学名(拉丁名) | Phyllanthus urinaria |
中文名 | 叶下珠 |
命名人 | L. |
中文科名 | 大戟科 |
拉丁属名 | Phyllanthus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
中文属名 | 叶下珠属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Phyllanthus urinaria |
中文名 | 叶下珠 |
中文科名 | 大戟科 |
拉丁属名 | Phyllanthus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
中文属名 | 叶下珠属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Phyllanthus urinaria |
中文名 | 叶下珠 |
中文科名 | 叶下珠科 |
类型 | |
拉丁科名 | PHYLLANTHACEAE |
学名(拉丁名) | Phyllanthus urinaria |
中文名 | 叶下珠 |
中文科名 | 叶下珠科 |
类型 | |
拉丁科名 | PHYLLANTHACEAE |
学名(拉丁名) | Phyllanthus urinaria |
命名人 | L. (accepted name) |
拉丁属名 | Phyllanthus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Phyllanthaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Phyllanthus urinaria |
命名人 | L. |
发表年份 | 1753(年) |
拉丁属名 | Phyllanthus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Phyllanthaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Phyllanthus urinaria |
中文名 | 叶下珠 |
拉丁属名 | Phyllanthus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Phyllanthus urinaria |
中文名 | 叶下珠 |
中文科名 | 大戟科 |
拉丁属名 | Phyllanthus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Euphorbiaceae |
中文属名 | 叶下珠属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Phyllanthus urinaria |
发表年份 | 1753(年) |
拉丁属名 | Phyllanthus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Phyllanthaceae |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
---|---|---|---|
Phyllanthus alatus | Synonym | The Plant List | Blume |
Phyllanthus cantoniensis | Synonym | The Plant List | Hornem. |
Phyllanthus croizatii | Synonym | The Plant List | Steyerm. |
Phyllanthus echinatus | Synonym | The Plant List | Buch.-Ham. ex Wall. |
Phyllanthus lauterbachianus | Synonym | The Plant List | Pax |
Phyllanthus leprocarpus | Synonym | The Plant List | Wight |
Phyllanthus nozeranii | Synonym | The Plant List | Rossignol & Haicour |
Phyllanthus urinaria var. laevis | Synonym | The Plant List | Haines |
Phyllanthus urinaria subsp. urinaria | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Phyllanthus urinaria var. hookeri | Accepted | The Plant List | (Müll.Arg.) Hook.f. |
Diasperus urinaria | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Kuntze |
Phyllanthus mauritianus | Synonym | The Plant List | Henry H.Johnst. |
Phyllanthus muricatus | Synonym | The Plant List | Wall. |
Phyllanthus rubens | Synonym | The Plant List | Bojer ex Baker |
Phyllanthus urinaria var. oblongifolius | Synonym | The Plant List | Müll.Arg. |
Phyllanthus verrucosus | Synonym | The Plant List | Elmer |
一年生草本,高10-60厘米。茎通常直立,基部多分枝,枝倾卧而后上升;枝具翅状纵棱,上部具一纵列疏短柔毛。叶片纸质,因叶柄扭转而呈羽状排列,长圆形或倒卵形,长4-10毫米,宽2-5毫米,先端圆、钝或急尖而有小尖头,下面灰绿色,有时略带紫色或红色,边缘有睫毛或1-3列短粗毛;侧脉每边4-5条,明显;叶柄极短;托叶卵状披针形,长约1.5毫米。花雌雄同株,直径约4毫米;雄花:2-4簇生于叶腋,通常仅上面1朵开花,下面的微小;花梗长约0.5毫米,基部有苞片1-2枚;萼片6,倒卵形,长约0.6毫米,顶端钝;雄蕊3,花丝合生成柱状;花盘腺体6,分离,与萼片互生;雌花:单生于小枝中下部的叶腋内;花梗长约0.5毫米;萼片6,近相等,卵状披针形,长约1毫米,边缘膜质,黄白色;花盘圆盘状,边全缘;子房卵状,有鳞片状凸起,花柱分离,顶端2裂,裂片弯卷。蒴果圆球状,直径1-2毫米,红色,表面具小凸刺,有宿存的花柱和萼片,开裂后轴柱宿存;种子长1.2毫米,橙黄色。花期4-6月,果期7月至翌年1月。
产绿春、思茅、景东、潞西、泸水、贡山;生于海拔300-1100米的湿润山坡草地、路旁或林缘。分布于西南、华南、华中、华东、河北、山西、陕西。印度、斯里兰卡、中南半岛、日本、马来西亚、印度尼西亚至南美也有。
Diasperus urinaria (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Phyllanthus alatus Blume; P. cantoniensis Hornemann; P. cantoniensis Schweigger (1812), not Hornemann (1807); P. chamaepeuce Ridley; P. lepidocarpus Siebold & Zuccarini; P. leprocarpus Wight; P. nozeranii Rossignol & Haicour.
