| 学名(拉丁名) | Polygala |
| 中文名 | 远志属 |
| 命名人 | Linn. |
| 中文科名 | 远志科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Polygalaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Polygala |
| 中文名 | 远志属 |
| 中文科名 | 远志科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Polygalaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Polygala |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Polygalaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Polygala |
| 中文名 | 远志属 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Polygalaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Polygala |
| 中文名 | 远志属 |
| 中文科名 | 远志科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Polygalaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Polygala |
| 发表年份 | 1753(年) |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Polygalaceae |
| 1 | 萼片花后全部脱落，稀1枚外萼片宿存，龙骨瓣具狭条状或片状鸡冠状附属物。 (2) | |
| 1 | 萼片花后全部宿存；龙骨瓣具丰富的丝状流苏或稀为蝶结状附属物。 (25) | 远志亚属 Subgen. Polygala |
| 2 | 总状花序顶生、假顶生或与叶对生，偶有圆锥花序；鸡冠状附属物狭条状；蒴果果爿常具环状肋纹；种子球形，种阜盔状。荷包山桂花组Sect. I. Arillus S. K. Chen (3) | 黄杨远志亚属 Subgen. Chamaebuxus |
| 2 | 总状花序腋生或顶生，鸡冠状附属物片状；蒴果果爿无环状肋纹；种子卵球形，或被长硬毛状柔毛，无种阜，或被短柔毛，具种阜。 (9) | 小扁豆亚属 Subgen. Pseudosemeiocardium |
| 3 | 攀援状灌木；花排列成顶生圆锥花序。 | 红花远志 Polygala tricholopha |
| 3 | 直立灌木；花排列成顶生、假顶生或与叶对生的总状花序。 (4) | |
| 4 | 叶片两面无毛；蒴果仅1粒种子发育成熟，种子无毛。 | 少籽远志 Polygala oligosperma |
| 4 | 叶片两面均被短柔毛，至少沿脉被短柔毛；蒴果两粒种子全部发育成熟，种子被短柔毛，稀无毛。 (5) | |
| 5 | 小枝、叶柄、叶及花序均密被短柔毛。 (6) | |
| 5 | 小枝、叶柄及花序无毛或疏被短柔毛，叶片两面仅沿脉被短柔毛。 (8) | |
| 6 | 总状花序与叶对生；内萼片长圆状倒卵形，且与花瓣成直角着生，鸡冠状附属物无柄；蒴果具狭翅。 | 荷包山桂花 Polygala arillata |
| 6 | 总状花序顶生；内萼片斜倒卵形，与花瓣不成直角着生，鸡冠状附属物具柄；蒴果无翅。 (7) | |
| 7 | 叶披针形至椭圆状披针形，长8-17（-20）厘米，宽4-6.5厘米；侧生花瓣长圆形，先端几乎截形，基部内侧无毛；蒴果倒心形至圆形，直径1-1.4厘米。 | 黄花倒水莲 Polygala fallax |
| 7 | 叶倒卵形，长24-32厘米，宽8.5-9.8厘米；侧生花瓣阔卵形，先端圆形，基部内侧具1簇白色柔毛；蒴果阔卵形，直径约1厘米。 | 髯毛远志 Polygala barbellata |
| 8 | 叶片椭圆形，长（5-）10-16厘米，宽4.5-6.3厘米，侧脉7-8对，两面隆起，网状细脉两面稍突起；总状花序腋生；蒴果肾形，两端凹入。 | 肾果远志 Polygala didyma |
| 8 | 叶片倒卵形至椭圆形，长（10-）15-19厘米，宽5.5-7厘米，侧脉6-7对，仅在背面隆起，网状细脉平坦；总状花序顶生或与叶对生；蒴果肾状圆形，基部圆形，仅顶端下凹。 | 球冠远志 Polygala globulifera |
| 9 | 灌木或亚灌木；萼片花后全部脱落。 (10) | |
| 9 | 一年生草本（稀小灌木），常自中上部呈伞房状分枝；外萼片花后1枚宿存。 (20) | 小扁豆组 Sect. Pseudosemeiocardium |
| 10 | 鸡冠状附属物盾状或囊状；种子密被长硬毛状柔毛，无种阜。 (11) | 长毛籽组 Sect. Villososperma |
| 10 | 鸡冠状附属物片状浅裂；种子被短柔毛，具翅状种阜。 (13) | 岩生远志组 Sect. Saxicola |
| 11 | 总状花序单一，假顶生；果爿具淡黄色突起的树脂点；叶较均匀地排列于小枝上。 | 斑果远志 Polygala resinosa |
| 11 | 总状花序数个聚生于小枝顶部；果爿无树脂点；叶通常密集于小枝顶部。 (12) | |
| 12 | 数个总状花序集成伞房状或圆锥状花序；花小，长5（-8）毫米；鸡冠状附属物盾状；蒴果长圆状倒卵形，长8毫米，宽约4毫米。 | 尾叶远志 Polygala caudata |
| 12 | 花序2-5个簇生于枝顶部数个叶腋内，不为伞房状或圆锥状花序；花大，长12-20毫米，鸡冠状附属物为2兜状；蒴果倒卵形或楔形，长10-14毫米，宽6毫米。 | 长毛籽远志 Polygala wattersii |
| 13 | 灌木；叶片线状披针形或椭圆状披针形；花大，长20-25毫米。 | 密花远志 Polygala tricornis |
| 13 | 直立草本或亚灌木；叶片椭圆形、倒卵形或各种形状的披针形；花长不及15毫米。 (14) | |
