| 学名(拉丁名) | Draba |
| 中文名 | 葶苈属 |
| 命名人 | L. |
| 中文科名 | 十字花科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Cruciferae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Draba |
| 中文名 | 葶苈属 |
| 中文科名 | 十字花科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Cruciferae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Draba |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Brassicaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Draba |
| 中文名 | 葶苈属 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Brassicaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Draba |
| 中文名 | 葶苈属 |
| 中文科名 | 十字花科 |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Brassicaceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Draba |
| 发表年份 | 1753(年) |
| 类型 | genus |
| 拉丁科名 | Brassicaceae |
| 1 | 花茎无叶，或偶有1-3叶。花黄色，罕有白色，花药卵形或长圆形；短角果卵形，长椭圆形或条形。 | 裸茎葶苈组 Sect. Chrysodraba |
| 1 | 花茎有叶。 (2) | |
| 2 | 茎生叶多，稠密，一般在6枚以上；花药椭圆形，卵形；短角果卵形或卵圆形，常扭转，花柱长0.5-3毫米。 | 多叶葶苈组 Sect. Phyllodraba |
| 2 | 茎生叶少，稀疏。 (3) | |
| 3 | 茎多少具叶，罕见无叶。植物二年生或多年生。花白色，少有硫黄色；短角果椭圆形、卵形或条形，扁平或扭转；花柱长0.25-2毫米。 | 葶苈组 Sect. Draba |
| 3 | 茎通常具叶6-8枚。植物主要一年生，有时多年生。花黄色，少有白色；短角果长圆形或条形，扁平，不扭转；花柱几乎不发育。 | 短柱葶苈组 Sect. Drabella |
| 1 | Annuals or rarely biennials. | (2) |
| 1 + | Perennials, with well-developed caudex often covered with leaf or petiolar remains of previous years. | (7) |
| 2 (1) | Cauline leaves absent, very rarely 1; fruit base acute (43) | D. melanopus |
| 2 (1) + | Cauline leaves 2-24(-30); fruit base obtuse. | (3) |
| 3 (2) | Seeds and aborted ovules (30-)36-60(-72) per fruit. | (4) |
| 3 (2) + | Seeds and aborted ovules 10-24(-28) per fruit. | (5) |
| 4 (3) | Fruit linear, (6-)9-20(-25) mm; petals 3-4 mm (44) | D. stenocarpa |
| 4 (3) + | Fruit oblong or elliptic, (3-)5-8(-10) mm; petals (1.2-)1.7-2.2(-2.5) mm (45) | D. nemorosa |
| 5 (3) | Fruit ovate, glabrous, acute at apex; cauline leaves (5-)10-24(-30) (47) | D. eriopoda |
| 5 (3) + | Fruit oblong, oblong-elliptic, or rarely suborbicular, puberulent, obtuse at apex; cauline leaves 3-12. | (6) |
| 6 (5) | Petals yellow, (1.2-)1.7-2.2(-2.5) mm; valves with stellate and forked trichomes; racemes (5-)12-40(-60)-flowered (46) | D. huetii |
| 6 (5) + | Petals white, 0.6-1 mm; valves with exclusively simple trichomes; racemes (2-)4-10(-15)-flowered (48) | D. ellipsoidea |
| 7 (1) | Flowering stems leafless. | (8) |
| 7 (1) + | Flowering stems 1- to many leaved. | (26) |
| 8 (7) | Petals white. | (9) |
| 8 (7) + | Petals yellow. | (14) |
| 9 (8) | Stems distal half and fruiting pedicels glabrous or rarely glabrescent. | (10) |
| 9 (8) + | Stems and fruiting pedicels tomentose throughout. | (11) |
| 10 (9) | Petals 2.5-3(-3.5) × 1-1.5 mm; fruit base obtuse; fruiting pedicels (1-)2-5(-7) mm; Xinjiang (15) | D. turczaninowii |
| 10 (9) + | Petals (3.5-)4-6 × 2-3 mm; fruit base acute; fruiting pedicels 4-13 mm; Jilin (14) | D. ussuriensis |
| 11 (9) | Petals 4-7 × 1.5-4.5 mm; fruit often twisted, (3-)5-12 mm; style (0.5-)0.7-1.5 mm. | (12) |
| 11 (9) + | Petals 1.5-2.5(-3) × 0.6-1.2 mm; fruit not twisted, 2.5-5 mm; style 0.1-0.4 mm. | (13) |
| 12 (11) | Rachis of infructescence often flexuous; fruit apex acute; petals 1.5-2.5 mm wide; stellate trichomes sessile or subsessile, with some rayed branched (11) | D. winterbottomii |
| 12 (11) + | Rachis of infructescence straight; fruit apex obtuse; petals 2.5-4.5 mm wide; stellate trichomes long-stalked, with unbranched rays (13) | D. sikkimensis |
| 13 (11) | Sepals sparsely hairy inside; fruit oblong, 1-1.5 mm wide, apex obtuse; petals 1.5-2 mm (12) | D. handelii |
| 13 (11) + | Sepals glabrous inside; fruit narrowly ovate or oblong-ovate, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, apex acute; petals 1.8-2.5(-3) mm (10) | D. glomerata |
| 14 (8) | Leaf margin with exclusively malpighiaceous trichomes; seeds and aborted ovules 24-30 per fruit (40) | D. sibirica |
| 14 (8) + | Leaves without malpighiaceous trichomes; seeds and aborted ovules 6-24 per fruit. | (15) |
| 15 (14) | Style (1-)1.5-3.5; sepals 3-4.5 mm (32) | D. jucunda |
| 15 (14) + | Style to 1 mm, if to 1.5 mm then fruits linear to linear-oblong; sepals rarely to 3 mm. | (16) |
| 16 (15) | Leaf margin ciliate with setose or subsetose trichomes to 1.4 mm. | (17) |
| 16 (15) + | Leaf margin not ciliate or ciliate with nonsetose, shorter trichomes. | (20) |
| 17 (16) | Leaves linear or linear oblong; petals 3-4 × 1-2 mm. | (18) |
| 17 (16) + | Leaves variously shaped but not linear or linear-oblong; petals 4-7 × 2-3.5 mm. | (19) |
| 18 (17) | Fruit ovoid to subglobose, inflated, 2.5-4.5 mm; ovules 4-8 per ovary (35) | D. cachemirica |
| 18 (17) + | Fruit elliptic-ovate, rarely oblong-lanceolate, flattened, 6-10 mm; ovules 12-16 per ovary (34) | D. setosa |
| 19 (17) | Fruiting pedicels pubescent all around; valves glabrous, base obtuse; racemes 3-7(-12)-flowered; plants surculose (33) | D. senilis |
| 19 (17) + | Fruiting pedicels glabrous; valves puberulent, base acute; racemes (6-)10-25(-35)-flowered; plants not surculose (38) | D. olgae |
| 20 (16) | Fruit inflated at least basally. | (21) |
| 20 (16) + | Fruit flattened. | (23) |
| 21 (20) | Fruiting pedicels tomentose all around; ovules 16-24 per ovary; fruit apex obtuse (39) | D. humillima |
| 21 (20) + | Fruiting pedicels glabrous at least adaxially; ovules 4-12 per ovary; fruit apex acute to acuminate. | (22) |
| 22 (21) | Leaves abaxially tomentose with predominantly stellate trichomes; fruit inflated throughout, 2-4 mm, basally semicordate (36) | D. korshinskyi |
| 22 (21) + | Leaves abaxially pubescent with predominantly simple trichomes; fruit inflated only basally, (3-)4-9(-12) mm, basally not semicordate (30) | D. oreades |
| 23 (20) | Fruit oblong, oblong-linear, or linear-lanceolate; fruiting pedicels (5-)7-18(-22) mm; leaf stellate trichomes 4-6-rayed, at least 1 ray laterally branched. | (24) |
| 23 (20) + | Fruit ovate, suborbicular, or elliptic; fruiting pedicels 1-7(-10) mm; leaf stellate trichomes 3- or 4-rayed, all rays unbranched. | (25) |
| 24 (23) | Fruit valves with predominantly stellate trichomes; style 0.4-0.8 mm; seeds and aborted ovules 18-24 per fruit; petals 3.5-5 mm (28) | D. tibetica |
| 24 (23) + | Fruit valves with predominantly simple trichomes; style 0.7-1.5 mm; seeds and aborted ovules 10-16 per fruit; petals 4.5-6 mm (29) | D. alajica |
