学名(拉丁名) | Stellera chamaejasme |
中文名 | 狼毒 |
命名人 | Linn. |
中文科名 | 瑞香科 |
拉丁属名 | Stellera |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Thymelaeaceae |
中文属名 | 狼毒属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Stellera chamaejasme |
中文名 | 甘遂 |
中文科名 | 瑞香科 |
拉丁属名 | Stellera |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Thymelaeaceae |
中文属名 | 狼毒属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Stellera chamaejasme |
中文名 | 狼毒 |
中文科名 | 瑞香科 |
类型 | |
拉丁科名 | THYMELAEACEAE |
学名(拉丁名) | Stellera chamaejasme |
中文名 | 狼毒 |
中文科名 | 瑞香科 |
类型 | |
拉丁科名 | THYMELAEACEAE |
学名(拉丁名) | Stellera chamaejasme |
命名人 | L. (accepted name) |
拉丁属名 | Stellera |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Thymelaeaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Stellera chamaejasme |
命名人 | L. |
发表年份 | 1753(年) |
拉丁属名 | Stellera |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Thymelaeaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Stellera chamaejasme |
中文名 | 狼毒 |
拉丁属名 | Stellera |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Thymelaeaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Stellera chamaejasme |
中文名 | 狼毒 |
中文科名 | 瑞香科 |
拉丁属名 | Stellera |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Thymelaeaceae |
中文属名 | 狼毒属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Stellera chamaejasme |
发表年份 | 1753(年) |
拉丁属名 | Stellera |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Thymelaeaceae |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
---|---|---|---|
Passerina concinna | Synonym | The Plant List | (Edgew.) Walp. |
Stellera bodinieri | Synonym | The Plant List | H. Lév. |
Stellera chamaejasme f. angustifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | Diels |
Stellera chamaejasme subsp. angustifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | (Diels) Kit Tan |
Stellera chamaejasme f. chrysantha | Synonym | The Plant List | S.C. Huang |
Stellera concinna | Synonym | The Plant List | Edgew. |
Stellera himalayensis | Synonym | The Plant List | Gand. |
Stellera hypericifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | (Wall. ex Meisn.) Endl. |
Stellera rosea | Synonym | The Plant List | Nakai |
Wikstroemia chamaejasme | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Domke |
Wikstroemia hypericifolia | Synonym | The Plant List | Wall. ex Meisn. |
Wikstroemia rosea | Synonym | The Plant List | (Nakai) Domke |
Chamaejasme stelleriana Kuntze; Stellera bodinieri H. Léveillé; S. chamaejasme f. angustifolia Diels; S. chamaejasme f. chrysantha S. C. Huang; Wikstroemia chamaejasme (Linnaeus) Domke.
Herbs perennial, 20-50 cm tall. Rhizome woody, terete, stout, branched or not. Stems many, clustered, erect, unbranched, base woody, sometimes brown scaly, upper part herbaceous, green or sometimes purple, glabrous. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or ± whorled; petiole short, ca. 1.1 mm, articulate at base; leaf blade pale or grayish green abaxially, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, rarely oblong, 1.2-2.8 × 0.3-1 cm, thinly papery, both surfaces glabrous, base rounded to cuneate, margin slightly revolute or not, apex acuminate or acute, rarely obtuse; lateral veins 4-6 pairs, visible on both surfaces. Inflorescences terminal, capitate, globose, many flowered, with involucre of green leaflike bracts. Flowers fragrant; pedicel absent. Calyx white, yellow, or reddish purple; tube cylindric, 9-11 mm, slender, conspicuously ribbed, slightly swollen at base, exterior glabrous; lobes 5, ovate-oblong, 2-4 × ca. 2 mm, apex rounded or rarely truncate, usually with red, reticulate veins. Stamens 10, lower whorl inserted above middle of calyx tube, upper whorl in throat; filaments very short; anthers yellow, linear-ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 mm; upper ones slightly exserted from calyx tube. Disk developed on one side, linear, ca. 1.8 × 0.2 mm, apex slightly 2-lobed. Ovary ellipsoid, ca. 2 × 1.2 mm, sessile, yellow silky-pubescent distally; style short; stigma capitate, apex sparsely yellow pubescent. Drupe conic, ca. 5 × 2 mm, grayish white pubescent at apex or upper part, enclosed in persistent calyx. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 18*.
Sunny and dry slopes, sandy places; 2600-4200 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia].
1.狼毒(通称)断肠草(内蒙古),拔萝卜、燕子花(河北),馒头花(青海)图版72:5-7
Stellera chamaejasme Linn. Sp. Pl. 559. 1753; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 401. 1894; Rehd. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 551. 1916; 中国高等植物图鉴2:963, 图3655. 1972; 贵州植物志3: 186, 图版77. 1986; 西藏植物志3: 328, 图版135: 1-4. 1986. ——Chamaejasme stelleriana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 584. 1891. ——Stellera bodinieri Levl. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 10: 369. 1912. ——Wikstroemia chamaejasme (Linn.) Domke in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 363. 1913. ——Stellera chamaejasme Linn. var. angustifolia Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 88. 1912.
多年生草本,高20-50厘米;根茎木质,粗壮,圆柱形,不分枝或分枝,表面棕色,内面淡黄色;茎直立,丛生,不分枝,纤细,绿色,有时带紫色,无毛,草质,基部木质化,有时具棕色鳞片。叶散生,稀对生或近轮生,薄纸质,披针形或长圆状披针形,稀长圆形,长12-28毫米,宽3-10毫米,先端渐尖或急尖,稀钝形,基部圆形至钝形或楔形,上面绿色,下面淡绿色至灰绿色,边缘全缘,不反卷或微反卷,中脉在上面扁平,下面隆起,侧脉4-6对,第2对直伸直达叶片的2/3,两面均明显;叶柄短,长约1.1毫米,基部具关节,上面扁平或微具浅沟。花白色、黄色至带紫色,芳香,多花的头状花序,顶生,圆球形;具绿色叶状总苞片;无花梗;花萼筒细瘦,长9-11毫米,具明显纵脉,基部略膨大,无毛,裂片5,卵状长圆形,长2-4毫米,宽约2毫米,顶端圆形,稀截形,常具紫红色的网状脉纹;雄蕊10,2轮,下轮着生花萼筒的中部以上,上轮着生于花萼筒的喉部,花药微伸出,花丝极短,花药黄色,线状椭圆形,长约1.5毫米;花盘一侧发达,线形,长约1.8毫米,宽约0.2毫米,顶端微2裂;子房椭圆形,几无柄,长约2毫米,直径1.2毫米,上部被淡黄色丝状柔毛,花柱短,柱头头状,顶端微被黄色柔毛。果实圆锥形,长5毫米,直径约2毫米,上部或顶部有灰白色柔毛,为宿存的花萼筒所包围;种皮膜质,淡紫色。花期4-6月,果期7-9月。
产我国北方各省区及西南地区。生于海拔2600-4200米的干燥而向阳的高山草坡、草坪或河滩台地。俄罗斯西伯利亚也有分布。
狼毒的毒性较大,可以杀虫;根入药,有祛痰、消积、止痛之功能,外敷可治疥癣。根还可提取工业用酒精,根及茎皮可造纸。