学名(拉丁名) | Diplocyclos palmatus |
中文名 | 毒瓜 |
命名人 | (L.) C. Jeffery |
中文科名 | 葫芦科 |
拉丁属名 | Diplocyclos |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Cucurbitaceae |
中文属名 | 毒瓜属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Diplocyclos palmatus |
命名人 | (L.) C. Jeffrey (accepted name) |
拉丁属名 | Diplocyclos |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Cucurbitaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Diplocyclos palmatus |
命名人 | (L.) C.Jeffrey |
发表年份 | 1962(年) |
拉丁属名 | Diplocyclos |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Cucurbitaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Diplocyclos palmatus |
中文名 | 毒瓜 |
拉丁属名 | Diplocyclos |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Cucurbitaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Diplocyclos palmatus |
中文名 | 毒瓜 |
中文科名 | 葫芦科 |
拉丁属名 | Diplocyclos |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Cucurbitaceae |
中文属名 | 毒瓜属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Diplocyclos palmatus |
发表年份 | 1962(年) |
拉丁属名 | Diplocyclos |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Cucurbitaceae |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
---|---|---|---|
Bryonia palmata | Synonym | The Plant List | L. |
Bryonopsis laciniosa var. walkeri | Synonym | The Plant List | Chakrav. |
Diplocyclos palmatus subsp. affinis | Accepted | The Plant List | (Endl.) P.S.Green |
Diplocyclos palmatus var. pedata | Accepted | The Plant List | (Merr.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes |
Diplocyclos palmatus var. walkeri | Unresolved | The Plant List | (Chakrav.) Babu |
Bryonia palmata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1012. 1753; B. affinis Endlicher; Bryonopsis affinis (Endlicher) Cogniaux; B. laciniosa (Linnaeus) Naudin var. erythrocarpa Naudin; B. laciniosa var. walkeri Chakravarty; Ilocania pedata Merrill.
Root tuberous. Stems slender, glabrous. Tendrils glabrous. Petiole 4-6 cm, slightly puberulent; leaf blade broadly ovate, 8-12 × 8-12 cm, membranous, palmately 5-lobed; middle lobe oblong-lanceolate, 8-10 × 2-3.5 cm, apex acuminate or obtuse; lateral lobes short, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, both surfaces subglabrous, sinus rounded. Male and female flowers usually fasciculate in same axil. Male flowers: pedicel slender, 5-15 mm; calyx tube ca. 2 × 5-6 mm; segments subulate, 0.5-1 mm; corolla green-yellow, ca. 7 mm in diam.; segments ovate, ca. 2 × 0.5-1 mm; stamens 3; filaments 1-1.5 mm; anthers ovoid, ca. 2 mm; anther cells reflexed. Female flowers: calyx and corolla as in male flowers; ovary ovoid, smooth. Fruit yellow-green to red, narrowly white striped, globose, indehiscent, 14-18 mm in diam., smooth. Seeds few, brown, ovate, ca. 5 × 3 mm. Fl. Mar-Aug, fr. Sep-Dec.
Forests, thickets; ca. 1000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; tropical Africa, Australia].
The fruit and roots contain toxin.
The fruit and roots contain toxin.
1. 毒瓜(海南植物志)花瓜(广东)
Diplocyclos palmatus (Linn.) C. Jeffrey in Kew Bull. 15: 352. 1962; 陈焕镛等, 海南植物志 1: 477, 1964; Keraudren in Aubreville et Leroy, Fl. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 15: 109. 1975; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 363, 图6139. 1975.——Bryonia palmata Linn., Sp. Pl. ed. 1: 1012. 1753. ——B. affinis Endl., Prodr. Fl. Norfolk 68. 1833. ——Bryonopsis affinis (Endl.) Cogn. in DC., Mon. Phan. 3: 479. 1881.——B. laciniosa (Linn.) Naud. var. erythrocarpa (Naud.) Naud., in Ill. Hort. 12: t. 431. 1865. ——Ilocania pedata Merr., in Philip. Journ. Sc. Bot. 13: 65. 1918.——Bryonopsis laciniosa (Linn.) Naud. var. walkeri Chakr. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 17 (1): 138. 1959.——Bryonia laciniosa auct. non Linn.: Linn., Sp. Pl. ed. 1: 1012. 1753. p. p. quoad syn. cit., excl. typ. ; Roxb ., Fl. Ind. 3: 728. 1832; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 622. 1879. ——Bryonopsis laciniosa auct. non (Linn.) Naud.: Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, 12: 139. 1859, p. p. max., excl. typ. Cogn. in DC., Mon. Phan. 3: 477. 1881; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 2: 1065. 1921; Cogn. u. Harms in Engl., Pflanzenr. 88 (IV. 275. 2): 160. 1924; Chakr. in Ind. Journ. Agric Sc. 16 (1): 65. 1946, et in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 17 (1): 135. 1959.
攀援草本;根块状;茎纤细,疏散,有明显的棱沟,光滑无毛。卷须纤细,2歧,无毛。叶柄粗糙,有棱沟,长4-6厘米,被疏散的柔毛;叶片膜质,轮廓宽卵圆形,长、宽均为8-12厘米,掌状5深裂,中间的裂片较长,长圆状披针形,长8-10厘米,宽2-3.5厘米,先端渐尖或钝圆,边缘有疏齿或呈波状,侧面的裂片较短,披针形或长圆状披针形,边缘有齿,基部的2裂片有时具不规则2-3浅裂,叶片基部的弯缺圆形或方形,深0.5-1.5厘米,宽2-2.5厘米,两面粗糙,上面深绿色,背面苍绿色,除脉上明显被柔毛外,近无毛。雌雄同株,雌、雄花常各数朵簇生在同一叶脉。雄花:花梗细,长0.5-1.5厘米,无毛,花萼筒短,长约2毫米,宽5-6毫米,裂片开展,钻形,长约0.5-1毫米;花冠绿黄色,径约7毫米,裂片卵形,长2毫米,宽约0.5-1毫米,先端稍钝,具明显3条脉,两面具小疣点;雄蕊3,1枚1室,2枚2室,花丝离生,极短,长1-1.5毫米,花药卵形,长2毫米,药室折曲。雌花:花萼和花冠与雄花相同;子房卵球形,平滑,近无毛,花柱细,上部3裂,柱头膨大,2裂。果实近无柄,球形,不开裂,直径14-18毫米,果皮平滑,黄绿色至红色,并间以白色纵条纹。种子少数,卵形,褐色,两面凸起,凸起部份厚达1-2毫米,环以隆起的环带,长5毫米,宽3毫米,厚3.5-4毫米。花期3-8月,果期7-12月。
产台湾、广东和广西。常生于海拔1000米左右的山坡疏林或灌丛中。越南、印度、马来西亚、澳大利亚和非洲也有。
果实和根有剧毒。