| 14 | 花白色或黄色，外萼片不等大，中外萼片囊状或兜状。 (15) | |
| 14 | 花粉红色或紫红色，外萼片近等大，卵形或椭圆形，或中间者稍大，呈小舟形。 (16) | |
| 15 | 花白色或淡绿白色，大，长约15毫米，中外萼片和鸡冠状附属物均为兜状。茎密具突起的叶痕及淡黄色皮孔；叶片微肉质，椭圆状倒卵形至匙形，长10-15毫米，宽5-6毫米，先端钝。 | 贵州远志 Polygala dunniana |
| 15 | 花黄色，较小，长约7毫米，中外萼片和鸡冠状附属物均为囊状。茎不具叶痕和皮孔；叶片膜质，椭圆状披针形，长10厘米，宽3厘米，先端渐尖。 | 台湾远志 Polygala arcuata |
| 16 | 外萼片几相等，均为卵形或椭圆形。 (17) | |
| 16 | 外萼片不等大，中间1枚小舟形。 (19) | |
| 17 | 花小、长仅4毫米，龙骨瓣仅具乳突状鸡冠状附属物；内萼片倒卵形至近圆形。 | 海岛远志 Polygala insularis |
| 17 | 花较大，长6-9毫米，龙骨瓣具片状鸡冠状附属物；内萼片椭圆形或椭圆状卵形。 (18) | |
| 18 | 鸡冠状附属物片状3浅裂，花瓣3/4以下合生；叶片卵状、倒卵状或椭圆状披针形，长3.5-8厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，背面暗紫色，基部偏斜。 | 大叶金牛 Polygala latouchei |
| 18 | 鸡冠状附属物为片状2深裂，花瓣1/2以下合生；叶片椭圆形，长1.5-4厘米，宽0.6-1.5厘米，背面淡绿色，叶基圆形，不偏斜。 | 曲江远志 Polygala koi |
| 19 | 龙骨瓣具2片顶端浅裂的鸡冠状附属物，舟状外萼片沿中脉无翅；蒴果近圆形，直径约4.5毫米；叶片披针形或椭圆状长圆形，长3-12厘米，宽1-3.5厘米。 | 海南远志 Polygala hainanensis |
| 19 | 龙骨瓣具4片顶端微裂的鸡冠状附属物，舟状外萼片沿中肋具狭翅；蒴果圆形至近正方形，直径约5毫米；叶片倒卵形或长椭圆形，长4.5-9厘米，宽2.5-4.5厘米。 | 岩生远志 Polygala saxicola |
| 20 | 花红色或紫红色，龙骨瓣无明显的鸡冠状附属物；蒴果被柔毛；种子具种阜，无附属体和瘤状突起。 | 小扁豆 Polygala tatarinowii |
| 20 | 花黄色，龙骨瓣具鸡冠状附属物；蒴果无毛，种子具种阜、附属体和瘤状突起，稀无。 (21) | |
| 21 | 总状花序果时长不超过5厘米；种子被毛。 (22) | |
| 21 | 总状花序果时长达7-12厘米；种子无毛。 (24) | |
| 22 | 小灌木；龙骨瓣具舟状鸡冠状附属物。 | 坝王远志 Polygala bawanglingensis |
| 22 | 一年草本；龙骨瓣具蝶结状或扇形鸡冠状附属物。 (23) | |
| 23 | 苞片钻形；内萼片椭圆形，长3-3.5毫米；龙骨瓣较侧瓣短，具蝶结状鸡冠状附属物；种子椭圆形，具瘤状突起和亮黑色长圆形附属体。 | 凹籽远志 Polygala umbonata |
| 23 | 苞片卵形；内萼片倒卵形，长约2.5毫米；龙骨瓣较侧瓣长，具扇形鸡冠状附属物；种子卵球形，平滑，无瘤状突起和附属体。 | 肾果小扁豆 Polygala furcata |
| 24 | 茎自下部分枝，分枝粗壮。叶片卯形，长2-4厘米，宽1-2.5厘米，侧脉于边缘处连结成1与叶缘平行的纵脉，且两面突起；蒴果圆形或近四方形，直径约3毫米，顶端平或微凹具翅；种子椭圆形，具盔状种阜，远离种脐端具1亮黑色附属体。 | 思茅远志 Polygala lacei |
| 24 | 茎自中部以上呈伞房状分枝，分枝细；叶片卯状三角形或卵形，长1.5-2.5厘米，宽0.6-1厘米，无与叶缘平行的纵脉；蒴果阔倒心形，直径约2毫米，顶端平凹无翅，种子卵球形，具瘤状突起，种阜2裂下延，无附属体。 | 心果小扁豆 Polygala isocarpa |
| 25 | 雄蕊之花丝全部合生成一侧开放的鞘，或仅中间的2枚2/3以上分离。 (26) | |
| 25 | 雄蕊之花丝2/3以下合生成鞘，以上分离。 (31) | |
| 26 | 花丝全部合生成一侧开放的鞘。 (27) | |
| 26 | 花丝两侧各3枚全部合生，中间2枚2/3以上分离。 (29) | |
| 27 | 总状花序顶生，侧生花瓣远较龙骨瓣长，花丝鞘内侧被柔毛；花柱顶端画笔状，柱头着生于画笔之中部；蒴果长圆形，种子密被绢毛。 | 新疆远志 Polygala hybrida |
| 27 | 总状花序腋生、腋外生或与叶对生；侧生花瓣与龙骨瓣等长或稍短；花丝鞘内侧无毛，仅具缘毛；花柱顶端不为画笔状；蒴果圆形或倒心形，种子被短柔毛。 (28) | |
| 28 | 叶片纸质，披针形至线状披针形，两面疏被卷曲短柔毛，侧脉不明显；总状花序腋外生；蒴果倒心形至近圆形，直径约4毫米，具狭翅及缘毛。 | 隆子远志 Polygala lhunzeensis |
| 28 | 叶片近革质，卵形至卵状披针形，两面无毛或沿脉被短柔毛，侧脉3-5对，两面突起；花序与叶对生；蒴果圆形，直径6毫米，具阔翅，无缘毛。 | 瓜子金 Polygala japonica |
| 29 | 一年生铺散小草本，高不及15厘米；总状花序腋生或腋外生，极短，长不及叶；花白色，稀紫红色，侧瓣三角状菱形，边缘皱波状；蒴果无翅，直径约2毫米。 | 小花远志 Polygala arvensis |
| 29 | 多年生直立草本，高15厘米以上；总状花序顶生、或呈偏侧状生于小枝顶端，稀腋生、较叶长；花紫红色，侧瓣长圆形或椭圆形，边缘不为皱波状；蒴果具狭翅，直径约4毫米。 (30) | |
| 30 | 总状花序顶生，有时腋生，长不及2厘米；花瓣仅2枚，雄蕊6-8，蒴果边缘具缘毛，种阜3裂；叶片线形至椭圆状披针形，宽3-4毫米。 | 单瓣远志 Polygala monopetala |
| 30 | 总状花序呈偏侧状生于小枝顶端，长5-7厘米，略俯垂；花瓣3枚，雄蕊8；蒴果边缘无毛，种阜2裂；叶片线形至狭长圆状披针形，宽0.5-1(-3)毫米。 | 远志 Polygala tenuifolia |
| 31 | 植物体密被平展的刺毛状长毛。 (32) | |
| 31 | 植物体仅被卷曲短柔毛或近无毛，决不为平展的长柔毛。 (33) | |
