学名(拉丁名) | Lepisorus |
中文名 | 瓦韦属 |
命名人 | (J. Sm.) Ching |
中文科名 | 水龙骨科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Polypodiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Lepisorus |
中文名 | 瓦韦属 |
中文科名 | 水龙骨科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Polypodiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Lepisorus |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Polypodiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Lepisorus |
中文名 | 瓦韦属 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Polypodiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Lepisorus |
中文名 | 瓦韦属 |
中文科名 | 水龙骨科 |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Polypodiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Lepisorus |
发表年份 | 1933(年) |
类型 | genus |
拉丁科名 | Polypodiaceae |
1 | 多为常绿植物。叶通常为革质。根状茎有较多的厚壁组织。侧脉在主脉两侧构成大小不一的网眼,有单一不分叉的内藏小脉。鳞片中部通常有深棕色不透明的狭带,网眼一般较狭窄(瓦韦组Sect. Lepisorus)。 (2) | 瓦韦组 Sect. Lepisorus |
1 | 多为夏绿植物。叶片通常为草质或纸质,根状茎无或仅有少数厚壁组织。侧脉在主脉两侧构成一行整齐的网眼,有内藏分叉小脉。鳞片全为粗筛孔状,网眼大而透明 (薄叶组Sect. Hymenophyton Ching) (48) | 薄叶组 Sect. Hymenophyton |
2 | 根状茎上的鳞片网眼不透明,隔丝呈星芒状。 (3) | |
2 | 根状茎上的鳞片网眼部分透明或完全透明,隔丝圆形或披针形,全缘或有锯齿。 (5) | |
3 | 叶片带状,长60-70厘米,中部最宽。 | 墨脱瓦韦 Lepisorus medogensis |
3 | 叶片披针形,长在30厘米以下,下部1/3处为最宽。 (4) | |
4 | 叶片宽2.5-5厘米。孢子囊群圆形。 | 黑鳞瓦韦 Lepisorus sordidus |
4 | 叶片宽仅约1厘米,孢子囊群椭圆形。 | 绿春瓦韦 Lepisorus luchunensis |
5 | 孢子囊群线形或成熟后汇合成线形。 (6) | |
5 | 孢子囊群圆形或椭圆形,成熟后不汇合成线形。 (9) | |
6 | 鳞片网眼大且透明,边缘有锯齿,叶片在下部1/3处为最宽。 (7) | |
6 | 鳞片只是边缘1-2行细胞透明,其余均不透明,边缘有锯齿或全缘,叶片在中部为最宽。 (8) | |
7 | 叶柄长仅2厘米,孢子囊群靠近叶边着生。 | 中华瓦韦 Lepisorus sinensis |
7 | 叶柄长达4厘米以上,孢子囊群靠近主脉着生。 | 汇生瓦韦 Lepisorus confluens |
8 | 孢子囊群连续而成线形,只在叶片下部略有断开,鳞片边缘有锯齿。 | 线囊群瓦韦 Lepisorus vittaroides |
8 | 孢子囊群椭圆形,成熟后汇合成线形,但断断续续,鳞片边缘平滑或仅具细齿牙。 | 连珠瓦韦 Lepisorus subconfluens |
9 | 根状茎上的鳞片只有边上1-2行细胞透明,其余均不透明。 (10) | |
9 | 根状茎上鳞片的网眼全部或大部分透明,只有中部具有不透明的狭带。 (19) | |
10 | 根状茎短而横卧,叶近簇生。 (11) | |
10 | 根状茎长而横走,叶远生。 (12) | |
11 | 植株高在15厘米左右,叶柄长1-1.5厘米,叶片宽1-1.5厘米,在下部1/3处突然狭缩并下延,孢子表面有穴状纹饰。 | 阔叶瓦韦 Lepisorus tosaensis |
11 | 植株远较小,高约5厘米,叶片宽5毫米,匙状,无柄,孢子表面为负网状纹饰。 | 百华山瓦韦 Lepisorus paohuashanensis |
12 | 叶片线形,宽在5毫米左右。 (13) | |
12 | 叶片披针形,宽在1厘米以上。 (16) | |
13 | 叶干后强烈反卷,孢子囊群成熟后突出叶边外而呈念珠状。 | 庐山瓦韦 Lepisorus lewissi |
13 | 叶干后边缘微卷,孢子囊群成熟时一般不突出叶边外,不呈念珠状。 (14) | |
14 | 隔丝具有正方形大网眼,透明。 | 线叶瓦韦 Lepisorus lineariformis |
14 | 隔丝具有不规则形的小网眼,不透明或略透明。 (15) | |
15 | 叶片通常不反折,边缘平直,叶柄基部有4条维管束,孢子表面有浅的穴孔状的纹饰。 | 狭叶瓦韦 Lepisorus angustus |
15 | 叶片反折而呈现凹凸不平的形状,叶柄基部有6条维管束,孢子表面有负网状纹饰。 | 异叶瓦韦 Lepisorus heterolepis |
16 | 叶片背面密被鳞片,根状茎上的鳞片边缘有锯齿。 (17) | |
16 | 叶片背面没有或仅有少数鳞片,根状茎上的鳞片全缘或仅有微细齿牙。 (18) | |
17 | 叶片在中部为最宽,软革质,孢子囊群圆形,体大,靠近主脉着生,彼此接近。 | 鳞瓦韦 Lepisorus oligolepidus |
17 | 叶片在下部1/3处为最宽,中部以上突然狭缩,先端长尾状渐尖,硬革质,孢子囊群小,生于主脉与叶边之间,彼此远离。 | 拟鳞瓦韦 Lepisorus suboligolepidus |
18 | 植株高达35厘米,叶柄基部有3条维管束,排列成三角形,孢子表面有深而疏的穴状纹饰。 | 西藏瓦韦 Lepisorus tibeticus |
18 | 植株远较矮小,高不超过18厘米,叶柄基部有4条维管束,排列成四角形,孢子表面有孔大而浅的负网状纹饰。 | 瓦韦 Lepisorus thunbergianus |
19 | 鳞片的网眼大部分透明,中部具有不透明的狭带。 (20) | |
19 | 鳞片的网眼全部透明。 (22) | |
20 | 叶片阔披针形,在下部1/2处为最宽,叶柄栗褐色。 | 粤瓦韦 Lepisorus obscure-venulosus |
20 | 叶片狭披针形,中部为最宽,叶柄禾秆色。 (21) | |
21 | 叶片硬革质,顶部长尾状,叶柄长度约为叶片的1/10。 | 聂拉木瓦韦 Lepisorus nylamensis |
21 | 叶片软革质,顶部短尖,叶柄长度约为叶片的1/4。 | 扭瓦韦 Lepisorus contortus |
22 | 根状茎上的鳞片卵圆形,网眼细密,等直径,老时大部分从根状茎上脱落。 (23) | |
22 | 根状茎上的鳞片披针形,网眼细密或粗筛孔状,老时不脱落而大部份缩存于根状茎上。 (25) | |
23 | 孢子囊群在叶边或靠近叶边着生,叶脉明显可见。 | 大瓦韦 Lepisorus macrosphaerus |
23 | 孢子囊群着生于主脉和叶边之间或略靠近主脉,侧脉不显。 (24) | |
24 | 叶片有软骨质的狭边,最宽处在中部,下面疏被贴生的鳞片。 | 有边瓦韦 Lepisorus marginatus |
24 | 叶片没有软骨质的狭边,最宽处在叶片下部1/3处,下面无贴生的鳞。 | 黄瓦韦 Lepisorus asterolepis |
25 | 叶片长线形,宽约3毫米,边缘强烈反卷或略反卷,由于成熟的孢子囊胀开使边缘呈念珠状。 | 高山瓦韦 Lepisorus eilophyllus |
25 | 叶片带状或披针形,宽在5毫米以上,边缘不反卷或略反卷,不呈念珠状。 (26) | |
26 | 叶片带状,孢子囊群紧靠叶边或略近叶边着生。 (27) | |
26 | 叶片披针形,孢子囊群着生于主脉和叶边之间。 (29) | |
27 | 孢子囊群只略靠近叶片着生,成熟时不凸出叶边之外。 | 云南瓦韦 Lepisorus xiphiopteris |
27 | 孢子囊群紧靠叶片着生,成熟时凸出叶片之外。 (28) | |
28 | 根状茎横卧,叶片中部宽0.8-1.8厘米。 | 带叶瓦韦 Lepisorus loriformis |
28 | 根状茎横走,叶片中部最宽仅为5毫米。 | 狭带瓦韦 Lepisorus stenistus |
29 | 叶片阔披针形,最宽处为2-5厘米。 | 滇瓦韦 Lepisorus sublinearis |
29 | 叶片狭披针形,中部最宽处在2厘米以下。 (30) | |
30 | 叶片仅宽约1厘米,主脉常饰有红晕色。 | 长瓦韦 Lepisorus pseudonudus |
30 | 叶片宽在1厘米以上,主脉不具红晕色。 (31) | |
31 | 根状茎上密被深棕色长软毛。 | 软毛瓦韦 Lepisorus tricholepis |
31 | 根状茎上无棕色长软毛。 | 披针叶瓦韦 Lepisorus lancifolius |
32 | 根状茎上鳞片的网眼长方形,细密,边缘全缘或略具细齿牙。 (33) | |
33 | 鳞片狭长披针形,或阔卵形。 (34) | |
33 | 鳞片卵状披针形。 (38) | |
34 | 叶片阔卵形,有较长的叶柄。 (35) | |
34 | 叶片长圆披针形,或狭披针形,具短柄。 (36) | |
35 | 叶片长渐尖头,最宽处在3.5厘米以上,根状茎上的鳞片紧密贴生,卵形。 | 瑶山瓦韦 Lepisorus kuchenensis |
35 | 叶片钝圆头,最宽处不超过2厘米,鳞片蓬松地着生于根状茎上,狭披针形。 | 宝岛瓦韦 Lepisorus magasorus |
