| 学名(拉丁名) | Ferula |
| 中文名 | 阿魏属 |
| 命名人 | L. |
| 中文科名 | 伞形科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Umbelliferae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Ferula |
| 中文名 | 阿魏属 |
| 中文科名 | 伞形科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Umbelliferae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Ferula |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Apiaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Ferula |
| 中文名 | 阿魏属 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Apiaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Ferula |
| 中文名 | 阿魏属 |
| 中文科名 | 伞形科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Apiaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Ferula |
| 发表年份 | 1753(年) |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Apiaceae |
| 1 | 伞形花序穿茎，除顶部中央花序为复伞形花序外，侧生伞形花序多为单伞形花序，成串轮生或对生于主轴上。 | 近礼品芹亚属 Subgen. Dorematoides |
| 1 | 中央花序和侧生花序均为复伞形花序组成较大的圆锥花丛。 (2) | |
| 2 | 花瓣黄色，稀为淡黄色，花后即脱落，一次结果性草本。 (3) | |
| 2 | 花瓣淡黄色，花后长时期不脱落，多次结果性草本。 (5) | 梅威亚属 Subgen. Merwia |
| 3 | 茎不为海绵质，叶片始终密集，坚硬、耐旱，当植株枯萎时仍宿存，粗糙，具乳头状突起。 | 近前胡亚属 Subgen. Peucedanoides |
| 3 | 茎粗壮带海绵质，叶片通常平滑，无乳头状突起，早凋落。 (4) | 巨茴亚属 Subgen. Narthex |
| 4 | 叶裂片较大，长圆状卵形，长5厘米以上。 | 古巨茴组 Sect. Paleonarthex |
| 4 | 叶裂片细小，锐裂或深裂，长5厘米以下。 | 新巨茴组 Sect. Neonarthex |
| 5 | 叶片质厚，坚硬，耐旱，宿存，通常分裂为小裂片。 | 旱巨茴组 Sect. Xeronarthex |
| 5 | 叶片质薄，光滑，很少有短柔毛，早凋萎，形状各式。 | 壮根组 Sect. Macrorrhiza |
| 1 | Inflorescence of compound and simple umbels, compound umbels terminal, simple umbels axillary, opposite or successively verticillate forming crowded moniliform racemes. | (2) |
| 1 + | Inflorescence of only compound umbels in an ample loose panicle. | (4) |
| 2 (1) | Stem 1–1.5 m, stout, simply branched. (24) | Ferula feruloides |
| 2 (1) + | Stem 0.3–0.6 m, slender, duplicately branched. | (3) |
| 3 (2) | Leaves roughened, hispid and deciduous; fruits ca. equal to pedicels. (25) | Ferula caspica |
| 3 (2) + | Leaves adaxially glabrous, abaxially pubescent, not deciduous; fruits longer than pedicels. (26) | Ferula dubjanskyi |
| 4 (1) | Petals persistent for a long time after flowering; polycarpic; vittae 3–4 in each furrow, 10–12 on commissure. (10) | Ferula lehmannii |
| 4 (1) + | Petals deciduous after flowering, monocarpic or polycarpic. | (5) |
| 5 (4) | Stem stout, spongy; leaves usually smooth, not papillose, deciduous. | (6) |
| 5 (4) + | Stem slender, not spongy; leaves roughened; usually papillose, persistent until plant has withered. | (14) |
| 6 (5) | Segments of leaves larger, oblong-ovate, more than 5 cm. | (7) |
| 6 (5) + | Segments of leaves smaller, shapes various, less than 5 cm. | (8) |
| 7 (6) | Plants strongly onion-scented; stem elongate-conic; fruit ribs narrowly winged. (1) | Ferula conocaula |
| 7 (6) + | Plants not onion-scented; stem terete; fruit ribs broadly winged. (2) | Ferula jaeschkeana |
| 8 (6) | Petals abaxially glabrous. (9) | Ferula canescens |
| 8 (6) + | Petals abaxially pubescent. | (9) |
| 9 (8) | Stem slender, suberect or flexuose, 15–50 cm high, plants not onion-scented. | (10) |
| 9 (8) + | Stem stout, erect, above 1 m high, plants strongly onion-scented. | (11) |
| 10 (9) | Plants 15–30 cm; bracteoles densely white villous; fruits 5–8 mm, longer than pedicels; vittae 2 on commissure. (7) | Ferula syreitschikowii |
| 10 (9) + | Plants ca. 50 cm; bracteoles glabrous; fruits 8–10 mm, shorter than pedicels; vittae 2–6 on commissure. (8) | Ferula hexiensis |
| 11 (9) | Segments of leaves lobed or toothed; fruit vittae 3–5 in each furrow, 10–14 on commissure. | (12) |
| 11 (9) + | Segments of leaves lanceolate; fruit vittae 1–2(–3) in each furrow, 6 on commissure. | (13) |
| 12 (11) | Stem roughened, pubescent; mature fruits 10–12 mm, equaling or shorter than pedicels (3) | Ferula sinkiangensis |
| 12 (11) + | Stem subglabrous; mature fruits 12–16 mm, longer than pedicels (3) | Ferula sinkiangensis |
| 13 (11) | Umbellules 10–20-flowered; fruit 10–12 mm, vittae 1–2 in each furrow. (5) | Ferula teterrima |
| 13 (11) + | Umbellules 10–13-flowered; fruit ca. 14 mm, vittae 2 in each furrow, rarely 3 (16) | Ferula kirialovii |
| 14 (5) | Leaves thick, sub-leathery, rigid, not deciduous. | (15) |
| 14 (5) + | Leaves thin, papery, flexible, deciduous. | (18) |
| 15 (14) | Ultimate leaf segments linear, 1–2 mm, branchlets often verticillate; bracteoles deciduous. (14) | Ferula dissecta |
| 15 (14) + | Ultimate leaf segments elliptic or ovate, never linear. | (16) |
| 16 (15) | Plants low, 30–60 cm, leaves densely puberulous, bluish green; rays 4–15, spreading, unequal; lateral umbel absent. (11) | Ferula bungeana |
| 16 (15) + | Plants tall, 1–3 m, leaves roughened, hispid or sparingly pubescent; lateral umbel present. | (17) |
| 17 (16) | Ultimate leaf segments 5–10 mm, toothed or lobed; fruit vittae 4–8 on commissure. (12) | Ferula ovina |
| 17 (16) + | Ultimate leaf segments 20–30 mm, parted, lobules entire or serrate; fruit vittae 2 on commissure. (13) | Ferula lapidosa |
| 18 (14) | Ultimate segments linear or lanceolate. | (19) |
| 18 (14) + | Ultimate segments elliptic-ovate, never linear or lanceolate. | (21) |
| 19 (18) | Leaves ternate-3–4-pinnatisect, ultimate segments up to 30 mm. (20) | Ferula songarica |
| 19 (18) + | Leaves 2–3-pinnatisect, ultimate segments 2–10 mm. | (20) |
| 20 (19) | Plants sparsely pubescent, leaves adaxially glabrous, abaxially pubescent; fruit 5–7 mm, vittae 2 on commissure. (21) | Ferula gracilis |
| 20 (19) + | Plants glabrous; fruit (7–)10–15 mm, vittae 4–8 on commissure. (22) | Ferula licentiana |
| 21 (18) | Plants glabrous. | (22) |
| 21 (18) + | Plant pubescent or hispid. | (23) |
| 22 (21) | Leaf blade 2–3-pinnatisect, ultimate segments oblong, 0.3–1 × 0.2–0.6 cm; calyx teeth conspicuous, long-triangular. (17) | Ferula olivacea |
| 22 (21) + | Leaf blade 3-pinnate, ultimate segments long-ovate or broadly ovate; calyx teeth obsolete or rarely subulate. (18) | Ferula kingdon-wardii |
| 23 (21) | Leaves adaxially glabrous, abaxially pubescent, articulate between petiole and blade. | (24) |
| 23 (21) + | Leaves roughened, hispid, not articulate between petiole and blade. | (25) |
| 24 (23) | Stem 0.5–1 m, 1 × branched; leaf blade ternate-pinnate, pinnae pinnately parted; lateral umbels single (15) | Ferula moschata |
| 24 (23) + | Stem 2–3 m, 2 × branched; leaf blade ternate-3-pinnatisect; lateral umbels absent. (16) | Ferula kirialovii |
| 25 (23) | Leaves adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely hirsute, basal leaves long-petiolate; bracteoles persistent. (19) | Ferula akitschkensis |
| 25 (23) + | Leaves hispid on both surfaces, basal leaves sessile or short-petiolate; bracteoles deciduous (23) | Ferula karataviensis |
多年生草本，一次性结果或多次性结果，植物体高大或矮小。根颈部常有越年褐色叶鞘纤维，根通常粗大，圆柱形、纺锤形或圆锥形。茎直立，粗壮或稍细，多分枝，下部枝条互生，上部枝条常为轮生。基生叶多数丛生，具柄，叶柄基部扩大成鞘；叶片多回三出全裂或羽状分裂至全裂；茎生叶向上逐渐变小而简化，叶鞘渐扩大，纸质或革质。顶生中央复伞形花序常短小，为两性花，侧生花序位于中央花序的下部，其长度往往超过中央花序，常为雄性花或杂性花；无总苞片或仅有少数，常脱落；小总苞片有或无；萼齿不发育或有短齿；花瓣卵圆形或披针状长圆形，黄色或淡黄色，稀为暗黄绿色，平展或沿中脉增厚而具浅沟，先端渐尖内曲，外面有毛或无毛；花柱基圆锥状，边缘增厚，有时略呈浅波状，花柱长或短。分生果椭圆形、长圆形或倒卵状长圆形，背腹扁压，果棱线形，明显突起，稀为龙骨状，侧棱翅状，狭窄或稍宽；棱槽内油管1或多数，合生面油管2至多数；心皮柄2裂至基部；胚乳腹面平直或微凹。本属有80—172（150）种，主要分布于欧洲南部地中海地区和非洲北部，还有伊朗、阿富汗、中亚和西伯利亚地区以及印度、巴基斯坦等国。中国有26种，主产新疆，少数种类分布于西南、华北、东北以及华东地区。云南产2种。
81．阿魏属——Ferula L.