Annual herbs, erect or procumbent, up to 80 cm tall; stem much branched at base; branches prostrate to ascending, winged, hispidulous along one side. Leaves distichous; stipules ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, base conspicuously auriculate; petiole very short; leaf blade papery, oblong or oblong-obovate or nearly linear, sometimes slightly falcate, 4-10 × 2-5 mm, abaxially gray-green or pale, or sometimes reddish tinged, adaxially bright or dark green, base mostly obtuse, sometimes conspicuously oblique, margin ciliate, apex rounded, obtuse, or acutely mucronulate; lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, conspicuous. Plants monoecious. Flower fascicles male along distal part of branchlets, 2-4-flowered, female along middle and lower part of branchlets, 1-flowered; pedicel ca. 0.5 mm, with 1-2 bracteoles at base. Male flowers: sepals 6, elliptic to oblong-obovate, 0.3-0.6 × 0.2-0.4 mm, yellowish white, apex obtuse; disk glands 6, green; stamens 3; filaments completely united into a slender column. Female flowers: pedicels ca. 0.5 mm; sepals 6, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, subequal, ca. 1 mm, margin membranous, yellowish white, persistent in fruit; disk orbicular, entire; ovary ovoid or spherical, with conspicuous raised scales; styles 3, free, bifid at apex, lobes revolute. Capsules globose, 2-2.5 mm in diam., with reddish blotches, scurfy-tuberculate. Seed 3-sided, 1-1.2 × 0.9-1 mm, light grayish brown, with 12-15 sharp transverse ridges on back and sides, often with 1-3 deep circular pits on side. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Nov.
Dry fields, roadsides, wastelands, forest margins; below 100-600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; South America].
9.叶下珠(植物名实图考)阴阳草、假油树(本草纲目拾遗),珍珠草(广西),珠仔草(台湾),蓖其草(湖北)图版26:6-8
Phyllanthus urinaria Linn. Sp. Pl. 982. 1753; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 18(2): 364. 1866: Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 293. 1887; Ridl. in Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 200. 1924; Beill. in Lec. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 586. 1927; Hand.-Mazz. Symb, Sin. 7: 223. 1931; Croiz. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 16: 657. 1940; Webster in Journ. Arn. Arb. 38: 194, Text-fig. 9. 1957; Back. et Bakh. f. Fl. Java 1: 469. 1963; 海南植物志2: 129, 357, 1965; Webster et Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 26: 91. 1971; Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 26: 325. 1972, et Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 4: 185. 1975;中国高等植物图鉴2: 588, 图2906. 1972; Hsieh in Li, Fl. Taiwan. 3: 493. 1977; Ohwi, Fl.Jap. new ed. rev. enl. 834. 1978; 湖北植物志2; 363, 图262, 1979; Chin in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 347. 1981. ——Phyllanthus cantoniensis Hornem. Enum Pl. Hort. Hafn. 29. 1807. ——P. cantoniensis Schweigg. Enum. Pl. Hort. Regiorn. 54. 1812.
一年生草本,高10-60厘米,茎通常直立,基部多分枝,枝倾卧而后上升;枝具翅状纵棱,上部被-纵列疏短柔毛。叶片纸质,因叶柄扭转而呈羽状排列,长圆形或倒卵形,长4-10毫米,宽2-5毫米,顶端圆、钝或急尖而有小尖头,下面灰绿色,近边缘或边缘有1-3列短粗毛;侧脉每边4-5条,明显;叶柄极短;托叶卵状披针形,长约1.5毫米。花雌雄同株,直径约4毫米;雄花:2-4朵簇生于叶腋,通常仅上面1朵开花,下面的很小;花梗长约0.5毫米,基部有苞片1-2枚;萼片6,倒卵形,长约0.6毫米,顶端钝;雄蕊3,花丝全部合生成柱状;花粉粒长球形,通常具5孔沟,少数3、4、6孔沟,内孔横长椭圆形;花盘腺体6,分离,与萼片互生;雌花:单生于小枝中下部的叶腋内;花梗长约0.5毫米;萼片6,近相等,卵状披针形,长约1毫米,边缘膜质,黄白色;花盘圆盘状,边全缘;子房卵状,有鳞片状凸起,花柱分离,顶端2裂,裂片弯卷。蒴果圆球状,直径1-2毫米,红色,表面具-小凸刺,有宿存的花柱和萼片,开裂后轴柱宿存;种子长1.2毫米,橙黄色。花期4-6月,果期7-11月。
产于河北、山西、陕西、华东、华中、华南、西南等省区,通常生于海拔500米以下旷野平地、旱田、山地路旁或林缘,在云南海拔1100米的湿润山坡草地亦见有生长。分布于印度、斯里兰卡、中南半岛、日本、马来西亚、印度尼西亚至南美。模式标本采自斯里兰卡。
药用,全草有解毒、消炎、清热止泻、利尿之效,可治赤目肿痛、肠炎腹泻、痢疾、肝炎、小儿疳积、肾炎水肿、尿路感染等。