学名(拉丁名) | Abutilon |
中文名 | 苘麻属 |
命名人 | Miller |
中文科名 | 锦葵科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Malvaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Abutilon |
中文名 | 苘麻属 |
中文科名 | 锦葵科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Malvaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Abutilon |
中文名 | 苘麻属 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Malvaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Abutilon |
中文名 | 苘麻属 |
中文科名 | 锦葵科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Malvaceae |
1 | 花瓣长6-10毫米;成熟心皮膨肿,顶端圆形,无喙,果皮薄,膜质。 | 泡果苘 Abutilon crispum |
1 | 花瓣长超过10毫米;成熟心皮不膨肿,顶端具喙或叉开,果皮革质。 (2) | |
2 | 花柱枝和分果爿7-10。 (3) | |
2 | 花柱枝和分果爿14-25。 (8) | |
3 | 花柱枝和分果爿7;花红色,花瓣长约2.5-2.8厘米,内面具星状毛。 | 红花苘麻 Abutilon roseum |
3 | 花柱枝和分果爿8-10。 (4) | |
4 | 花型小,花瓣长1.5-1.7厘米;警片卵形,长7-10毫米。 | 圆锥苘麻 Abutilon paniculatum |
4 | 花大型,花瓣长4-6厘米,警裂片披针形,长1.5-2.5厘米。 (5) | |
5 | 叶掌状3-5裂;花钟形,下垂,桔黄色,具紫色条纹。 | 金铃花 Abutilon striatum |
5 | 叶圆卵形或圆心形,不分裂。 (6) | |
6 | 叶具不规则圆齿,两面均密被毡毛;花桔黄色,花瓣基部无紫色斑点。 | 滇西苘麻 Abutilon gebauerianum |
6 | 叶具粗锯齿,上面疏被星状长硬毛,下面被星状细绒毛和长毛;花黄色,花瓣基部紫红色。 (7) | 华苘麻 Abutilon sinense |
7 | 叶近圆卵形,先端尾状渐尖,边缘具粗牙齿。 | 华苘麻(原变种) Abutilon sinense var. sinense |
7 | 叶近圆形,先端长尾状渐尖,边缘近全缘或具微细圆锯齿。 | 无齿华苘麻 utilon sinense var. edentatum |
8 | 花桔黄色,花瓣基部紫色;分果爿20-25。 (9) | 恶味苘麻 Abutilon hirtum |
8 | 花黄色,花瓣基部不为紫色;分果爿14-20。 (10) | |
9 | 小枝、叶、叶柄和花梗均密被长硬毛和短腺毛。 | 恶味苘麻(原变种) Abutilon hirtum var. hirtum |
9 | 小枝、叶、叶柄和花梗均密被绒毛。 | 元谋恶味筒麻 Abutilon hirtum var. yuanmouense |
10 | 花梗较叶柄为短;分果爿先端具长芒2,芒长3毫米。 | 苘麻 Abutilon theophrasti |
10 | 花梗长为叶柄的2倍或近等长;分果爿先端锐尖或具短芒。 (11) | 磨盘草 Abutilon indicum |
11 | 分果爿15-20。 | 磨盘草(原变种) Abutilon indicum var. indicum |
11 | 分果爿14。 (12) | |
12 | 花大型,花瓣长约18毫米,雄蕊柱无毛。 | 几内亚磨盘草 Abutilon indicum var. guineense |
12 | 花较小,花瓣长6毫米,雄蕊柱被星状柔毛。 | 小花磨盘草 Abutilon indicum var. forrestii |
1 | Leaf blade palmately deeply 3-5-lobed; pedicel 7-10 cm, very slender, pendulous from near base, glabrous; corolla orange with prominent darker veins. (4) | A. pictum |
1 + | Leaf blade orbicular-ovate or orbicular-cordate, at the most obscurely 3-cuspidate near apex; pedicel 1-7 cm, robust, often curved, hairy; corolla red, orange, or yellow, without darker veins, center sometimes purple-red | (2) |
2 (1) | Styles and mericarps 14-25; petals 0.6-1.8 cm | (3) |
2 (1) + | Styles and mericarps (5-)7-10; petals (1.5-)2.5-6 cm | (6) |
3 (2) | Mericarp apex prominently 2-awned, awns 3-5 mm, usually spreading. (7) | A. theophrasti |
3 (2) + | Mericarp apex acute or obscurely awned, awns to 2 mm | (4) |
