学名(拉丁名) | Cerastium |
中文名 | 卷耳属 |
命名人 | L. |
中文科名 | 石竹科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Caryophyllaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Cerastium |
中文名 | 卷耳属 |
中文科名 | 石竹科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Caryophyllaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Cerastium |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Caryophyllaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Cerastium |
中文名 | 卷耳属 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Caryophyllaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Cerastium |
中文名 | 卷耳属 |
中文科名 | 石竹科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Caryophyllaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Cerastium |
发表年份 | 1753(年) |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Caryophyllaceae |
1 | 花柱3;蒴果6齿裂。 | 六齿卷耳 Cerastium cerastoides |
1 | 花柱5;蒴果10齿裂。 (2) | |
2 | 花瓣长等于或短于萼片。 (3) | |
2 | 花瓣明显长于萼片。 (5) | |
3 | 花瓣长圆状楔形,顶端浅2齿裂。 | 四川卷耳 Cerastium szechuense |
3 | 花瓣长圆形或倒卵状长圆形,全缘或微凹。 (4) | |
4 | 叶片卵状椭圆形或卵形,基部抱茎。 | 抱茎叶卷耳 Cerastium perfoliatum |
4 | 叶片卵状长圆形至披针形,基部不抱茎。 | 簇生卷耳 Cerastium fontanum subsp. triviale |
5 | 花单生。 | 紫草叶卷耳 Cerastium lithospermifolium |
5 | 花成疏散聚伞花序。 (6) | |
6 | 叶片大形,顶端钝,长5-8厘米;花瓣倒心形;全株近无毛或仅基部被短柔毛。 | 达乌里卷耳 Cerastium dahuricum |
6 | 叶片较小而狭,顶端急尖或钝,长5厘米以下;花瓣倒卵形或宽楔形;全株无毛或被柔毛。 (7) | |
7 | 全株近无毛。 (8) | |
7 | 全株被长或短柔毛(少数种类无毛)。 (9) | |
8 | 茎生叶叶片披针形或卵状长圆形,长3-8厘米,宽1-2厘米,顶端急尖;花瓣倒卵形或倒卵状长圆形,全缘。 | 疏花卷耳 Cerastium pauciflorum |
8 | 茎生叶叶片卵状椭圆形,长1.5-2.5厘米,宽8-12毫米,顶端凸尖;花瓣狭倒卵形,顶端2裂。 | 鄂西卷耳 Cerastium wilsonii |
9 | 花丝明显具白色长柔毛,花瓣基部亦常被缘毛。 | 缘毛卷耳 Cerastium furcatum |
9 | 花丝无毛,花瓣基部亦无毛。 (10) | |
10 | 植株较矮小,高5-15厘米;花序具少数花。 | 山卷耳 Cerastium pusillum |
10 | 植株较高大,高10-40厘米;花序较密集,具多数花。 (11) | |
11 | 叶片顶端钝圆;花梗短,长1-3毫米;一年生。 | 球序卷耳 Cerastium glomeratum |
11 | 叶片顶端钝或急尖;花梗较长,长5-30毫米;多年生。 (12) | |
12 | 叶腋生不育枝。 (13) | |
12 | 叶腋无不育枝。 (14) | |
13 | 花瓣长为萼片的2倍或更长,顶端2裂达1/4-1/3;植株被腺毛。 | 卷耳 Cerastium arvense |
13 | 花瓣比萼片稍长,顶端2裂达1/5-1/4;全株被较开展的毛。 | 长白卷耳 Cerastium baischanense |
14 | 花瓣倒卵形或倒卵状长圆形。 (15) | |
14 | 花瓣宽倒心形、长圆状倒心形或线状匙形。 (16) | |
15 | 叶片椭圆形,长5-7毫米,宽2-4毫米;花梗长15毫米;萼片长圆形。 | 华北卷耳 Cerastium limprichtii |
15 | 叶片披针形,长2-6厘米,宽2-10毫米;花梗长2.5-3厘米;萼片披针形。 | 镰刀叶卷耳 Cerastium falcatum |
16 | 叶片椭圆状披针形或披针状线形,长4-8厘米;花瓣宽倒心形;种子直径约2毫米。 | 大卷耳 Cerastium maximum |
16 | 叶片线状披针形或线状倒披针形,长2-4厘米;花瓣长圆状倒心形或线状匙形;种子直径约1毫米。 (17) | |
17 | 叶片线状披针形,叶缘无睫毛;花瓣长圆状倒心形,顶端微凹,长约9毫米,宽5毫米。 | 天山卷耳 Cerastium tianschanicum |
17 | 叶片线状倒披针形,叶缘具稀疏睫毛;花瓣线状匙形,顶端圆形,长3.5毫米,宽0.3-0.5毫米。 | 细叶卷耳 Cerastium subpilosum |
1 | Styles 3; capsule teeth 6. | (2) |
1 + | Styles (4 or)5; capsule teeth (8 or)10. | (3) |
2 (1) | Leaves linear-lanceolate; petals obovate, longer than sepals; stamens 10 (1) | C. cerastoides |
2 (1) + | Leaves ovate-elliptic; petals ovate, shorter than sepals; stamens 5 (2) | C. parvipetalum |
3 (1) | Plants up to 20 cm tall. | (4) |
3 (1) + | Plants at least 15 cm tall. | (12) |
4 (3) | Leaves elliptic, oblong, ovate, or obovate-elliptic. | (5) |
4 (3) + | Leaves linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate. | (8) |
5 (4) | Cyme densely clustered, headlike (3) | C. glomeratum |
5 (4) + | Cyme not as above. | (6) |
6 (5) | Stems ascending; pedicel 5--8 mm, usually nutant after anthesis (4) | C. pusillum |
6 (5) + | Stems erect; pedicel to 15 mm. | (7) |
7 (6) | Leaf apex obtuse; flowers sparse; sepals oblong, 4--5 mm (5) | C. limprichtii |
7 (6) + | Leaf apex acute; flowers dense; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 7--8 mm (6) | C. thomsonii |