L. Sp. pl. 246. 1753.
多年生一次结果或多次结果的草本，矮小或高大，被毛或光滑。根通常粗壮，纺锤形，圆锥形或圆柱形；根颈上存留有褐色或棕色的枯萎叶鞘纤维。茎直立，细或粗壮，通常向上分枝成圆锥状，下部枝互生，上部枝多轮生。基生叶多成莲座状，有柄，柄的基部扩大成鞘，叶片数目三出全裂或羽状全裂；茎生叶向上简化，变小；叶鞘大而明显，草质或革质。复伞形花序着生于茎枝顶端的为中央花序，通常为两性花，除中央花序外，多有侧生花序，位于中央花序的基部或下部，为复伞形花序或单伞形花序，为雄性花或杂性花；通常无总苞片；小总苞片有或无；花萼无齿或有短齿；花瓣黄色或淡黄色，稀为暗黄绿色，卵圆形或披针状长圆形，平展或沿中脉增厚而具浅沟，先端渐尖，常向内卷曲，外面有毛或无毛；花柱基圆锥状，边缘增宽，稍呈浅裂波状，花柱钻形或头状，短或延长。果实椭圆形或卵圆形，背腹扁压，果棱线形，稀为龙骨状，侧棱翅状，狭窄或稍宽，侧棱与中棱的距离大于中棱与背的距离；每棱槽内有油管1或多数，合生面油管2至多数；心皮柄2裂至基部；胚乳腹面平直或微凹。
本属有150余种，主要分布在欧洲南部地中海地区和非洲北部，还有伊朗、阿富汗、苏联的中亚部分和西伯利亚地区以及印度、巴基斯坦等地。我国有25种，主产新疆，少数种类在甘肃、宁夏、陕西、山西、内蒙古、辽宁、黑龙江、河北、河南、山东、江苏、安徽、云南、西藏等省区也有分布。
模式种：大阿魏 Ferula communis L.
本属植物在应用上，以植株有无葱蒜样臭味而分为臭阿魏和香阿魏两大类。我国传统用的阿魏属于臭阿魏类，药材采自这类植物所产生的树脂。我国最早记载于《唐本草》（公元659年），其后历代本草都有记载：功能消积，杀虫，主治虫积、内积、痞块，心腹冷痛，疟疾，痢疾等。除传统用法外，在新疆民间广泛用来祛风湿，治关节疼痛。根据其它的报道，还能作为镇静祛痰药，治老人咳嗽，小儿哮咳喘息；外用能堕胎，在日本治习惯性便秘。在某些传染病流行时，随身佩带阿魏可以预防麻疹，在越南用此预防霍乱等。这类阿魏在我国有6种，主要的有新疆阿魏 F. sinkiangensis K. M. Shen 和臭阿魏 F. teterrima Kar. et Kir. 等。
香阿魏类中的一些植物亦可药用。如多伞阿魏 F. ferulaeoides (Steud.) Korov. 在新疆民间用作中药阿魏的代用品。准噶尔阿魏 F. songorica Pall. ex Schult. 在苏联哈萨克斯坦民间用来治疗头疼、感冒、胃病等。里海阿魏 F. caspica M. Bieb. 用来治神经失常；我国云南产的榄绿阿魏 F. olivacea (Diels) Wolff ex Hand. -Mazz. 根能发散风热，降气祛痰，止咳。北方各省区分布的硬阿魏 F. bungeana Kitagawa 根和全草药用，能清热解毒，消肿止痛，治疗骨结核，淋巴结核，肠溃疡，扁桃体炎，肋间神经痛等。
本属植物除药用外，有的也可食用。生长在荒漠中的阿魏，当一般栽培的蔬菜还未长成时，其基生叶已成莲座状，居民常采作新鲜蔬菜食用。另据报道，有的阿魏根富含淀粉，如多伞阿魏 F. ferulaeoides (Steud.) Korov. 的根，含淀粉达37％。沙生阿魏 F. dubjanskyi Korov. ex Pavlov 的根含淀粉达57.63％，提出的淀粉也可食用。
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