学名(拉丁名) | Boehmeria tricuspis |
中文名 | 悬铃叶苎麻 |
命名人 | (Hance) Makino |
中文科名 | 荨麻科 |
拉丁属名 | Boehmeria |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Urticaceae |
中文属名 | 苎麻属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Boehmeria tricuspis |
中文名 | 八角麻 |
中文科名 | 荨麻科 |
类型 | |
拉丁科名 | URTICACEAE |
学名(拉丁名) | Boehmeria tricuspis |
中文名 | 八角麻 |
中文科名 | 荨麻科 |
类型 | |
拉丁科名 | URTICACEAE |
学名(拉丁名) | Boehmeria tricuspis |
命名人 | (Hance) Makino |
发表年份 | 1912(年) |
拉丁属名 | Boehmeria |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Urticaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Boehmeria tricuspis |
中文名 | 八角麻 |
拉丁属名 | Boehmeria |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Urticaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Boehmeria tricuspis |
中文名 | 八角麻 |
中文科名 | 荨麻科 |
拉丁属名 | Boehmeria |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Urticaceae |
中文属名 | 苎麻属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Boehmeria tricuspis |
发表年份 | 1912(年) |
拉丁属名 | Boehmeria |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Urticaceae |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
---|---|---|---|
Boehmeria japonica var. tricuspis | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Boehmeria longispica var. tricuspis | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Boehmeria maximowiczii | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Boehmeria platanifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Boehmeria platanifolia var. sylvestrii | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Boehmeria platanifolia var. tricuspis | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Boehmeria platyphylla var. tricuspis | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Boehmeria rubricaulis | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Duretia tricuspis | Synonym | The Plant List |
Boehmeria platyphylla D. Don var. tricuspis Hance, J. Bot. 12: 261. 1874; B. japonica Miquel var. platanifolia Maximowicz; B. maximowiczii Nakai & Satake; B. platanifolia Franchet & Savatier.
Subshrubs or herbs perennial, simple or few branched, 0.5-1.5 m tall; upper stems and branchlets densely pubescent. Dioecious or monoecious. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate, subequal in size; stipules lanceolate, 7-10 mm; petiole 1.5-6(-10) cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade dark green or black when dry, oblate to 5-angled or oblate to orbicular-ovate, often ovate in upper stems, 8-12(-18) × 7-14(-22) cm, papery, secondary veins 2 pairs along midvein, abaxial surface densely pubescent along veins and veinlets, adaxial surface roughish, densely strigose, base truncate, subcordate, or broadly cuneate, margin coarsely 8-12-dentate, teeth gradually larger distally, often biserrate apically, apex 3-cusped or lobed, tip serrulate. Glomerules on axillary spikelike flowering branches, male branches often branched, 8-17 cm; female spikes distal, unbranched or branched, 5.5-24 cm. Male flowers 4-merous, sessile; perianth lobes elliptic, ca. 1 mm, strigillose, connate at base. Fruiting perianth rhomboid-obovoid, compressed, ca. 1.2 mm, smooth, strigillose on shoulder, base cuneate or stipitate, apex with short neck, 2-toothed. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Sep-Oct.
Forest margins, thickets, along streams in hills and mountains; 500-1400 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hebei, W Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
The high-quality fibers are used to make cloth, paper, and ropes. The leaves are used as fodder and as traditional medicines to relieve internal fever.
21.悬铃叶苎麻(中国高等植物图鉴)八角麻(浙江、江西),野苎麻(江西、安徽、甘肃),方麻(浙江),龟叶麻(安徽),山麻(江西、甘肃)图版76: 1-2
Boehmeria tricuspis (Hance) Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26: 387. 1912, quoad comb. nova et basionym. tantum; Peng et U. L. Zhang in Acta Bot. Bor.-Occ. Sin. 5 (2): 129. 1985. ——B. platyphylla D. Don var. tricuspis Hance in Journ. Bot. 12: 261. 1874. ——B. platanifolia Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 440. 1875, nom. nud.; C. H: Wright in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 486. 1899; Pamp. in Nouv. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 17: 254. 1910; Loesener in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37 (11): 110. 1919; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 4: 177. 1923; Hand: -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 151. 1929; Chien in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 9: 268. 1934; Satake in Journ. Fac. Sci. Unlv. Tokyo, sect. II, 4: 534. 1936; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 519, 图1037. 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 115. 1974; 湖北植物志1: 181. 1976; W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Yunnan.3 (4): 407. 1981; 福建植物志1: 475. 1982; 河北植物志1: 290. 1986; 安徽植物志2: 127, 图393. 1987; 贵州植物志4: 69. 1989. ——B. japonica Miq. var. platanifolia Maxim. in Mel. Biol. 9: 643. 1876; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 270. 1884.——B. maximowiczii Nakai et Satake in Journ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, sect. III, 4: 522. 1936.
亚灌木或多年生草本;茎高50-150厘米,中部以上与叶柄和花序轴密被短毛。叶对生,稀互生;叶片纸质,扁五角形或扁圆卵形,茎上部叶常为卵形,长8-12(-18)厘米,宽7-14(-22)厘米,顶部三骤尖或三浅裂,基部截形、浅心形或宽楔形,边缘有粗牙齿,上面粗糙,有糙伏毛,下面密被短柔毛,侧脉2对;叶柄长1.5-6(-10)厘米。穗状花序单生叶腋,或同一植株的全为雌性,或茎上部的雌性,其下的为雄性,雌的长5.5-24厘米,分枝呈圆锥状或不分枝,雄的长8-17厘米,分枝呈圆锥状;团伞花序直径1-2.5毫米。雄花:花被片4,椭圆形,长约1毫米,下部合生,外面上部疏被短毛;雄蕊4,长约1.6毫米,花药长约0.6毫米;退化雌蕊椭圆形,长约0.6毫米。雌花:花被椭圆形,长0.5-0.6毫米,齿不明显,外面有密柔毛,果期呈楔形至倒卵状菱形,长约1.2毫米;柱头长1-1.6毫米。花期7-8月。
产广东、广西、贵州、湖南、江西、福建、浙江、江苏、安徽、湖北、四川东部、甘肃和陕西的南部、河南西部、山西(晋城)、山东东部、河北西部。生于低山山谷疏林下、沟边或田边,海拔500-1400米。朝鲜、日本也有分布。模式标本采自江西庐山。
茎皮纤维坚韧,光泽如丝,弹力和拉力都很强,可纺纱织布,也可做高级纸张;民间常用茎皮搓绳,编草鞋。根、叶药用,治外伤出血、跌打肿痛、风疹、荨麻疹等症。叶可作猪饲料。种子含脂肪油,可制肥皂及食用。