学名(拉丁名) | Aralia elata |
中文名 | 辽东楤木 |
命名人 | (Miq.) Seem. |
中文科名 | 五加科 |
拉丁属名 | Aralia |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Araliaceae |
中文属名 | 楤木属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Aralia elata |
命名人 | (Miq.) Seem. (accepted name) |
拉丁属名 | Aralia |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Araliaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Aralia elata |
命名人 | (Miq.) Seem. |
发表年份 | 1868(年) |
拉丁属名 | Aralia |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Araliaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Aralia elata |
中文名 | 楤木 |
拉丁属名 | Aralia |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Araliaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Aralia elata |
中文名 | 楤木 |
中文科名 | 五加科 |
拉丁属名 | Aralia |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Araliaceae |
中文属名 | 楤木属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Aralia elata |
发表年份 | 1868(年) |
拉丁属名 | Aralia |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Araliaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Aralia elata |
拉丁属名 | Aralia |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Araliaceae |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
---|---|---|---|
Aralia chinensis var. canescens | Synonym | The Plant List | (Siebold & Zucc.) Koehne |
Aralia chinensis var. glabrescens | Synonym | The Plant List | (Franch. & Sav.) C.K.Schneid. |
Aralia chinensis var. nuda | Synonym | The Plant List | Nakai |
Aralia elata f. canescens | Synonym | The Plant List | (Siebold & Zucc.) T.Yamaz. |
Aralia elata var. canescens | Synonym | The Plant List | (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai |
Aralia canescens | Synonym | The Plant List | Siebold & Zucc. |
Aralia elata var. elata | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Aralia chinensis var. elata | Synonym | The Plant List | (Miq.) Lavallée |
Aralia elata f. fastigiata | Synonym | The Plant List | (auct.) Rehder |
Aralia chinensis var. fastigiata | Synonym | The Plant List | auct. |
Aralia elata var. glabrescens | Synonym | The Plant List | (Franch. & Sav.) Pojark. |
Aralia elata var. subinermis | Synonym | The Plant List | Ohwi |
Aralia grandis | Synonym | The Plant List | Miq. |
Aralia japonica | Synonym | The Plant List | Seem. |
Aralia spinosa var. glabrescens | Synonym | The Plant List | Franch. & Sav. |
Aralia elata f. rotundata | Synonym | The Plant List | (Nakai) W.Lee |
Aralia elata var. ryukyuensis | Accepted | The Plant List | J.Wen |
Aralia elata var. rotundata | Synonym | The Plant List | Nakai |
Aralia elata f. subinermis | Synonym | The Plant List | (Ohwi) Jôtani |
Aralia emeiensis | Synonym | The Plant List | Z.Y.Zhu |
Aralia hupehensis | Synonym | The Plant List | G.Hoo |
Aralia spinosa var. canescens | Synonym | The Plant List | (Siebold & Zucc.) Franch. & Sav. |
Aralia spinosa var. elata | Synonym | The Plant List | (Miq.) Sarg. |
Aralia subcapitata | Synonym | The Plant List | G.Hoo |
Dimorphanthus elatus | Synonym | The Plant List | Miq. |
Aralia elata var. inermis | Accepted | The Plant List | (Yanagita) J.Wen |
Aralia elata var. mandshurica | Accepted | The Plant List | (Rupr. & Maxim.) J.Wen |
1 | Leaflets papery or subleathery, abaxially pubescent or sometimes glabrescent; pedicels 1-6 mm. (11) | a var. elata |
1 + | Leaflets membranous or papery, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent and echinulate on veins; pedicels 5-10 mm. (11) | b var. glabrescens |
Shrubs or small trees, 2-5(-8) m tall, andromonoecious. Branches armed with sparse prickles. Leaves 2(or 3)-pinnately compound, with a pair of accessory leaflets at each division of rachis; petiole to ca. 50 cm, glabrous or pubescent, prickly; petiolules 3-5 mm; leaflets 5-11(-13) per pinna, broadly ovate to elliptic-ovate or narrowly ovate, 5-12(-19) × 2.5-8 cm, membranous, papery, or subleathery, abaxially glabrous or light yellow or gray pubescent, sometimes or more densely pubescent on veins, or sometimes glabrescent, adaxially sparsely strigose, secondary veins 6-10 pairs, raised abaxially, conspicuous adaxially, base cordate to subcordate or rounded, margin serrulate, apex acuminate. Inflorescence a terminal panicle of umbels, densely yellow-brown or gray pubescent, unarmed; primary axis 1-5 cm; secondary axes 20-35 cm; ultimate axes with a terminal umbel of bisexual flowers and 1 to several lateral umbels of male flowers; bracts persistent, lanceolate to subulate, 2-5 mm, sometimes ciliate; umbels 6-15-flowered; pedicels 1-10 mm, densely pubescent. Ovary 5-carpellate; styles 5, free or united to middle. Fruit globose, ca. 3-4 mm in diam.; styles persistent. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Sep-Dec. 2n = 24*.
