted, adaxially green and glabrous. (45) | b var. alpestre |
3 (1) | Leaves ± concolorous, green, glabrous or abaxially sparsely cobwebby. (45) | c var. integrifolium |
3 (1) + | Leaves discolorous, abaxially grayish white and densely and thickly felted, adaxially green and glabrous or sparsely cobwebby. (45) | d var. vestitum |
Herbs 30-160 cm tall, perennial, dioecious. Roots far creeping, bearing adventitious shoots. Stems erect, branched above, unwinged. Leaf surface smooth. Capitula often numerous, terminal, corymbose. Involucre ± narrowly ovoid, 1.5-2 cm in diam. Phyllaries imbricate, in 5-7 rows, lacking wings and scarious appendage; outer and middle phyllaries triangular to ovate, 3-8 × 1.2-2.5 mm, apex acute; inner phyllaries elliptic-lanceolate to broadly linear, 9-20 × 1-3 mm, apex acute to acuminate and scarious. Corolla reddish purple or rarely white; female florets 1.6-2.4 cm, tube 1.3-1.8 cm; male florets 1.5-1.8 cm, tube 0.9-1.2 cm. Achene yellowish, 3-4.5 mm. Pappus bristles dirty white, 2.5-3.5 cm.
Moist places, ditches, farmlands, lakesides, grasslands, mountain slopes, roadsides, near villages, by rivers, wet or flooded lands; 100-4300 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia; SW Asia, Europe].
Cirsium arvense is one of the world’s most noxious weeds of cultivated land. Its strong potential for vegetative multiplication from long trailing roots or root fragments results in morphologically uniform clonal stands, which at times have led to the recognition of some of the variants as distinct species.
Cirsium arvense is one of the world’s most noxious weeds of cultivated land. Its strong potential for vegetative multiplication from long trailing roots or root fragments results in morphologically uniform clonal stands, which at times have led to the recognition of some of the variants as distinct species.
49.丝路蓟(植物分类学报)
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 126, 1772; DC., Prodr. 6: 643: 1837; Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2: 734, 1845-1846, p. p. ; Charadze in Fl. URSS 28:213,1963; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19 (1-2): 51, 1966, p. p.; Werner in Fl. Europ. 4: 242, 1976, p. p.; 石铸, 植物分类学报22(6): 453, 1984——Serratula arvensis L., Sp. Pl. 820, 1753; Willd., Sp. Pl. 3 (3): 1646, 1803——Carduus arvensis Robins., Brit. Fl. 163, 1777——Serratula spinosa Gilib., Fl. Lithuan. 3: 184, 1781 ——Cnicus arvensis O. Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 130, 1804——Breea arvensis Less., Syn. Comp. 9, 1832; Kitam., Fl. Afghan. 393, 1960——Cephalonoplos arvense (L.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon 17: 95, 1869; 梁松筠, 西藏植物志 4: 860, 1985——Cirsium ochrolepidcum Juz in Сорн. Раст. СССР, 4: 278, 1935; Charadze in Fl. URSS 28: 212, 1963.
多年生草本,根直伸。茎直立,50-160厘米,上部分枝,接头状花序下部有稀疏蛛丝毛。下部茎叶椭圆形或椭圆状披针形,长7-17厘米,宽1.5-4.5厘米,羽状浅裂或半裂,基部渐狭,多少有短叶柄,或沿茎稍下延,但决不形成明显的茎翼。侧裂片偏斜三角形或偏斜半椭圆形,边缘通常有2-3个刺齿,齿顶有针刺,针刺长达5毫米,齿缘针刺较短;中部及上部茎叶渐小,与下部茎叶同形或长椭圆形并等样分裂,无柄至基部扩大半抱茎。全部叶两面同色,绿色或下面色淡,两面无毛或有时下面有极稀疏的蛛丝毛。头状花序较多数在茎枝顶端排成圆锥状伞房花序。总苞卵形或卵状长圆形,直径1.5-2厘米,有极稀疏的蛛丝毛,但通常无毛。总苞片约5层,覆瓦状排列,向内层渐长,外层及中层卵形,宽2-2.5毫米,包括顶端针刺长5-7毫米;内层及最内层椭圆状披针形、长披针形至宽线形,长0.9-1.4厘米,宽1-1.5毫米,外层顶端有反折或开展的短针刺,针刺长近1毫米,中内层顶端膜质渐尖或急尖,不形成明显的针刺。小花紫红色,雌性小花花冠长1.7厘米,细管部为细丝状,长1.3厘米,檐部长4毫米;两性小花花冠长1.8厘米,细管部为细丝状,长1.2厘米,檐部长6毫米。全部小花檐部5裂几达基部。瘦果淡黄色,几圆柱形,顶端截形,但 稍见偏斜。冠毛污白色,多层,基部连合成环,整体脱落;冠毛刚毛长羽毛状,长达2.8厘米。花果期6-9月。
分布新疆天山及准噶尔盆地(伊宁、特克斯、吐鲁番、玛纳斯、下野地、石河子等)、甘肃(白银、敦煌)、西藏(日土)。生于沟边水湿地、田间或湖滨地区,海拔700-4250米。欧洲、苏联中亚、阿富汗、印度都有分布。模式标本采自西欧。
Cirsium arvense | |||
Family Name: | Compositae | Genera name: | Cirsium |
Species name: | arvense | Genera status: | |
NLR: | Comments: | ||
Sample Name: | Berga bei Sangershausen | Formation: | |
Age: | Epoch (to): | Pliocene~ | |
Stage: | Piacenzian~ | Contributer: | |
Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
locality name: | Berga bei Sangershausen | Province/State: | Thuringia |
Continents: | Europe | county: | |
country: | Germany | longitude-decimal degrees: | 11.3 |
latitude-decimal degrees: | 51.466667 | elevation [m]: | |
Notes: | Bezirk Halle |
Berga bei Sangershausen-Mai and Walther, 1988 | |||
title: | Die pliozaenen Floren von Thueringen, Deutsche Demokratische Republik | ||
Year: | 1988 | Type: | journal |
Volume: | 7 | Issue: | |
Pages: | 55-297 | Publisher: | |
Location of publisher: | General: | ||
Authors: | D. H. Mai and H. Walther |
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
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Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
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Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
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Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
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Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
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新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
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第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
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全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
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上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |