学名(拉丁名) | Armeniaca mandshurica |
中文名 | 东北杏 |
命名人 | (Maxim.) Skv. |
中文科名 | 蔷薇科 |
拉丁属名 | Armeniaca |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
中文属名 | 杏属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Armeniaca mandshurica |
中文名 | 东北杏 |
拉丁属名 | Armeniaca |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Armeniaca mandshurica |
中文名 | 东北杏 |
中文科名 | 蔷薇科 |
拉丁属名 | Armeniaca |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
中文属名 | 杏属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Armeniaca mandshurica |
发表年份 | 1929(年) |
拉丁属名 | Armeniaca |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
1 | Leaf blade pubescent on both surfaces when young, gradually glabrescent and only abaxially pubescent in vein axils with age. (9) | a var. mandshurica |
1 + | Leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces. (9) | b var. glabra |
Trees 5–15 m tall. Bark dark gray, deeply splitting. Branchlets reddish brown to greenish, glabrous. Winter buds purplish brown, ovoid, 2–4 mm, apex obtuse; scale margins glabrous or puberulous. Petiole 1.5–3 cm, puberulous, often with 2 nectaries; leaf blade broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, 5–12(–15) × 3–6(–8) cm, both surfaces glabrous or pubescent but gradually glabrescent and only abaxially pubescent in vein axils with age, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or sometimes cordate, margin irregularly acutely elongately biserrate, apex acuminate to caudate. Flowers solitary, opening before leaves, 2–3 cm in diam. Pedicel 7–10 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent when young. Hypanthium reddish brown, campanulate, outside usually glabrous. Sepals reddish brown, oblong to elliptic-oblong, outside usually glabrous, margin inconspicuously minutely serrate, apex obtuse to acute. Petals pink or white, broadly obovate to suborbicular. Stamens many, nearly as long to slightly longer than petals. Ovary densely pubescent. Drupe yellow, sometimes white tinged red or with reddish spots on exposed side, subglobose, 1.5–2.6 cm in diam., pubescent; mesocarp slightly fleshy to dry, sour or somewhat bitter, edible in large-fruited forms, fragrant; endocarp subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, compressed laterally, 1.3–1.8 × 1.1–1.8 cm, ventral suture smooth, with obtuse median rib, lateral ribs not developed, dorsal rib suborbicular, surface slightly rugose, base subsymmetric, apex obtuse to mucronate. Seed bitter, rarely sweet. Fl. Apr–May, fr. May–Jul.
Mixed forests, thickets, mountain regions, open sunny slopes; 200--1000 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Korea, E Russia].
The wood is very hard.
6. 东北杏(东北木本植物图志)辽杏(中国树木分类学)
Armeniaca mandshurica (Maxim.) Skv. in Bull. App. Bot. Genet. 22. 3:223. f. 7-9. 1929; Kost. in Kom. Fl. URSS 10:596. pl. 38. f. 2. 1941;东北木本植物图志316. 图版109. 图231. 1955; 俞德浚, 中国果树分类学49. 图16. 1979. ——Prunus armeniaca L. var. mandshurica Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 29:84. 1883. ——Prunus mandshurica (Maxim.) Koehne, Dents. Dendr. 318. 1893; Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubh. 1:635. 1906; Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 5:40. t. 25. 1915;中国高等植物图鉴2: 305. 图2340. 1972.
6a.东北杏(原变种)
Armeniaca mandshurica (Maxim.) Skv. var. mandshurica
乔木,高5-15米;树皮木栓质发达,深裂,暗灰色;嫩枝无毛,淡红褐色或微绿色。叶片宽卵形至宽椭圆形,长5-12(15)厘米,宽3-6(8)厘米,先端渐尖至尾尖,基部宽楔形至圆形,有时心形,叶边具不整齐的细长尖锐重锯齿,幼时两面具毛,逐渐脱落,老时仅下面脉腋间具柔毛;叶柄长1.5-3厘米,常有2腺体。花单生,直径2-3厘来,先于叶开放;花梗长7-10毫米,无毛或幼时疏生短柔毛;花萼带红褐色,常无毛;萼筒钟形;萼片长圆形或椭圆状长圆形,先端圆钝或急尖,边常具不明显细小锯齿;花瓣宽倒卵形或近圆形,粉红色或白色;雄蕊多数,与花瓣近等长或稍长;子房密被柔毛。果实近球形,直径1.5-2.6厘米,黄色,有时向阳处具红晕或红点,被短柔毛;果肉稍肉质或干燥,味酸或稍苦涩,果实大的类型可食,有香味;核近球形或宽椭圆形,长13-18毫米,宽11-18毫米,两侧扁,顶端圆钝或微尖,基部近对称,表面微具皱纹,腹棱钝,侧棱不发育,具浅纵沟,背棱近圆形;种仁味苦,稀甜。花期4月,果期5-7月。
产吉林、辽宁。生于开阔的向阳山坡灌木林或杂木林下,海拔400-1000米。苏联远东和朝鲜北部也有分布。
本种耐寒力强,可作栽培杏的砧木,是培育抗寒杏的优良原始材料。木材坚实,纹理美观,可制作各种家具。花可供观赏。种仁供药用和食品工业用。
6b.光叶东北杏(变种)
Armeniaca mandshurica (Maxim.) Skv. var. glabra (Nakai) Yu et Lu, comb nov. ——Prunus mandshurica (Maxim.) Koehne var. glabra Nakai in Journ. Jap. Bot. 15: 679. 1939.
和上述变种区别在于叶片两面均无毛。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁。生于低海拔的山地。朝鲜也有。