36 | 叶片长圆披针形,基部略变狭,近于无柄。 | 绿色瓦韦 Lepisorus virencens |
36 | 叶片披针形,基部渐狭并长下延,柄长4.5-6厘米。 (37) | |
37 | 隔丝二色,即中部深棕色,边缘近无色。 | 棕鳞瓦韦 Lepisorus scolopendrium |
37 | 隔丝一色,即中部和边缘均近无色。 | 淡丝瓦韦 Lepisorus paleparaphysus |
38 | 根状茎上的鳞片明显二色,叶草质。 (39) | |
38 | 根状茎上的鳞片一色,叶革质。 (41) | |
39 | 根状茎上的鳞片中部褐色,边缘淡棕色,紧贴地着生于根状茎上,叶片阔披针形。 | 二色瓦韦 Lepisorus bicolor |
39 | 根状茎上的鳞片中部褐色,边缘近白色,仅以基部一点着生于根状茎上,叶片狭披针形。 (40) | |
40 | 孢子囊群靠近主脉着生。 | 白边瓦韦 Lepisorus morrisonensis |
40 | 孢子囊群靠近叶边着生。 | 短柄瓦韦 Lepisorus subsessilis |
41 | 叶片带状,根状茎上的鳞片老时大部分脱落,孢子囊群靠近叶边着生。 (42) | |
41 | 叶片披针形,根状茎上的鳞片宿存,孢子囊群着生于主脉和叶边之间。 (44) | |
42 | 根状茎近于直立,鳞片边缘有短齿。 | 丛生瓦韦 Lepisorus cespitosus |
42 | 根状茎横走,鳞片淡棕色,全缘。 (43) | |
43 | 叶柄基部有5条维管束,排成半圆形。 | 长叶瓦韦 Lepisorus longus |
43 | 叶柄基部有3条维管束,排成三角形。 | 海南瓦韦 Lepisorus affinis |
44 | 根状茎上鳞片细胞壁全部均匀加厚,网眼小。 (45) | |
44 | 根状茎上鳞片的细胞壁不加厚,或只是中部的加厚,网眼大。 (46) | |
45 | 隔丝为星芒状,褐色,不透明。 | 乌苏里瓦韦 Lepisorus ussuriensis |
45 | 隔丝近圆形,中部有大而透明的网眼。 | 拟乌苏里瓦韦 Lepisorus pseudoussuriensis |
46 | 根状茎鳞片只中部的细胞壁加厚而呈棕色,边缘淡黄色。 | 吉隆瓦韦 Lepisorus gyriongensis |
46 | 根状茎上鳞片中部的细胞壁不明显加厚,淡棕色或有彩虹光泽的栗黑色。 (47) | |
47 | 叶片最宽处在中部。 | 片马瓦韦 Lepisorus elegans |
47 | 叶片中部以下至1/3处为最宽。 | 彩虹瓦韦 Lepisorus iridescens |
48 | 常绿植物,叶厚纸质。 (49) | |
48 | 夏绿植物,叶薄草质或草质。 (58) | |
49 | 叶具有特别长的柄,约等于叶片长度的1/2或2/3以上 (50) | |
49 | 叶不具特别长的柄,通常只等于叶片长度的1/3以下。 (51) | |
50 | 叶片上部1/3处突然狭缩,尖削向上,基部对称。 | 长柄瓦韦 Lepisorus petiolatus |
50 | 叶片基部明显扩展,向顶部渐狭,基部不对称。 | 川西瓦韦 Lepisorus soulieanus |
51 | 叶片舌状或椭圆形,钝圆头,或基部凸起。 (52) | |
51 | 叶片披针形,渐尖头。 (54) | |
52 | 叶片舌状,环带狭窄。 | 舌叶瓦韦 Lepisorus ligulatus |
52 | 叶片近椭圆形,或基部不对称凸起,环带宽。 (53) | |
53 | 叶片近椭圆形,基部对称,全缘。 | 多变瓦韦 Lepisorus variabilis |
53 | 叶片基部多少凸起,边缘为圆齿状。 | 圆齿瓦韦 Lepisorus sinuatus |
54 | 叶片干后下面通常呈灰白色,厚纸质,孢子囊群排列紧密,成熟后扩张,彼此几相接。 | 神农架瓦韦 Lepisorus patungensis |
54 | 叶片干后下面不为灰白色,纸质,孢子囊群排列较稀疏,间隔等于或大于2个孢子囊群。 (55) | |
55 | 叶片近带状,长宽之比1/3-1/5,具长柄,约等于叶片长度的1/4-1/2。 | 甘肃瓦韦 Lepisorus kasuensis |
55 | 叶片披针形,长宽之比约1/10,叶柄较短,仅为叶片长度的1/5-1/6. (56) | |
56 | 叶片干后下面近灰褐色,上面深褐色,主脉明显隆起,小脉明显可见。 | 显脉瓦韦 Lepisorus venosus |
56 | 叶片干后淡灰绿色或淡黄色,主脉不明显隆起,小脉通常不显。 (57) | |
57 | 叶片较宽,达1.2厘米以上,长在15厘米以下,干后上面淡黄色或棕色。 | 金顶瓦韦 Lepisorus coaetaneus |
57 | 叶片较狭窄,宽在1厘米以下,干厚上面灰绿色。 | 粗柄瓦韦 Lepisorus crassipes |
58 | 根状茎上的鳞片钝尖头,边缘具短齿牙。 | 网眼瓦韦 Lepisorus clathratus |
58 | 根状茎上的鳞片长渐尖头,边缘具长锯齿。 (59) | |
59 | 叶片披针形,在下部1/3处为最宽,孢子囊群仅着生于叶片1/3以上处。 (60) | |
59 | 叶片披针形或舌状,中部最宽,孢子囊群均匀分布叶片下面。 (61) | |
60 | 叶片长4.5-8.5厘米,最宽处在1.3厘米以下,具长柄,约等于叶片长度的1/2。 | 河南瓦韦 Lepisorus honanensis |
60 | 叶片长在13厘米以上,最宽处超过1.3厘米,具短柄,仅等于叶片长度的1/8-1/7。 | 陕西瓦韦 Lepisorus shensiensis |
61 | 根状茎上着生大量的鳞片,质地坚韧,不易折断,宿存,叶片狭披针形,长尾状渐尖头。 | 假网眼瓦韦 Lepisorus pseudo-clathratus |
61 | 根状茎上的鳞片稀少,容易破碎脱落,叶片不为狭披针形,钝圆头或短渐尖头。 (62) | |
62 | 叶片长和宽通常分别在14厘米及1.4厘米以上。 (63) | |
62 | 叶片一般长和宽分别为13厘米及1.2厘米以下。 (64) | |
63 | 叶片长20-25厘米,中部最宽为1.7-2.5厘米,具有6-10厘米的长柄,小脉不显。 | 太白瓦韦 Lepisorus thaipaiensis |
63 | 叶片长14.5-19厘米,最宽处为1.4-1.8厘米,叶柄长2-4厘米,小脉明显可见。 | 丽江瓦韦 Lepisorus likiangensis |
64 | 叶片似长舌状,钝圆头,柄长约等于叶片长度的1/4-1/3。 | 小五台瓦韦 Lepisorus hsiawutaiensis |
64 | 叶片披针形,或狭披针形,渐尖头或钝圆头,叶柄长仅为叶片长度的1/18-1/5。 (65) | |
65 | 叶片草质,干后褐绿色,产台湾。 | 台湾瓦韦 Lepisorus papakensis |
65 | 叶片纸质,干后呈淡绿色或黄褐色,产大陆各地。 (66) | |
66 | 叶片最宽处为1.1-1.3厘米,干后淡黄色。 | 茂汶瓦韦 Lepisorus maowenensis |
66 | 叶片最宽处通常在1厘米以下,干后淡绿色。 (67) | |
67 | 孢子囊群靠近中脉着生,叶柄长度等于叶片的1/3。 | 天山瓦韦 Lepisorus albertii |
67 | 孢子囊群位于主脉和叶边之间,叶柄较短,仅等于叶片长度的1/7以下。 | 山西瓦韦 Lepisorus shansiensis |
1 | Lamina clearly differentiated into a much wider basal vegetative portion and a much narrower apical fertile portion almost completely covered by a pair of linear sori | (2) |
1 + | Lamina mostly with little or no differentiation between vegetative and fertile portions, sometimes sori restricted to apical portion but this only slightly narrower and sori not covering surface | (4) |
2 (1) | Lamina narrowly lanceolate, upper parts gradually attenuate into narrow fertile part, herbaceous when dry. (1) | L. mucronatus |
2 (1) + | Lamina ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, upper parts abruptly contracted into narrow fertile part, papery or leathery when dry | (3) |
3 (2) | Stipe very short to almost absent; lamina leathery with undulate margins when dried, fertile tip 2-3 mm wide; sori covering entire abaxial surface of fertile tip when mature. (2) | L. henryi |
3 (2) + | Stipe 2-5 cm; lamina papery with straight margins when dried, fertile tip 5-10 mm wide; sori separated from midrib by a narrow sterile zone. (3) | L. annamensis |
4 (1) | Sori linear or merged into linear coenosori when mature | (5) |
4 (1) + | Sori orbicular or elliptic, separate | (8) |
5 (4) | Sori a pair of continuous linear coenosori each within a longitudinal groove alongside midrib; lamina linear. (5) | L. miyoshianus |
5 (4) + | Sori superficial, not inserted within any grooves, often discontinuous toward base of lamina; lamina lanceolate | (6) |
6 (5) | Rhizome scales 1-1.3 ?0.3-0.45 mm; sori linear, tip of fertile lamina abruptly narrowed. (4) | L. sinensis |
6 (5) + | Rhizome scales 2-4 ?0.7-1 mm; sori initially separate, confluent into interrupted coenosori when mature, tip of fertile lamina more gradually narrowed | (7) |
7 (6) | Lamina 0.4-0.8 cm wide; paraphyses with margins colorless, entire or erose. (22) | L. subconfluens |
7 (6) + | Lamina 1-2.5 cm wide; paraphyses with margins brown and spiny. (24) | L. confluens |
8 (4) | Rhizome long creeping, wirelike, to 1 mm in diam.; lamina 0.3-1.5 cm in width | (9) |
8 (4) + | Rhizome shortly to long creeping, not wirelike, (1-)1.5-4 mm in diam.; lamina lanceolate to linear lanceolate, margin entire, auriculate or laminae hastate, width various | (10) |
9 (8) | Paraphyses to 0.2 mm in diam., very thick, with almost opaque lumina. (6) | L. ussuriensis |
9 (8) + | Paraphyses 0.3-0.5 mm in diam., very thin, with transparent square lumina. (7) | L. pseudoussuriensis |
10 (8) | Rhizome scales opaque in center, never spreading | (11) |
10 (8) + | Rhizome scales translucent or transparent in center, spreading or adpressed | (28) |
11 (10) | Rhizome shortly creeping, leaves caespitose. (8) | L. tosaensis |
11 (10) + | Rhizome long creeping, leaves remote | (12) |
12 (11) | Lamina linear-lanceolate, 2-5 mm wide, margin strongly revolute, protruding where covering sori so frond like a string of beads (moniliform) | (13) |
12 (11) + | Lamina linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, more than 5 mm in width, rarely less than 5 mm, margin not or only slightly revolute and lamina never moniliform | (14) |
13 (12) | Lamina to 15 cm; paraphyses with lumina dense and opaque. (9) | L. lewisii |
13 (12) + | Lamina more than 20 cm; paraphyses with lumina square and transparent (10) | L. monilisorus |
14 (12) | Paraphyses stellate, lumina dense; rhizome scales without paler margins | (15) |
14 (12) + | Paraphyses orbicular, lumina dense or square; rhizome scales with paler margins | (17) |