| 25 (23) | Leaf trichomes predominantly simple, very rarely absent; fruit apex acute to acuminate; fruiting pedicels glabrous at least adaxially (30) | D. oreades |
| 25 (23) + | Leaf trichomes predominantly stellate; fruit apex obtuse; fruiting pedicels tomentose all around (31) | D. involucrata |
| 26 (7) | Petals white. | (27) |
| 26 (7) + | Petals yellow. | (39) |
| 27 (26) | Seeds and aborted ovules 24-60 per fruit. | (28) |
| 27 (26) + | Seeds and aborted ovules 6-20(-22) per fruit. | (31) |
| 28 (27) | Fruit linear, 1-1.5 mm wide; fruiting pedicels divaricate, not appressed to rachis (1) | D. ladyginii |
| 28 (27) + | Fruit oblong-elliptic, oblong, lanceolate, or lanceolate-linear, 1.5-3 mm wide; fruiting pedicels erect to ascending, often subappressed to rachis. | (29) |
| 29 (28) | Stems and pedicels hirsute with simple trichomes; leaf stellate trichomes with unbranched rays (3) | D. parviflora |
| 29 (28) + | Stems and pedicels tomentose with primarily stellate and forked trichomes; leaf stellate trichomes with at least 1 ray laterally branched. | (30) |
| 30 (29) | Fruit oblong-elliptic to narrowly oblong, 2-3 mm wide; cauline leaves (2 or)3-5(-7) per stem; petals 3.5-7 mm (4) | D. subamplexicaulis |
| 30 (29) + | Fruit lanceolate to lanceolate-linear, 1.5-2 mm wide; cauline leaves 6-12(-16) per stem; petals 2.5-3.5 mm (2) | D. lanceolata |
| 31 (27) | Petals broadly obovate, 2.5-4.5 mm wide; sepals 2.5-3 mm; fruit apex obtuse; basal leaves subfloccose with long, slender trichomes (13) | D. sikkimensis |
| 31 (27) + | Petals spatulate to narrowly obovate, 1-2(-3) mm wide; sepals 1-2(-2.5) mm; fruit apex acute to acuminate; basal leaves pubescent, pilose, or tomentose with short trichomes. | (32) |
| 32 (31) | Abaxial surface of basal leaves with predominantly simple trichomes, stellate trichomes with unbranched rays. | (33) |
| 32 (31) + | Abaxial surface of basal leaves with predominantly stellate trichomes 1 to all 4 rays of with laterally branched. | (34) |
| 33 (32) | Fruiting pedicels 1-4 mm; fruit not twisted; cauline leaves (1 or)2-6(-8); Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan (7) | D. altaica |
| 33 (32) + | Fruting pedicels 4-12 mm; fruit slightly twisted; cauline leaves 1-3; Taiwan (9) | D. sekiyana |
| 34 (32) | Stems distal half and fruiting pedicels glabrous or rarely glabrescent. | (35) |
| 34 (32) + | Stems and fruiting pedicels tomentose throughout. | (36) |
| 35 (34) | Petals 2.5-3(-3.5) × 1-1.5 mm; fruit base obtuse; fruiting pedicels (1-)2-5(-7) mm; Xinjiang (15) | D. turczaninowii |
| 35 (34) + | Petals (3.5-)4-6 × 2-3 mm; fruit base acute; fruiting pedicels 4-13 mm; Jilin (14) | D. ussuriensis |
| 36 (34) | Fruit (5-)6-11 mm, narrowly oblong-ellipsoid to lanceolate-linear; seeds and aborted ovules 12-22 per fruit. | (37) |
| 36 (34) + | Fruit 2-4(-5) mm, ovate, elliptic, or rarely oblong-ovate; seeds and aborted ovules 6-12 per fruit. | (38) |
| 37 (36) | Fruiting pedicel erect to ascending, often subappressed to rachis; cauline leaves 1-4(or 5) per stem; fruit twisted 2 or 3 turns, rarely untwisted; base of cauline leaves often ciliate with simple trichomes (5) | D. lasiophylla |