| 32 | 多年生直立或铺散草本；叶片互生，椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形，先端钝或微凹、总状花序腋生或与叶对生，长1.2-2厘米，3枚花瓣分离，鸡冠状附属物无柄。 | 西南远志 Polygala crotalarioides |
| 32 | 一年生直立草本；叶近对生，阔卵形至长圆状椭圆形，先端钝，具短尖头；总状花序腋上生， 长0.5-1厘米；花瓣基部合生，鸡冠状附属物具柄。 | 合叶草 Polygala subopposita |
| 33 | 花柱顶部扩大为斜杯状或马蹄形，往头1，乳突状。 (34) | |
| 33 | 花柱顶部不扩大为杯状或马蹄形，柱头2。 (36) | |
| 34 | 花柱顶部扩大为斜杯状，杯之顶端具1簇柔毛，柱头生于杯之下缘；叶线状披针形或披针形，下部叶4-5片假轮生，上部叶互生。 | 圆锥花远志 Polygala paniculata |
| 34 | 花柱顶部扩大呈马蹄形，无簇毛，柱头生其内；叶全部互生。 (35) | |
| 35 | 纤细平卧小草本；叶片膜质，披针形至狭披针形，两面无毛，长10-20毫米，宽2.5-3毫米，花小，长不及3毫米；蒴果倒卵状椭圆形，长3毫米，宽约2.5毫米。 | 金花远志 Polygala linarifolia |
| 35 | 直立草本，茎枝较粗；叶片纸质，倒卵形、椭圆形至披针形，长2.6-10厘米，宽1-1.5厘米，疏被短柔毛；花大，长约4.5毫米；蒴果圆形，直径约2毫米。 | 华南远志 Polygala glomerata |
| 36 | 一年生草本；茎单1或分枝。 (37) | |
| 36 | 多年生草本。 (38) | |
| 37 | 茎纤细，具狭翅状纵棱；茎下部叶片卵形、密、上部叶片披针形至线状披针形、疏散；内萼片倒卵形，鸡冠状附属物蝶结状；蒴果具两侧不等的狭翅；总状花序顶生。 | 长叶远志 Polygala longifolia |
| 37 | 茎枝稍粗，无棱翅；叶片披针形或线状披针形，较均匀地排于茎枝上；内萼片圆形或阔倒卵形；鸡冠状附属物流苏状；蒴果两侧具相等的狭翅及缘毛；总状花序枝叉生。 | 蓼叶远志 Polygala persicariifolia |
| 38 | 叶片无光泽，侧脉不明显。 (39) | |
| 38 | 叶片具光泽，侧脉及细脉明显，具两面突起。 (41) | |
| 39 | 茎、枝和花序被直而不卷曲的短柔毛；总状花序腋外生或假顶生；蒴果倒心形，具狭翅，疏具短缘毛。 | 西伯利亚远志 Polygala sibirica |
| 39 | 茎、枝、花序均被卷曲短柔毛；花序顶生或与叶对生；蒴果圆形，具阔翅。 (40) | |
| 40 | 总状花序顶生，长3-6厘米，具7-18花，花长7-9毫米，舟状外萼片背面沿中肋具狭翅，内萼片斜卵形，先端圆形。 | 香港远志 Polygala hongkongensis |
| 40 | 总状花序与叶对生，长1.5-2厘米，具3-8花，花长约6毫米，舟状外萼片中肋无翅，内萼片倒卵状渐尖，似镰刀状。 | 丽江远志 Polygala lijiangensis |
| 41 | 茎簇生，不分枝或少分枝；叶片线状披针形至椭圆状披针形，长15-25毫米，宽3-5毫米；总状花序顶生或腋生；苞片线形，开花时宿存；内萼片卵状长圆形至椭圆状长圆形，花瓣中部以下合生，鸡冠状附属物大。 | 雅致远志 Polygala elegans |
| 41 | 茎单1或多分枝；叶片披针形至椭圆状披针形，长15-30毫米，宽5-10毫米，总状花序与叶对生或腋生；苞片卵状披针形，早落；内萼片倒卵状长圆形，3片花瓣离生鸡冠状附属物小。 | 卡西远志 Polygala khasiana |
| 1 | Sepals persistent after flowering; keel with apical appendage highly filiform-fimbriate | (2) |
| 1 + | Sepals caducous after flowering, rarely one outer sepal persistent; keel with apical appendage flabelliform and lobed or laciniate (flowers unknown in P. oligosperma ) | (20) |
| 2 (1) | Filaments united, forming an open staminal sheath split in upper 1/2-2/3, with 2 separate single filaments in middle, and on either side of these, a united group of 3 filaments each carrying 3 sessile anthers at tip | (3) |
| 2 (1) + | Filaments united throughout their length forming an open staminal sheath, or united in lower 1/3-2/3 forming an open staminal sheath with upper 1/3-2/3 free or grouped into 2 lobes | (5) |
| 3 (2) | Annual herbs, usually shorter than 15 cm tall; racemes axillary or extra-axillary, shorter than leaves; flowers white, rarely purple-red, lateral petals deltoid-rhombic, margin sometimes undulate; capsule ca. 2 mm in diam., minutely winged. (30) | P. polifolia |