Forests, forest margins, scrub fields, roadsides; near sea level to 2700 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, N Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, E Russia].
16. 辽东楤木(中国高等植物图鉴) 龙牙楤木(东北木本植物图志),刺龙牙(吉林土名),刺老鸦(东北土名)
Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. in Journ. Bot. 6: 134 (Revis. Heder. 90. 1868) 1868; Harms in Enal. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 (8): 57. 1894; Nakai in Journ. Arn. Arb. 5: 30. 1924;陈嵘, 中国树木分类学931. 1937; Li in Sarbentia 2: 107. 1942——Dimorphanthus elatus Miq. Comm. Phytobr. 95. t. 12. 1840——Aralia mandshurica Maxim. in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Sci. St.-Petersb. 15: 134. 156; 刘慎谔等, 东北木本植物图志432. pl. 137. f. 336. 1955——Dimorphanthus mandshuricus Rupr. & Maxim. in Mem. Div. Sav. Acad. Sci. St.-Petersb. 9: 133. 1859——Aralia manchurica Seem. 1. c. 6: 134. 1868——Aralia mandshurica Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 123. 1907——Aralia chinensis Linn. β. canescens Koehne, Deutsh. Dendr. 432. 1893——Aralia chinensis Linn. var. glabrescens Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 431. 1911; Rehd. in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 344. 1914——Aralia chinensis Linn. var. mandshurica Rehd. 1. c. 1: 344. 1914; 钟心煊, 科学社丛刊1: 189. 1924.
灌木或小乔木,高1.5-6米,树皮灰色;小枝灰棕色,疏生多数细刺;刺长1-3毫米,基部膨大;嫩枝上常有长达1.5厘米的细长直刺。叶为二回或三回羽状复叶,长40-80厘米;叶柄长20-40厘米,无毛;托叶和叶柄基部合生,先端离生部分线形,长约3毫米,边缘有纤毛;叶轴和羽片轴基部通常有短刺;羽片有小叶7-11,基部有小叶1对;小叶片薄纸质或膜质,阔卵形、卵形至椭圆状卵形,长5-15厘米,宽2.5-8厘米,先端渐尖,基部圆形至心形,稀阔楔形,上面绿色,下面灰绿色,无毛或两面脉上有短柔毛和细刺毛,边缘疏生锯齿,有时为粗大齿牙或细锯齿,稀为波状,侧脉6-8对,两面明显,网脉不明显;小叶柄长3-5毫米,稀长达1.2厘米,顶生小叶柄长达3厘米。圆锥花序长30-45厘米,伞房状;主轴短,长2-5厘米,分枝在主轴顶端指状排列,密生灰色短柔毛;伞形花序直径1-1.5厘米,有花多数或少数;总花梗长0.8-4厘米,花梗长6-7毫米,均密生短柔毛;苞片和小苞片披针形,膜质,边缘有纤毛,前者长5毫米,后者长2毫米;花黄白色;萼无毛,长1.5毫米,边缘有5个卵状三角形小齿;花瓣5,长1.5毫米,卵状三角形,开花时反曲;子房5室;花柱5,离生或基部合生。果实球形,黑色,直径4毫米,有5稜。花期6-8月,果期9-10月。
分布于黑龙江北部(黑龙江)、东北部(伊春、饶河)、南部(平山),吉林中部以东(蛟河、漫江、安图)和辽宁东北部(鸡冠山)。生于森林中,海拔约1000米上下。朝鲜、苏联和日本也有分布。
本种易和白背叶楤木(变种)Aralia chinensis Linn. var. nuda Nakai相混,但本种小叶片较薄,圆锥花序伞房状,分枝指状排列,易于区别。
Aralia elata | |||
Family Name: | Araliaceae | Genera name: | Aralia |
Species name: | elata | Genera status: | |
NLR: | Comments: | ||
Sample Name: | Osaka Group Plio. | Formation: | |
Age: | Epoch (to): | Pliocene~ | |
Stage: | ~ | Contributer: | |
Ecology: | Climate: | ||
|
locality name: | Harima | Province/State: | Kyoto |
Continents: | Asia | county: | Osaka |
country: | Japan | longitude-decimal degrees: | 135.5 |
latitude-decimal degrees: | 34.73 | elevation [m]: | 20 |
Notes: |
Osaka-Momohara, 1992 | |||
title: | Late Pliocene Plant Biostratigraphy of the Lowermost Part of the Osaka Group, Southwest Japan, with Reference to Extinction of Plants | ||
Year: | 1992 | Type: | journal |
Volume: | 31 | Issue: | 2 |
Pages: | 77-89 | Publisher: | |
Location of publisher: | General: | ||
Authors: | Arata Momohara |
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
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Paleoproterozoic |
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Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
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Holocene |
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Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
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Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
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第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
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更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
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上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |