学名(拉丁名) | Cycas |
中文名 | 苏铁属 |
命名人 | Linn. |
中文科名 | 苏铁科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Cycadaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Cycas |
中文名 | 苏铁属 |
中文科名 | 苏铁科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Cycadaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Cycas |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Cycadaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Cycas |
中文名 | 苏铁属 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Cycadaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Cycas |
中文名 | 苏铁属 |
中文科名 | 苏铁科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Cycadaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Cycas |
发表年份 | 1753(年) |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Cycadaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Cycas |
类型 | genus |
1 | 大孢子叶上部的顶片微扩大,三角状窄匙形,边缘具细短的三角状齿(广东、广西、福建栽培)(图版3: 4-8)。 | 华南苏铁 Cycas rumphii |
1 | 大孢子叶上部的顶片显著扩大,长卵形至宽圆形,边缘深条裂。 (2) | |
2 | 叶呈二叉状二回羽状深裂,中部的羽状裂片宽2-2.5 厘米(广西龙津)。 | 叉叶苏铁 Cycas micholitzii |
2 | 叶的羽状裂片不再分裂,中部的羽状裂片宽不过2厘米。 (3) | |
3 | 大孢子叶上部的顶片宽较长为大,斜方状宽圆形或宽圆形;叶脉两面显著隆起,在上面叶脉的中央常有一条凹槽(云南西南部)(图版4: 1-6)。 | 篦齿苏铁 Cycas pectinata |
3 | 大孢子叶上部的顶片长较宽为大或近相等,长卵形至斜方状卵圆形;叶脉两面隆起或只在其中一面显著隆起,但在上面叶脉的中央无凹槽。 (4) | |
4 | 大孢子叶上部的顶片边缘有5-7对裂片,顶生裂片显著增大,呈矩圆形,长3.5-4厘米,宽1.5-2厘米(广东海南岛)(图版2: 5-6)。 | 海南苏铁 Cycas hainanensis |
4 | 大孢子叶上部的顶片边缘有10-20对裂片,顶生裂片不增大或略增大,常呈条状钻形。 (5) | |
5 | 树干甚矮小,高30-180厘米,基部显著膨大;叶柄较长,约为羽叶长度的1/3,长40-100厘米,羽状裂片薄革质,基部两侧收缩常对称,下仅不延下生长;种子的外种皮质硬而光滑(云南西南部)(图版3: 1-3)。 | 云南苏铁 Cycas siamensis |
5 | 树干较高,基部不膨大;叶柄长度不超过羽叶的1/4,羽状裂片厚革质或革质,基部两侧收缩常不对称,下侧多少延下生长。 (6) | |
6 | 叶的羽状裂片较大,长18-40厘米,宽12-14毫米,中脉两面显著隆起;大孢子叶上部顶片的顶端呈圆形的轮廓,在大孢子叶柄的中上部着生6-10枚胚株,在上部的1-3枚胚珠的外侧常有钻形的裂片(四川西部、福建南平)(图版1: 7-8)。 | 四川苏铁 Cycas szechuanensis |
6 | 叶的羽状裂片较小,长10-25厘米,宽4-12毫米,中脉只在下面显著隆起,在上面平或稍隆起;大孢子叶上部顶片的顶端骤尖或锐尖,在大孢子叶柄的中上部着生、胚珠2-6枚,在其外侧无裂片。 (7) | |
7 | 叶的羽状裂片之边缘向下反卷,上面中央微凹,有微隆起的中脉,下面中脉显著隆起;大孢子叶成熟后绒毛宿存,上部顶片的顶生裂片钻形,其形与侧裂相似(广东、福建、台湾、各地栽培)(图版1: 1-6)。 | 苏铁 Cycas revoluta |
7 | 叶的羽状裂片之边缘不反卷,两面中脉隆起或微隆起,通常上面中脉隆起更显著;大孢子叶成熟后绒毛常脱落,上部项片的顶生裂片较宽大,具锯齿或呈钻形再分裂(台湾、福建、广东)(图版2: 1-4)。 | 台湾苏铁 Cycas taiwaniana |
1 | Leaves 2- or 3-pinnate; leaflets dichotomously forked. | (2) |
1 + | Leaves 1-pinnate; leaflets simple. | (4) |
2 (1) | Leaves 2-pinnate; leaflets dichotomously 1(-3)-forked into linear, often irregular segments (ultimate leaflets), each 10-38 cm with apex attenuate to long acuminate (3) | Cycas micholitzii |
2 (1) + | Leaves 3-pinnate; secondary leaflets dichotomously (2 or)3-5-forked into linear, regular segments. | (3) |
3 (2) | Leaves 1(or 2), to 7 m; segments obovate-linear, apex shortly acuminate to caudate; sterile blade of megasporophylls with 25-35 subulate lobes (1) | Cycas multipinnata |
3 (2) + | Leaves (3-)5-11(-15), to 2.7 m; segments linear, apex long attenuate or long acuminate; sterile blade of megasporophylls with 39-51 filiform lobes (2) | Cycas debaoensis |
4 (1) | Leaves strongly V-shaped in cross section, longitudinally recurved; margin of leaflets revolute (slightly recurved in C. taitungensis ). | (5) |
4 (1) + | Leaves flat to inconspicuously V-shaped in cross section, longitudinally flat; margin of leaflets not revolute (except in C. ferruginea ). | (7) |
5 (4) | Trunk not tomentose at apex; bark pale gray, smooth toward base of trunk; mature leaflets glaucous (15) | Cycas hongheensis |
5 (4) + | Trunk densely tomentose at apex; bark black, scaly; mature leaflets not glaucous. | (6) |
6 (5) | Leaflets strongly recurved along margin; sterile blade of megasporophylls ovate to narrowly so, deeply laciniate; sclerotesta of seed not grooved on sides (6) | Cycas revoluta |
6 (5) + | Leaflets flat or slightly recurved along margin; sterile blade of megasporophyll suborbicular or rhombic-orbicular, pectinate; sclerotesta of seed with 2 or 3 irregular grooves on each side (7) | Cycas taitungensis |
7 (4) | Trunk subterranean, base not swollen; median leaflets (12-)18-25 mm wide, margin often undulate; median microsporophylls blunt. | (8) |
7 (4) + | Trunk not subterranean (or, if so, then base swollen); median leaflets 6-11(-14) mm wide, margin flat (revolute in C. ferruginea ); median microsporophylls spinose. | (9) |
8 (7) | Petioles green in 1st year; megasporophylls 5-15(-20), loosely grouped, sterile blade divided into 15-25 lobes (4) | Cycas balansae |
8 (7) + | Petioles blue in 1st year, later green; megasporophylls 25-50, densely grouped, divided into 33-45 lobes (5) | Cycas segmentifida |
9 (7) | Leaves (0.7-)1-3 m × 30-60 cm; terminal lobe of sterile blade of megasporophyll usually flattened. | (10) |
9 (7) + | Leaves 0.5-1(-1.3) m × (12-)20-30(-40) cm; terminal lobe of sterile blade of megasporophyll subulate, not flattened. | (12) |
10 (9) | Trunk inflated; bark white-gray, nearly smooth toward base of trunk; median leaflets often less than 10 mm wide; petiole densely spinose from base upward; seeds 3.5-4.5 cm (9) | Cycas hainanensis |
10 (9) + | Trunk cylindric; bark dark, scaly; median leaflets often more than 11 mm wide; petiole without spines or with sparse spines near base; seeds 2.5-3 cm. | (11) |
11 (10) | Leaflets longitudinally inserted at 55-75° to rachis; apex of cataphylls with hard point; sterile blade of megasporophyll rhombic-ovate; sclerotesta of seed finely verrucose (10) | Cycas taiwaniana |
11 (10) + | Leaflets longitudinally inserted at ca. 50° to rachis; apex of cataphylls with soft point; sterile blade of megasporophyll broadly ovate, obovate, or suborbicular; sclerotesta of seed smooth (11) | Cycas szechuanensis |
12 (9) | Trunk cylindric, 1-7 m; bark white-gray, gray, or brown, scaly or raised; pollen cones (25-)30-45 × 8-15 cm, microsporophylls 3.5-6 cm; megasporophylls 13-20 cm. | (13) |
12 (9) + | Trunk subterranean, base swollen; bark gray, smooth; pollen cones 20-30 × 6-8 cm, microsporophylls 1.5-3 cm; megasporophylls 8-14 cm. | (14) |
13 (12) | Trunk often dichotomously branched toward apex, to 16 m, apex not tomentose; bark gray or white-gray, smooth toward base of trunk; leaflets with midvein sulcate adaxially and margin revolute to slightly recurved; seeds 4.5-6 × 4-4.7 cm (16) | Cycas pectinata |
13 (12) + | Trunk simple, to 2(-3) m, apex densely tomentose; bark brown to dark gray, scaly; leaflets with midvein never sulcate adaxially and margin flat to slightly recurved; seeds 2.5-3.5 × 2.2-3 cm (8) | Cycas panzhihuaensis |
14 (12) | Leaflets longitudinally inserted at 55-65° to rachis; petiole with 9-16 spines along each side throughout length (SW Hainan) (14) | Cycas changjiangensis |
14 (12) + | Leaflets longitudinally inserted at ca. 90° to rachis; petiole with 0-8(or more) spines along each side often only in apical part (W Guangxi). | (15) |
15 (14) | Young leaves densely rusty brown tomentose abaxially; leaflets not overlapping, light green at maturity, 20-30 cm × 5-12 mm, base attenuate, margin strongly revolute (12) | Cycas ferruginea |
15 (14) + | Young leaves sparsely red-brown tomentose abaxially; leaflets often overlapping, dark green at maturity, 10-18 cm × 14-18 mm, base usually truncate, margin flat or only slightly revolute (13) | Cycas miquelii |
常绿,树干粗壮,圆柱形,常不分枝,通常密布明显的叶柄残痕;叶集生于树干顶部,呈棕榈状。叶螺旋状排列,有鳞叶及营养叶,二者相互成环着生;鳞叶小,密被褐色粗糙的毡毛;营养叶大,革质,羽状深裂呈羽状复叶状,稀再次二回深裂,裂片窄长,条形或条状披针形,全缘,中脉显著,叶轴基部裂片逐渐缩短变窄直至呈刺状,有短柄,脱落后通常叶柄基部残存。球花单性,雌雄异株;雄球花单生树干顶部,直立,长卵圆形或圆柱形,小孢子叶扁平,楔形,下面着生多数单室的花药,花药无柄,常3—5个聚生,花粉萌发时产生二个有纤毛、能游动的精子;大孢子叶叶状,扁平,密生茸毛,上部羽状分裂,裂片坚硬,先端锐尖,或几不分裂,下部柄状,生于树干顶部羽状叶与鳞状叶之间,胚珠2—10枚,生于大孢子叶柄的两侧,不形成球花。种子形大,核果状,外种皮肉质,中种皮木质,常具2棱,内种皮膜质;胚乳丰富;子叶2枚,发芽时不出土。本属约17种,分布于亚洲东部及东南部、大洋洲及马达加斯加等热带及亚热带地区。我国有10种,产台湾、福建、广东、广西、云南及四川等省区。云南有3种。本属各种都可作庭园及盆栽观赏树;髓部大,含淀粉,可供食用;嫩叶及种子的外种皮可食;大孢子叶及种子供药用。
苏铁属——Cycas Linn.
Linn. Sp. Pl. 1188. 1753, et Gen. Pl. ed. 5. 495. 1754.
树干圆柱形,直立,常密被宿存的木质叶基。叶有鳞叶与营养叶两种,二者成环的交互着生;鳞叶小,褐色,密被粗糙的毡毛; 营养叶大,羽状深裂,稀叉状二回羽状深一裂,革质,集生于树干上部,呈棕榈状;羽状裂片窄长,条形或条状披针形,中脉显著,基部下延,叶轴基部的小叶变成刺状,脱落时通常叶柄基部宿存;幼叶的叶轴及小叶呈拳卷状。雌雄异株,雄球花(小孢子叶球)长卵圆形或圆柱形,小孢子叶扁平,楔形,下面着生多数单室的花药,花药无柄,通常3-5个聚生,药室纵裂;大孢子叶中下部狭窄成柄状,两侧着生2-10枚胚株。种子的外种皮肉质,中种皮木质,常具2棱,稀3棱,内种皮膜质、在种子成熟时则破裂;子叶2枚,常于基部(近胚根的一端)联合,发芽时不出土。
本属模式种:拳叶苏铁 Cycas circinalis Linn.
本属约17种,分布于亚洲东部及东南部、大洋洲及马达加斯加等热带及亚热带地区。我国有8种,产台湾、福建、广东、广西、云南及四川等省区。
本属各种可作庭园树及盆栽观赏树;干髓有淀粉,可供食用;嫩叶及种子的外种皮可食;大孢子叶和种子供药用。
Sample Name: | Lufeng | Formation: | |
Age: | Epoch (to): | Miocene~ | |
Stage: | ~Turolian | Contributer: | |
Ecology: | Climate: | ||
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locality name: | Lufeng | Province/State: | Yunnan |
Continents: | Asia | county: | Lufeng |
country: | China | longitude-decimal degrees: | 102.066667 |
latitude-decimal degrees: | 25.016667 | elevation [m]: | |
Notes: | fauna |
Phanerozoic |
Proterozoic |
Archean |
Hadean (informal) |
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Cenozoic |
Mesozoic |
Paleozoic |
Neoproterozoic |
Mesoproterozoic |
Paleoproterozoic |
Neoarchean |
Mesoarchean |
Paleoarchean |
Eoarchean |
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Quaternary |
Neogene |
Paleogene |
Cretaceous |
Jurassic |
Triassic |
Permian |
Carboniferous |
Devonian |
Silurian |
Ordovician |
Cambrian |
Ediacaran |
Cryogenian |
Tonian |
Stenian |
Ectasian |
Calymmian |
Statherian |
Orosirian |
Rhyacian |
Siderian |
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Holocene |
Pleistocene |
Pliocene |
Miocene |
Oligocene |
Eocene |
Paleocene |
Upper |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Lopingian |
Guadalupian |
Cisuralian |
Pennsylvanian-Upper |
Pennsylvanian-Middle |
Pennsylvanian-Lower |
Mississippian-Upper |
Mississippian-Middle |
Mississippian-Lower |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Pridoli |
Ludlow |
Wenlock |
Llandovery |
Upper |
Middle |
Lower |
Furongian |
Series 3 |
Series 2 |
Terreneuvian |
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Upper |
"lonia" |
Calabrian |
Gelasian |
Piacenzian |
Zanclean |
Messinian |
Tortonian |
Serravallian |
Langhian |
Burdigalian |
Chattian |
Aquitanian |
Rupelian |
Priabonian |
Bartonian |
Lutetian |
Ypresian |
Thanetian |
Selandian |
Danian |
Maastrichtian |
Campanian |
Santonian |
Coniacian |
Turonian |
Cenomanian |
Albian |
Aptian |
Barremian |
Hauterivian |
Valanginian |
Berriasian |
Tithonian |
Kimmeridgian |
Oxfordian |
Callovian |
Bathonian |
Bajocian |
Aalenian |
Toarcian |
Pliensbachian |
Sinemurian |
Hettangian |
Rhaetian |
Norian |
Carnian |
Ladinian |
Anisian |
Olenekian |
Induan |
Changhsingian |
Wuchiapingian |
Capitanian |
Wordian |
Roadian |
Kungurian |
Artinskian |
Sakmarian |
Asselian |
Gzhelian |
Kasimovian |
Moscovian |
Bashkirian |
Serpukhovian |
Visean |
Tournaisian |
Famennian |
Frasnian |
Givetian |
Eifelian |
Emsian |
Pragian |
Lochkovian |
Ludfordian |
Gorstian |
Homerian |
Sheinwoodian |
Telychian |
Aeronian |
Rhuddanian |
Hirnantian |
Katian |
Sandbian |
Darriwilian |
Dapingian |
Floian |
Tremadocian |
Stage 10 |
Stage 9 |
Paibian |
Guzhangian |
Drumian |
Stage 5 |
Stage 4 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 2 |