4 (3) | Stems, petioles, and pedicels with 3 hair types: long simple hairs, minute stellate hairs, and short gland-tipped hairs; pedicel shorter than petiole; petals orange with purple bases; mericarps 20-25. (6) | A. hirtum |
4 (3) + | Stems, petioles, and pedicels with 1 or 2 hair types: stellate hairs, sometimes mixed with a few long simple hairs; pedicel 1-2 × as long as petiole; petals uniformly yellow or orange; mericarps 14-20 | (5) |
5 (4) | Calyx shorter than schizocarp, lobes 3-4 × 3-4 mm, finally spreading; leaf blade abaxially stellate velvety. (8) | A. indicum |
5 (4) + | Calyx ca. as long as schizocarp, lobes 5-10 × 5-6 mm, usually appressed; leaf blade abaxially stellate pubescent. (9) | A. guineense |
6 (2) | Petals 1.5-1.7 cm; calyx lobes ovate, 0.7-1 cm; flowers in an open, conical, terminal panicle. (5) | A. paniculatum |
6 (2) + | Petals 2.5-6 cm; calyx lobes lanceolate, 1.5-4 cm; flowers axillary or in an irregular congested panicle | (7) |
7 (7) | Mericarps 5, apices erect, long-acute; stems with gland-tipped hairs. ------ A. persicum | (7) |
7 (7) + | Mericarps 7-10, apices ± spreading, more abruptly contracted into awn; stems not glandular | (8) |
8 (7) | Styles and mericarps 7; petals red or pink, 2.5-2.8 cm, adaxially stellate hairy. (1) | A. roseum |
8 (7) + | Styles and mericarps 8-10; petals mostly yellow or orange, sometimes with purple-red bases, 3.5-6 cm, adaxially glabrous | (9) |
9 (8) | Leaf margin coarsely dentate or minutely crenate, adaxially sparsely stellate strigose and with long hairs; pedicel 3-5 cm; corolla yellow, often with purple-red center. (2) | A. sinense |
9 (8) + | Leaf margin irregularly crenate, adaxially densely tomentose; pedicel 1-2 cm; corolla uniformly orange. (3) | A. gebauerianum |
草本、亚灌木或灌木。叶互生,基部常心形,掌状脉。花腋生或顶生,单生或排列成圆锥花序;无小苞片;花萼钟状,裂片5;花冠钟状、轮状,稀管状,花瓣5,基部连合与雄蕊住合生;雄蕊柱顶端具多数花丝;子房具有8—20心皮,花柱枝与心皮同数,子房每室有胚珠2—9。蒴果近球形,陀螺状、磨盘状或灯笼状,分果爿8—20;种子肾形。本属约150种,分布于热带和亚热带地区。我国产9种(包括栽培种),分布于南北各省区。云南有8种,分布于全省各地。本属一些种类茎皮纤维发达,常栽培以取纤维,供编织用;有的入药用;也有的花大色艳,供观赏用。
7. 苘麻属——Abutilon Miller
Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4, 1, 1754.——Bogenherdaa Rchb. f. , Nom. Gen. Pl. pt. 2: 48, 1841.
草本、亚灌木状或灌木。叶互生,基部心形,掌状叶脉。花顶生或腋生,单生或排列成圆锥花序状;小苞片缺如;花萼钟状,裂片5;花冠钟形、轮形,很少管形,花瓣5,基部联合,与雄蕊柱合生;雄蕊柱顶端具多数花丝;子房具心皮8-20,花柱分枝与心皮同数,子房每室具胚珠2-9。蒴果近球形,陀螺状、磨盘状或灯笼状,分果爿8-20;种子肾形。
本属的模式种:苘麻 Abutilon theophrasti Medicus
本属约150种,分布于热带和亚热带地区。我国产9种(包括栽培种),分布于南北各省区。
本属有些种类的茎皮富含纤维,常栽培以供编织用,如苘麻;有些种类的花型大,花色艳,可供园林观赏,如金铃花、红花苘麻等;也有的种类可作药用,如苘麻、磨盘草等。