| 3 (2) + | Perennial herbs, erect, more than 15 cm tall; racemes terminal or pseudoterminal, rarely axillary, longer than leaves; flowers purple-red, lateral petals oblong or elliptic, margin not undulate; capsule ca. 4 mm in diam., obviously winged | (4) |
| 4 (3) | Petals 2; stamens 6-8; capsule margin ciliate; strophiole 3-lobed; leaf blade 3-4 mm wide. (31) | P. monopetala |
| 4 (3) + | Petals 3; stamens 8; capsule margin not ciliate; strophiole 2-lobed; leaf blade 0.5-1(-3) mm wide. (32) | P. tenuifolia |
| 5 (2) | Filaments united for entire length, forming an open staminal sheath | (6) |
| 5 (2) + | Filaments united in lower 1/2-2/3, forming an open staminal sheath, upper 1/3-1/2 free | (9) |
| 6 (5) | Racemes terminal; lateral petals much longer than carina; style apex penicillate; capsule oblong; seeds densely sericeous. (26) | P. hybrida |
| 6 (5) + | Racemes axillary, extra-axillary, or opposite to leaf; lateral petals equaling or shorter than carina; style apex not penicillate; capsule orbicular or obcordate; seeds pubescent | (7) |
| 7 (6) | Leaf blade subleathery or thickly papery, lateral veins 3-5 pairs, raised on both surfaces; racemes opposite to leaves; capsule orbicular, emarginate, ca. 6 mm in diam., broadly winged, not ciliate. (29) | P. japonica |
| 7 (6) + | Leaf blade papery, lateral veins obscure on both surfaces; racemes extra-axillary; capsule obcordate or suborbicular, ca. 4 mm in diam., narrowly winged and ciliate | (8) |
| 8 (7) | Leaf blade lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, both surfaces green. (27) | P. lhunzeensis |
| 8 (7) + | Leaf blade broadly ovate to orbicular, abaxially purple-red, adaxially dark green. (28) | P. wenxianensis |
| 9 (5) | Plants densely hairy with at least some long spreading hairs | (10) |
| 9 (5) + | Plants hairy, hairs curved pubescent, not long, or plant glabrescent | (11) |
| 10 (9) | Perennial herbs; leaves alternate, elliptic or obovate-elliptic, apex obtuse or retuse; racemes 1.2-2 cm; petals free, apical appendages not stalked. (33) | P. crotalarioides |
| 10 (9) + | Annual herbs; leaves subopposite, broadly ovate to oblong-elliptic, apex obtuse, mucronate; racemes 0.5-1 cm; petals basally connate, apical appendages stalked. (34) | P. subopposita |
| 11 (9) | Apex of style extended, obliquely cup-shaped or horseshoe-shaped, stigma 1 | (12) |
| 11 (9) + | Apex of style not cup-shaped or horseshoe-shaped, stigmas 2 | (14) |
| 12 (11) | Style obliquely cup-shaped, with a terminal tuft of hairs at apex; stem indumentum glandular; leaves in upper branches alternate, lower ones subopposite or pseudowhorled. (35) | P. paniculata |
| 12 (11) + | Style horseshoe-shaped, not hairy; stem indumentum not glandular; leaves alternate | (13) |