Fortunian |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |
显生宇 |
元古宇 |
太古宇 |
冥古宇 (非正式) |
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新生界 |
中生界 |
古生界 |
新元古界 |
中元古界 |
古元古界 |
新太古界 |
中太古界 |
古太古界 |
始太古界 |
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第四系 |
新近系 |
古近系 |
白垩系 |
侏罗系 |
三叠系 |
三叠系 |
石炭系 |
泥盆系 |
志留系 |
奥陶系 |
寒武系 |
埃迪卡拉系 |
成冰系 |
拉伸系 |
狭带系 |
延展系 |
盖层系 |
固结系 |
造山系 |
层侵系 |
成铁系 |
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全新统 |
更新统 |
上新统 |
中新统 |
渐新统 |
始新统 |
古新统 |
上白垩统 |
下白垩统 |
上侏罗统 |
中侏罗统 |
下侏罗统 |
上三叠统 |
中三叠统 |
下三叠统 |
乐平统 |
瓜德鲁普统 |
乌拉尔统 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-上 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-中 |
宾夕法尼亚亚系-下 |
密西西比亚系-上 |
密西西比亚系-中 |
密西西比亚系-下 |
上泥盆统 |
中泥盆统 |
下泥盆统 |
普里道利统 |
罗德洛统 |
文洛克统 |
兰多维列统 |
上奥陶统 |
中奥陶统 |
下奥陶统 |
芙蓉统 |
第三统 |
第二统 |
纽芬兰统 |
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上更新统 |
“伊奥尼雅阶” |
卡拉布里雅阶 |
格拉斯阶 |
皮亚琴察阶 |
赞克尔阶 |
梅辛阶 |
托尔通阶 |
塞拉瓦尔阶 |
兰哥阶 |
布尔迪加尔阶 |
阿启坦阶 |
夏特阶 |
鲁培尔阶 |
普利亚本阶 |
巴尔通阶 |
鲁帝特阶 |
伊普里斯阶 |
坦尼特阶 |
赛兰特阶 |
丹尼阶 |
马斯特里赫特阶 |
坎潘阶 |
三冬阶 |
康尼亚克阶 |
土伦阶 |
赛诺曼阶 |
阿尔布阶 |
阿普特阶 |
巴雷姆阶 |
欧特里夫阶 |
凡兰吟阶 |
贝利阿斯阶 |
提塘阶 |
基末利阶 |
牛津阶 |
卡洛夫阶 |
巴通阶 |
巴柔阶 |
阿林阶 |
土阿辛阶 |
普林斯巴阶 |
辛涅缪尔阶 |
赫塘阶 |
瑞替阶 |
诺利阶 |
卡尼阶 |
拉丁阶 |
安尼阶 |
奥伦尼克阶 |
印度阶 |
长兴阶 |
吴家坪阶 |
卡匹敦阶 |
沃德阶 |
罗德阶 |
空谷阶 |
亚丁斯克阶 |
萨克马尔阶 |
阿瑟尔阶 |
格舍尔阶 |
卡西莫夫阶 |
莫斯科阶 |
巴什基尔阶 |
谢尔普霍夫阶 |
维宪阶 |
杜内阶 |
法门阶 |
弗拉阶 |
吉维特阶 |
艾菲尔阶 |
埃姆斯阶 |
布拉格阶 |
洛霍考夫阶 |
卢德福特阶 |
高斯特阶 |
侯墨阶 |
申伍德阶 |
特列奇阶 |
埃隆阶 |
鲁丹阶 |
赫南特阶 |
凯迪阶 |
桑比阶 |
达瑞威尔阶 |
大坪阶 |
弗洛阶 |
特马豆克阶 |
第十阶 |
第九阶 |
排碧阶 |
古丈阶 |
鼓山阶 |
第五阶 |
第四阶 |
第三阶 |
第二阶 |
幸运阶 |
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0 | 0.0117 | 0.126 | 0.781 | 1.806 | 2.588 | 3.6 | 5.332 | 7.246 | 11.608 | 13.82 | 15.97 | 20.43 | 23.03 | 28.4 ±0.1 | 33.9 ±0.1 | 37.2 ±0.1 | 40.4 ±0.2 | 48.6 ±0.2 | 55.8 ±0.2 | 58.7 ±0.2 | 61.1 | 65.5 ±0.3 | 70.6 ±0.6 | 83.5 ±0.7 | 85.8 ±0.7 | 88.6 | 93.6 ±0.8 | 99.6 ±0.9 | 112.0 ±1.0 | 125.0 ±1.0 | 130.0 ±1.5 | 133.9 | 140.2 ±3.0 | 145.5 ±4.0 | 150.8 ±4.0 | 155.6 | 161.2 ±4.0 | 164.7 ±4.0 | 167.7 ±3.5 | 171.6 ±3.0 | 175.6 ±2.0 | 183.0 ±1.5 | 189.6 ±1.5 | 196.5 ±1.0 | 199.6 ±0.6 | 203.6 ±1.5 | 216.5 ±2.0 | 228.7 | 237.0 ±2.0 | 245.9 | 249.5 | 251.0 ±0.4 | 253.8 ±0.7 | 260.4 ±0.7 | 265.8 ±0.7 | 268.0 ±0.7 | 270.6 ±0.7 | 275.6 ±0.7 | 284.4 ±0.7 | 294.6 ±0.8 | 299.0 ±0.8 | 303.4 ±0.9 | 307.2 ±1.0 | 311.7 ±1.1 | 318.1 ±1.3 | 328.3 ±1.6 | 345.3 ±2.1 | 359.2 ±2.5 | 374.5 ±2.6 | 385.3 ±2.6 | 391.8 ±2.7 | 397.5 ±2.7 | 407.0 ±2.8 | 411.2 ±2.8 | 416.0 ±2.8 | 418.7 ±2.7 | 421.3 ±2.6 | 422.9 ±2.5 | 426.2 ±2.4 | 428.2 ±2.3 | 436.0 ±1.9 | 439.0 ±1.8 | 443.7 ±1.5 | 445.6 ±1.5 | 455.8 ±1.6 | 460.9 ±1.6 | 468.1 ±1.6 | 471.8 ±1.6 | 478.6 ±1.7 | 488.3 ±1.7 | 492 | 496 | 499 | 503 | 506.5 | 510 | 515 | 521 | 528 | 542.0 ±1.0 | 635 | 850 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1800 | 2050 | 2300 | 2500 | 2800 | 3200 | 3600 | 4000 | 4600 |