| 37 (36) + | Fruiting pedicel divaricate, not appressed to rachis; cauline leaves 6-14(-17) per stem; fruit twisted 1 turn or untwisted; base of cauline leaves not ciliate with simple trichomes (6) | D. mongolica |
| 38 (36) | Fruiting pedicels divaricate; racemes bracteate at least basally, slightly elongated in fruit (8) | D. lichiangensis |
| 38 (36) + | Fruiting pedicels erect to ascending; racemes ebracteate, distal half not elongated in fruit (10) | D. glomerata |
| 39 (26) | Racemes bracteate throughout or only basally. | (40) |
| 39 (26) + | Racemes ebracteate. | (49) |
| 40 (39) | Racemes 2-10(-12)-flowered; fruiting pedicels glabrous or pubescent throughout, if glabrous adaxially then style 1.5-3 mm. | (41) |
| 40 (39) + | Racemes (12-)15-60(-140)-flowered; fruiting pedicels glabrous adaxially, pubescent abaxially. | (44) |
| 41 (40) | Petals 2.5-3.5 × 0.8-1.5 mm; style 0.2-0.5 mm; lowermost fruiting pedicels filiform, to 4 cm, strongly recurved (41) | D. gracillima |
| 41 (40) + | Petals 6-8 × 3-6 mm; style longer; lowermost pedicels not filiform, to 1.8 cm, rarely recurved. | (42) |
| 42 (41) | Racemes bracteate basally; ovary and fruit hirsute; basal leaves ciliate (26) | D. bhutanica |
| 42 (41) + | Racemes bracteate throughout; ovary and fruit glabrous or puberulent; basal leaves not ciliate. | (43) |
| 43 (42) | Style ca. 1 mm; ovules ca. 4 per ovary; racemes 8-12-flowered; pedicels divaricate (D. serpens) | |
| 43 (42) + | Style 2-3.5 mm; ovules 18-22 per ovary; racemes 2-6-flowered; pedicels recurved (25) | D. remotiflora |
| 44 (40) | Fruit pilose; abaxial leaf surface with primarily simple and forked trichomes; lateral pair of sepals not saccate at base (24) | D. matangensis |
| 44 (40) + | Fruit glabrous; abaxial leaf surface with stellate trichomes; lateral pair of sepals subsaccate at base. | (45) |
| 45 (44) | Abaxial surface of basal and lowermost cauline leaves with 5-8-rayed stellate trichomes. | (46) |
| 45 (44) + | Abaxial surface of basal and lowermost cauline leaves with simple, forked, or 3- or 4-rayed stellate trichomes. | (47) |
| 46 (45) | Cauline leaves auriculate to amplexicaul, acute, dentate or denticulate; stems often branched; plants not canescent (18) | D. amplexicaulis |
| 46 (45) + | Cauline leaves not auriculate or amplexicaul, obtuse, entire; stems simple; plants canescent at least basally (16) | D. yunnanensis |
| 47 (45) | Cauline leaves neither auriculate nor amplexicaul; fruit 4-7 mm (23) | D. oreodoxa |
| 47 (45) + | Cauline leaves auriculate or amplexicaul; fruit (7-)10-15 mm. | (48) |
| 48 (47) | Caudex branches surculose; stems few to several from base; seeds and aborted ovules 8-12 per fruit (17) | D. surculosa |
| 48 (47) + | Caudex not surculose; stems simple at base; seeds and aborted ovules (12-)16-22(-24) per fruit (19) | D. polyphylla |
| 49 (39) | Midvein of basal leaves prominent, persistent and often spinelike; leaf margin ciliate with setose or subsetose with simple trichomes to 1.5 mm. | (50) |
| 49 (39) + | Midvein of basal leaves obscure or evident, not persistent and spinelike, leaf margin not ciliate or ciliate with slender, nonsetose trichomes. | (51) |
| 50 (49) | Fruit elliptic-ovate, rarely oblong-lanceolate; stems glabrous distally; leaves glabrous adaxially, midvein narrower than blade on each side (34) | D. setosa |
| 50 (49) + | Fruit linear-lanceolate; stems pubescent throughout; leaves hirsute adaxially, midvein wider than blade on each side (37) | D. linearifolia |
| 51 (49) | Petals 1-1.5 mm; seeds and aborted ovules 24-38 per fruit; style absent (42) | D. zangbeiensis |
| 51 (49) + | Petals 2.5-8 mm; seeds and aborted ovules 4-20(-24); style 0.1-2 mm. | (52) |
| 52 (51) | Fruit ovate, suborbicular, or ovate-lanceolate. | (53) |
| 52 (51) + | Fruit linear, linear-lanceolate, linear-elliptic, to oblong. | (54) |
| 53 (52) | Cauline leaves 3-6(-9); fruiting pedicels 6-13(-17) mm; seeds and aborted ovules 16-20 per fruit; fruit valves pilose, flat (20) | D. elata |
| 53 (52) + | Cauline leaves 1(or 2); fruiting pedicels 1-7(-10) mm; seeds and aborted ovules 4-12 per fruit; fruit valves glabrous or rarely puberulent, inflated basally (30) | D. oreades |
| 54 (52) | Racemes (20-)30-90-flowered; fruiting pedicels glabrous adaxially, pubescent abaxially (21) | D. calcicola |
| 54 (52) + | Racemes 2-18(-20)-flowered; fruiting pedicels either glabrous throughout or pubescent all around. | (55) |
| 55 (54) | Cauline leaves 2-6; fruiting pedicels filiform, lowermost often recurved; abaxial surface of basal leaves with forked or 4-rayed stellate trichomes with unbranched rays. | (56) |
| 55 (54) + | Cauline leaves 1 or very rarely 2; fruiting pedicels not filiform, suberect to divaricate, straight; abaxial surface of basal leaves with 4-6-rayed stellate trichomes 1 or more rays of which forked or with a lateral branch on each side. | (57) |
| 56 (55) | Petals 6-8 × 3-4 mm; fruit 1.5-2.2 cm; style 1.5-2 mm (27) | D. cholaensis |
| 56 (55) + | Petals 2.5-3.5 × 0.8-1.5 mm; fruit (0.5-)0.7-1.3(-1.8) cm; style 0.2-0.5 mm (41) | D. gracillima |
| 57 (55) | Fruit valves with predominantly stellate trichomes; style 0.4-0.8 mm; seeds and aborted ovules 18-24 per fruit; petals 3.5-5 mm (28) | D. tibetica |
| 57 (55) + | Fruit valves with predominantly simple trichomes; style 0.7-1.5 mm; seeds and aborted ovules 10-16 per fruit; petals 4.5-6 mm (29) | D. alajica |
一年、二年或多年生草本，通常呈簇状，被单毛、叉状毛、星状毛或分枝毛。叶为单叶，基生叶常呈莲座状，有柄或无柄，茎生叶通常无柄。总状花序短或伸长，无或有苞片；花小型；萼片直立或稍开展，外萼片长圆形或椭圆形，内萼片常为卵形，先端圆形或稍钝，基部不呈或略呈囊状，有白色膜质边缘；花瓣黄色或白色，少数有玫瑰色或紫色，倒卵状楔形，先端常微缺，基部大都成狭爪；雄蕊通常6，偶有4，花丝细或基部扩大，通常在短雄蕊基部有侧蜜腺一对，花药卵形或长圆形；雌蕊瓶状，稀有圆柱形，无柄，花柱圆锥形或丝状，有的几不发育，有的伸长，柱头压扁或呈头状，很少呈明显的2裂。短角果大多为卵形或披针形，一部分为长圆形或线形，直或弯或扭转，2室；果瓣扁平或略隆起，开裂；隔膜宽而半透明；种子小，2行，每室数个至多数，卵形或椭圆形，无翅；子叶缘倚胚根。约300种，主要分布于北半球北部和高山地区，属北极-高山分布区类型。我国有50余种，主产西南、西北高山地区；云南约有20种2亚种8变种和1变型，主产北部，特别是西北部高山地区。D.hirta Linn.及D.1ascophylla Royle有记录，因未见标本，本志未收入。
42. 葶苈属——Draba L.
L. Sp. Pl. 642. 1753 et Gen. Pl. ed. 5. 291. 1754; O. E. Schulz inEngl. et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2. Aufl. 17b: 500. 1936.
一年、二年或多年生草本，植株矮小，丛生成稠密或疏松的草丛。茎和叶通常有毛；分单毛、叉状毛；星状毛和分枝毛。叶为单叶，基生叶常呈莲座状，有柄或无柄；茎生叶通常无柄。总状花序短或伸长，无或有苞片。花小，外轮萼片长圆形或椭圆形，内轮较宽，顶端都为圆形或稍钝，基部不呈或略呈囊状，边缘白色，透明；花瓣黄色或白色，少有玫瑰色或紫色，倒卵楔形，顶端常微凹，基部大多成狭爪；雄蕊通常6枚（偶有4枚），花药卵形或长圆形，花丝细或基部扩大，通常在短雄蕊基部有侧蜜腺1对；雌蕊瓶状，罕有圆柱形，无柄；花柱圆锥形或丝状，有的近于不发育，有的伸长；柱头头状或呈浅2裂。果实为短角果，大多呈卵形或披针形，一部分为长圆形或条形，直或弯，或扭转；2室，具隔膜；果瓣2，扁平或稍隆起，熟时开裂。种子小、2行，每室数粒至多数，卵形或椭圆形；子叶缘倚胚根。
本属约300种，主要分布在北半球北部高山地区；我国约有54种、25变种，3变型，主要分布在我国西南、西北高山地区。
本属模式种：灰白葶苈 Draba incana L.
KUN官网