| 13 (12) | Slender herbs, prostrate; leaf blade membranous, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 10-20 × 2.5-3 mm, both surfaces glabrous; flowers 3.5-4.5 mm; capsule obovoid-ellipsoidal, ca. 2.5 mm in diam.. (36) | P. triflora |
| 13 (12) + | More robust herbs, erect; leaf blade papery, obovate or elliptic to lanceolate, 2.6-10 × 1-1.5 cm, sparsely pubescent; flowers ca. 4.5 mm; capsule orbicular, ca. 2 mm in diam.. (37) | P. chinensis |
| 14 (11) | Annual herbs | (15) |
| 14 (11) + | Perennial herbs | (16) |
| 15 (14) | Stems slender, narrowly winged or ridged; lower leaves ovate, dense, upper leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, sparse, less than 0.5 cm wide; racemes terminal. (38) | P. longifolia |
| 15 (14) + | Stems relatively stout, terete; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, evenly alternate, more than 0.5 cm wide; racemes in forks of branches. (39) | P. persicariifolia |
| 16 (14) | Leaf blade shiny, lateral veins conspicuous, raised on both surfaces | (17) |
| 16 (14) + | Leaf blade not shiny, lateral veins inconspicuous | (18) |
| 17 (16) | Stems caespitose, branched or not; leaf blade linear-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 3-5 mm wide [in Nepal, leaves to 8 mm wide]; racemes terminal or axillary; bracts linear, persistent at flowering; inner sepals ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong. (43) | P. elegans |
| 17 (16) + | Stems simple or multibranched; leaf blade lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate to ovate, 5-10 mm wide; racemes opposite to leaves or axillary; bracts ovate-lanceolate, caducous; inner sepals obovate-oblong. (44) | P. bomiensis |
| 18 (16) | Stems, branchlets, and inflorescences erect-pubescent; apex of inner sepals acute; capsule narrowly winged. (42) | P. sibirica |
| 18 (16) + | Stems, branchlets, and inflorescences crisped pubescent; apex of inner sepals mucronate to acuminate; capsule broadly winged | (19) |
| 19 (18) | Racemes terminal, 3-6 cm, 7-18-flowered; flowers 7-9 mm; inner sepals obliquely ovate, apex rounded. (40) | P. hongkongensis |
| 19 (18) + | Racemes opposite to leaves, 1.5-2 cm, 3-8-flowered; flowers ca. 6 mm; inner sepals obovate, apex acuminate, falcate. (41) | P. lijiangensis |
| 20 (1) | Racemes terminal, pseudoterminal, or opposite to leaf, sometimes a panicle; apical appendage laciniate; unwinged part of capsule usually with obvious concentric ribs; seeds globose, strophiole hooded or helmet-shaped | (21) |
| 20 (1) + | Racemes axillary or terminal, appendage lamellate; unwinged part of capsule without obvious concentric ribs; seeds ovoid or hirsute-villous, not strophiolate, or pubescent and strophiolate | (27) |
| 21 (20) | Scandent shrubs; flowers in terminal panicles. (1) | P. tricholopha |
| 21 (20) + | Erect shrubs; flowers in terminal, pseudoterminal, or leaf-opposed racemes | (22) |
| 22 (21) | Both surfaces of leaf blade glabrous; capsule with 1 maturing seed. (2) | P. oligosperma |
| 22 (21) + | Both surfaces of leaf blade pubescent, at least on veins; capsule with 2 seeds | (23) |
| 23 (22) | Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescence axes glabrous or sparsely pubescent | (24) |
| 23 (22) + | Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescence axes densely pubescent | (25) |
| 24 (23) | Leaf blade elliptic, (5-)10-16 × 4.5-6.5 cm, lateral veins 7 or 8 pairs and reticulate veins slightly raised on both surfaces; racemes axillary; capsule reniform, depressed at both ends. (6) | P. didyma |
| 24 (23) + | Leaf blade obovate to elliptic, (10-)15-19 × 5.5-7 cm, lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs, raised only abaxially, reticulate veins flat; racemes terminal or opposite to leaves; capsule reniform-orbicular, base rounded, depressed only at apex. (7) | P. globulifera |
| 25 (23) | Racemes leaf-opposed; inner sepals oblong to ovate, at right angle to petals, apical appendage stalkless; capsule winged. (3) | P. arillata |
| 25 (23) + | Racemes terminal; inner sepals obliquely ovate, not at right angle to petals, apical appendage stalked; capsule not winged | (26) |
| 26 (25) | Leaf blade lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, smaller than 20 × 7 cm; lateral petals oblong, apex nearly truncate, inside glabrous at base; capsule obcordate to orbicular, 1-1.4 cm in diam.. (4) | P. fallax |
| 26 (25) + | Leaf blade ovate, larger than 25 × 8 cm; lateral petals broadly elliptic, apex rounded, inside barbate at base; capsule broadly ovoid, ca. 1 cm in diam.. (5) | P. barbellata |
| 27 (20) | Annual herbs (rarely small shrubs), with corymbose branches from middle of stems; one outer sepal persistent after flowering ( P. tatarinowii with completely caducous outer sepals) | (28) |
| 27 (20) + | Shrubs or subshrubs; usually all outer sepals caducous after flowering | (34) |
| 28 (27) | Flowers red or purple-red, keel without conspicuous apical appendage; capsule pubescent; seeds strophiolate, without appendage or tubercle. (19) | P. tatarinowii |
| 28 (27) + | Flowers yellow, keel with apical appendage; capsule glabrous; seeds normally with strophiole, appendage, and tubercle | (29) |
| 29 (28) | Racemes 7-14 cm at fruiting; seeds glabrous | (30) |
| 29 (28) + | Racemes shorter than 5 cm at fruiting; seeds pubescent | (32) |
| 30 (29) | Plant branching from upper part of stem, corymbose, branchlets thin; leaf blade ovate-deltoid or ovate; capsule broadly obcordate, ca. 2 mm across; seeds ovoid, tuberculate or punctate, without wings. (25) | P. isocarpa |
| 30 (29) + | Plant branching from lower part of stem, branchlets stout; leaf blade ovate; capsule subglobose or subsquare, apex retuse, winged; seeds with appendage | (31) |
| 31 (30) | Stem not fleshy; capsule globose or subsquare, ca. 3 mm across; seeds ellipsoidal, exotesta tuberculate, with a black, shiny appendage. (23) | P. lacei |
| 31 (30) + | Stem fleshy; capsule subglobose, ca. 4 mm across; seeds oblong, smooth, not tuberculate, with a small, white appendage. (24) | P. carnosicaulis |
| 32 (29) | Small shrubs; keel with boat-shaped apical appendage. (20) | P. bawanglingensis |
| 32 (29) + | Annual herbs; keel with bow-shaped or fan-shaped apical appendage | (33) |
| 33 (32) | Bracts subulate; inner sepals elliptic, 3-3.5 mm; seeds ellipsoid, tuberculate, with obvious, black, shiny, oblong appendage. (21) | P. umbonata |
| 33 (32) + | Bracts ovate; inner sepals obovate, ca. 2.5 mm; seeds ovoid, smooth, not tuberculate, without obvious appendage. (22) | P. furcata |
| 34 (27) | Apical appendage of keel peltate or saccate-cucullate; seeds densely hirsute-villous, strophiole absent | (35) |
| 34 (27) + | Apical appendage of keel shallowly lobed; seeds pubescent, with winged strophiole | (37) |
| 35 (34) | Capsule yellowish with raised resiniferous punctate glands; leaves evenly arranged on branchlets. (8) | P. resinosa |
| 35 (34) + | Capsule neither yellowish nor with resiniferous punctate glands; leaves usually concentrated at apices of branchlets | (36) |
| 36 (35) | Flowers 5(-8) mm; apical appendage of keel peltate; capsule oblong-obovate, ca. 8 mm, ca. 4 mm in diam.. (9) | P. caudata |
| 36 (35) + | Flowers 12-20 mm; apical appendage of keel 2-cucullate; capsule obovate or cuneate, 10-14 mm, ca. 6 mm in diam.. (10) | P. wattersii |
| 37 (34) | Shrubs; leaf blade linear-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate; flowers 2-2.5 cm. (11) | P. karensium |
| 37 (34) + | Erect herbs or subshrubs; leaf blade elliptic, obovate, or variously lanceolate; flowers less than 1.5 cm | (38) |
| 38 (37) | Petals white or yellow; outer sepals differing in size; middle outer sepal pocketlike or cucullate | (39) |
| 38 (37) + | Petals pink or purple-red; outer sepals nearly equal, ovate or elliptic, or middle one small and boat-shaped | (40) |
| 39 (38) | Petals white or greenish white; flowers at least 15 mm, middle outer sepal and apical appendage of keel cucullate; stems with dense, raised leaf scars and lenticels; leaf blade slightly fleshy, elliptic-obovate to spatulate, 5-6 mm wide, apex obtuse. (12) | P. dunniana |
| 39 (38) + | Petals yellow; flowers ca. 7 mm; middle outer sepal and apical appendage of keel pocketlike; stems without leaf scars and lenticels; leaf blade membranous, elliptic-lanceolate, ca. 3 cm wide, apex acuminate. (13) | P. arcuata |