8 (4) | Leaves ovate-lanceolate. | (9) |
8 (4) + | Leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate. | (10) |
9 (8) | Plants annual; leaves 1--3 cm × 2--5 mm; flowers borne in a lax dichasium; calyx strongly inflated in fruit; capsule conical-cylindric (7) | C. dichotomum subsp. inflatum |
9 (8) + | Plants perennial; leaves 1--2.5 cm × 3--10 mm; flower solitary; calyx not inflated in fruit; capsule cylindric (8) | C. lithospermifolium |
10 (8) | Leaf apex obtuse; petals slightly shorter than or equaling sepals (9) | C. szechuense |
10 (8) + | Leaves apex acute; petals longer than sepals. | (11) |
11 (10) | Leaves 1.3--2 cm × 2--4 mm; petals ca. 0.5 cm (10) | C. baischanense |
11 (10) + | Leaves 0.5--1 cm × 1--2 mm; petals 1--1.3 cm (11) | C. morrisonense |
12 (3) | Leaves ovate, oblong, or elliptic. | (13) |
12 (3) + | Leaves linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or oblanceolate. | (16) |
13 (12) | Plants stout, 40--100 cm tall; leaves 5--8 × 1.5--4 cm. | (14) |
13 (12) + | Plants slender, 15--60 cm tall; leaves 1--4 × 0.3--1.5 cm. | (15) |
14 (13) | Leaves and bracts opposite (12) | C. davuricum |
14 (13) + | Leaves and bracts 3-verticillate (13) | C. verticifolium |
15 (13) | Stems glabrescent; petals ca. 2 × as long as sepals (14) | C. wilsonii |
15 (13) + | Stems pilose and/or glandular pubescent; petals slightly shorter than or equaling sepals (15) | C. fontanum |
16 (12) | Leave ovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate. | (17) |
16 (12) + | Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. | (18) |
17 (16) | Plants perennial; leaves ovate-lanceolate; sepals oblong-lanceolate, ca. 5 mm; petals oblong or obovate, apex bifid (16) | C. furcatum |
17 (16) + | Plants annual; leaves oblanceolate; sepals ovate, 2--3 mm; petals spatulate, apex entire (17) | C. takasagomontanum |
18 (16) | Leaves lanceolate. | (19) |
18 (16) + | Leaves linear-lanceolate. | (20) |
19 (18) | Leaves 0.2--1 cm wide; sepals lanceolate; petal apex 2-lobed (18) | C. falcatum |
19 (18) + | Leaves 1--2 cm wide; sepals ovate-oblong; petal apex entire (19) | C. pauciflorum |
20 (18) | Leaves 1--2.5 cm; petals apically 2-lobed for 1/4--1/3 their length (20) | C. arvense subsp. strictum |
20 (18) + | Leaves 3--8 cm; petals apically entire, retuse, or crenately 2-lobed. | (21) |
21 (20) | Petals spatulate, apex entire (21) | C. subpilosum |
21 (20) + | Petals obovate, apex retuse or crenately 2-lobed. | (22) |
22 (21) | Leaves 3--5 cm × 3--6 mm; sepals lanceolate; petals slightly longer than sepals; capsule ca. 2 × as long as sepals (22) | C. tianschanicum |
22 (21) + | Leaves 4--8 cm × 5--15 mm; sepals ovate; petals 2--3 × as long as sepals; capsule 2.5--3 × as long as sepals (23) | C. maximum |
一、二或多年生草本,通常全株无毛。茎直立,上升或平卧,单一或簇生。叶多数,对生,线状披针形至卵形,全缘,具短柄或无柄;托叶无。花通常白色,排列成二歧状聚伞花序,顶生;萼片5,稀4,草质,离生,常具膜质边缘;花瓣5,稀4,白色,先端2裂,稀全缘或微凹,极稀具不等的大牙齿,无爪,有时无花瓣;雄蕊10,稀5,周位生;子房上位,1室,具多数胚珠,花柱5,与萼片对生,稀为3或4。蒴果圆筒形,膜质,透明,淡金黄色,通常具光泽,直立或弯曲,先端10齿裂,稍6或8齿裂,裂齿直立或外弯,具多数种子。种子卵圆形至圆状肾形或稀三角形,稍扁,具多数小瘤状或短线形突起。约60种,主要分布于北温带。个别种接近于世界广布。我国约20余种,分布于东北、西北至西南;云南有6种。
10. 卷耳属* Cerastium L.
L., Sp. Pl., 437. 1753 et Gen. Pl. 199. 1754; Benth. et Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 1: 148. 1862.
一年生或多年生草本,多数被柔毛或腺毛。叶对生,叶片卵形或长椭圆形至披针形。二歧聚伞花序,顶生;萼片5,稀为4,离生;花瓣5,稀4,白色,顶端2裂,稀全缘或微凹;雄蕊10,稀5,花丝无毛或被毛;子房1室,具多数胚珠;花柱通常5,稀3,与萼片对生。蒴果圆柱形,薄壳质,露出宿萼外,顶端裂齿为花柱数的2倍;种子多数,近肾形,稍扁,常具疣状凸起。
约100种,主要分布于北温带,多见于欧洲至西伯利亚,极少数种见于亚热带山区。我国有17种,1亚种,3变种,产北部至西南。
属模式种:卷耳 C. arvense L.