学名(拉丁名) | Armeniaca dasycarpa |
中文名 | 紫杏 |
命名人 | (Ehrh.) Borkh. |
中文科名 | 蔷薇科 |
拉丁属名 | Armeniaca |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
中文属名 | 杏属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Armeniaca dasycarpa |
命名人 | (Ehrh.) Borkh. |
发表年份 | 1797(年) |
拉丁属名 | Prunus |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Armeniaca dasycarpa |
中文名 | 紫杏 |
拉丁属名 | Armeniaca |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Armeniaca dasycarpa |
中文名 | 紫杏 |
中文科名 | 蔷薇科 |
拉丁属名 | Armeniaca |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
中文属名 | 杏属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Armeniaca dasycarpa |
发表年份 | 1797(年) |
拉丁属名 | Armeniaca |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Rosaceae |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
---|---|---|---|
Armeniaca fusca | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Prunus armeniaca var. dasycarpa | Synonym | The Plant List |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Armeniaca dasycarpa | 异名 | The Plant List | (Ehrh.) Pers. | Prunus × dasycarpa |
Armeniaca dasycarpa | The Plant List | |||
Armeniaca dasycarpa | 接受名 | The Plant List | ||
Armeniaca dasycarpa | 接受名 | 中国植物志 | ||
Armeniaca dasycarpa | 接受名 | Flora of China |
Prunus dasycarpa Ehrhart, Beitr. Naturk. 6: 90. 1791; Armeniaca atropurpurea Loiseleur-Deslongchamps; A. dasycarpa (Ehrhart) Persoon; A. fusca Turpin & Poiteau; Prunus armeniaca Linnaeus var. dasycarpa (Ehrhart) K. Koch.
Trees 4–7 m tall. Branchlets many, purplish red, somewhat thin, smooth and glabrous when young. Petiole thin, short, with or without small nectaries; leaf blade ovate to elliptic-ovate, 4–7 × 2.5–5 cm, abaxially pubescent along veins or in vein axils, adaxially dark green and glabrous, base cuneate to subrounded, margin irregularly densely minutely crenate, apex shortly acuminate. Flowers usually solitary (or 2), opening before leaves, ca. 2 cm in diam. Pedicel 4–7 mm, 7–12 mm in fruit, thinly pubescent. Hypanthium reddish brown, campanulate, outside subglabrous. Sepals reddish brown, suborbicular to broadly oblong, subglabrous, apex obtuse. Petals white or with pink spots, broadly obovate to spatulate, to 1 cm. Stamens many, nearly as long as petals. Ovary thinly pubescent. Drupe dark purplish red, subglobose, ca. 3 cm in diam., thinly pubescent, glaucous; mesocarp succulent, sour, adnate to endocarp; endocarp ovoid to ellipsoid-ovoid, compressed laterally, ventral and dorsal ribs slightly obtuse, surface longitudinally furrowed and coarsely scabrous or slightly pitted, base subsymmetric, apex acute. Seed bitter, rarely sweet. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
Cultivated. Xinjiang [Kashmir, Russia; SW Asia].
This species is cultivated for its edible fruit and seeds and is unknown in the wild.
5.紫杏(经济植物手册)
Armeniaca dasycarpa (Ehrh.) Borkh. in Archiv fur Bot. (Romer) 1(2):37. 1797.——Prunus dasycarpa Ehrh. Beitr. Naturk. 5:91. 1790; Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubh. 1: 633. f. 348 h-k, 349 f. 1906. ——Armeniaca fusca Tourp. et Poit. in Nouv. Duham. 1:123. t. 60. 1804. ——Armeniaca dasycarpa (Ehrh. ) Pers. Syn. 1: 1807; DC. Prodr, 2:123. 1825; Kost. in Kom: Fl. URSS 10:598. 1941. ——Armeniaca atropurpurea Lois. in Nouv. Duham. 5:172. t. 51. f. 1. 1812. ——Prunus nigra Desf. Cat. Pl. Hort. Paris 3:297. 1829, non Aiton 1789.——Prunus armeniaca L. var. dasycarpa K. Koch, Dendr. 1:88. 1869.
小乔木,高约4-7米;小枝幼时光滑无毛,紫红色。叶片卵形至椭圆状卵形,长4-7厘米,宽2.5-5厘米,先端短渐尖,基部楔形至近圆形,叶边密生不整齐小钝锯齿,上面无毛,暗绿色,下面沿叶脉或在脉腋间具柔毛;叶柄细瘦,有或无小腺体。花常单生,直径约2厘米,先于叶开放;花梗长4-7毫米,被细短柔毛;花萼红揭色,几无毛;萼筒钟形;萼片近圆形或短长圆形,先端圆钝;花瓣宽倒卵形或匙形,长达10毫米,白色或具粉红色斑点;雄蕊多数,几与花瓣近等长;子房具细短柔毛。果实近球形,直径约3厘米,暗紫红色,具粉霜并有细短柔毛,味酸;果肉与核粘贴;果梗长7-12毫米;核卵形或椭圆状卵形,顶端急尖,基部近对称,两侧扁,腹、背两棱均稍钝,具纵沟,表面稍粗糙或微具蜂窝状小孔穴。花期4-5月,果期6-7月。
本种为栽培种,尚未发现有野生,在我国新疆巩留县及善鄯县等地栽植。在亚洲西南部的一些国家中已久经栽培,在苏联中亚、克什米尔地区及伊朗等地有许多栽培品种,在高加索和乌克兰等地仅有少量栽培。
据记载,本种可能是杏和樱桃李Armeniaca vulgaris × Prunus cerasifera的杂交种。花期比普通杏稍迟数日,抗寒力强,抗真菌病害力也佳。