| 40 (38) | Outer sepals unequal, middle one small and boat-shaped | (41) |
| 40 (38) + | Outer sepals nearly equal, ovate or elliptic | (42) |
| 41 (40) | Keel 2-lamellate; boat-shaped outer sepal not winged on midvein; capsule suborbicular, ca. 4.5 mm in diam.; leaf blade lanceolate or elliptic, 3-12 × 1-3.5 cm. (17) | P. hainanensis |
| 41 (40) + | Keel 4-lamellate; boat-shaped outer sepal narrowly winged on midvein; capsule orbicular to subsquare, ca. 5 mm in diam.; leaf blade obovate or narrowly elliptic, 4.5-9 × 2.5-4.5 cm. (18) | P. saxicola |
| 42 (40) | Flowers ca. 4 mm, keel with papillate apical appendage; inner sepals obovate to orbicular. (14) | P. wuzhishanensis |
| 42 (40) + | Flowers 6-9 mm, keel with lamellate apical appendage; inner sepals elliptic or elliptic-ovate | (43) |
| 43 (42) | Keel lamellate, with 3-lobed apical appendage; petals connate in lower 3/4; leaf blade ovate-, obovate-, or elliptic-lanceolate, 3.5-8 × 1.5-2.5 cm, abaxially dark purple, base oblique. (15) | P. latouchei |
| 43 (42) + | Keel 2-lamellate, with 2-lobed apical appendage; petals connate in lower 1/2; leaf blade elliptic, 1.5-4 × 0.6-1.5 cm, abaxially greenish and purplish, base rounded, not oblique. (16) | P. koi |
一年生或多年生草本，灌木或小乔木，有时具刺。单叶，纸质至近革质，互生，稀对生或轮生（我国不产），全缘，被毛或无毛。花序为腋生、腋外生或顶生的总状花序，稀为圆锥花序；小苞片1—3枚，宿存或脱落；花两性，两侧对称，萼片5枚，不等大，宿存或脱落，2轮列，外面3枚小，里面2枚大，常呈花瓣状；花瓣3枚，白色、黄色或紫色，侧生花瓣与龙骨瓣常在中部以下合生，龙骨瓣小舟状、兜状或盔状，顶端常具1各式各样的鸡冠状附属物；雄蕊8枚，花丝常联合成一开放的鞘，并与花瓣贴生，花药无柄或有柄，基底着生，1室或2室，顶孔开裂；花盘有或无；子房2室，两侧压扁，每室具1倒生下垂的胚珠，花柱常弯曲。果为蒴果，两侧压扁，具翅或无，有种子2粒；种子卵形、圆形或短楔形，常呈黑色，被毛或无，靠种脐端具帽状、盔状全缘或具各种分裂的种阜或无，另一端有时具附属体。约500种，广布于全世界。我国有39种8变种，分布于全国各地，而以西南和华南为盛。云南有24种4变种，全省均产之，以南部和东南部最多。
3.远志属Polygala Linn.
Linn. Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 315. 1754; et Sp. Pl: 1: 701. 1753; DC. Prodr. 1: 321. 1824; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 136. 1862; Boerlage, Fl. Ned. 1 (1): 77. 1890; Chodat in Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 1: 1. 1891. ibid. 31 (2): 1-500. 1893; et in Engl. u Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(4): 330. 1897;陈书坤, 植物分类学报29 (3): 193. 1991.
一年生或多年生草本、灌木或小乔木，有时具刺（我国不产）。单叶互生，稀对生或轮生（我国不产），叶片纸质或近革质，全缘，无毛或被柔毛。总状花序顶生、腋生或腋外生；花两性，左右对称，具苞片1-3枚，宿存或脱落；萼片5，不等大，宿存或脱落，2轮列，外面3枚小，里面2枚大，常花瓣状；花瓣3，白色、黄色或紫红色，侧瓣与龙骨瓣常于中部以下合生，龙骨瓣舟状，兜状或盔状，顶端背部具鸡冠状附属物；雄蕊8，花丝连合成一开放的鞘，并与花瓣贴生，花药基部着生，有柄或无柄，1室或2室，顶孔开裂；花盘有或无；子房2室，两侧扁，每室具1下垂倒生胚珠；花柱直立或弯曲，弯曲状况依龙骨瓣形状而定，柱头1或2。果为蒴果，两侧压扁，具翅或无，有种子2粒；种子卵形、圆形、圆柱形或短楔形，通常黑色，被短柔毛或无毛，种脐端具1帽状、盔状全缘或具各式分裂的种阜，另端具附属体或无。
约500种，广布于全世界，我国有42种8变种，广布于全国各地，而以西南和华南地区最盛。
本属植物中一些种的根入药，含远志皂甙、远志碱、远志糖醇、远志素、树脂、脂肪油等成分，有镇咳、化痰、活血、止血、益智安神，散郁的功能。
属模式种：Polygala vulgaris Linn.
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