15 (14) | Laminae loriform, 40-70 cm, widest at middle. (23) | L. medogensis |
15 (14) + | Laminae lanceolate, less than 30 cm, widest 1/3-1/2 of length from base | (16) |
16 (15) | Sori confluent, lamina apex constricted; rhizome scales ?transparent. (24) | L. confluens |
16 (15) + | Sori separate, lamina apex not constricted; rhizome scales opaque. (25) | L. sordidus |
17 (14) | Stipe base dark; scales thick; lamina sometimes moniliform due to protruding sori | (18) |
17 (14) + | Stipe base straw-colored or chestnut-brown; scales brown to dark brown, thin; lamina not moniliform | (19) |
18 (17) | Lamina linear-lanceolate, apex not constricted. (11) | L. heterolepis |
18 (17) + | Lamina lanceolate, apex constricted, sori restricted to constricted part (12) | L. luchunensis |
19 (17) | Rhizome scales glossy; lumina of paraphyses square. (13) | L. lineariformis |
19 (17) + | Rhizome scales dull and not iridescent; lumina of paraphyses small and polygonal | (20) |
20 (19) | Stipes mostly chestnut-brown; paraphyses 0.15-0.30 mm in diam.. (14) | L. obscurevenulosus |
20 (19) + | Stipes straw-colored; paraphyses more than 0.3 mm in diam | (21) |
21 (20) | Lamina broadly lanceolate, abaxial surface distinctly scaly; rhizome thick, scales dark brown | (22) |
21 (20) + | Lamina lanceolate, leaf indument often absent; rhizome much slender, scales brown | (23) |
22 (21) | Lamina widest at middle, abaxial surface densely scaly; sori costular, close to each other. (15) | L. oligolepidus |
22 (21) + | Lamina widest at lower 1/3, abaxial surface more sparsely scaly; sori medial and remote. (16) | L. suboligolepidus |
23 (21) | Rhizome scales ovate-lanceolate, with only a narrow opaque band in center, otherwise transparent | (24) |
23 (21) + | Rhizome scales lanceolate, with a broad opaque band in center part and narrow transparent margins | (25) |
24 (23) | Scales yellow-brown, ?spreading, only with a narrow opaque band at center (17) | L. elegans |
24 (23) + | Scales brown, imbricate, with ?opaque band. (18) | L. contortus |
25 (23) | Rhizome scales chestnut to black in center, margins serrate; distal sori often confluent. (22) | L. subconfluens |
25 (23) + | Rhizome scales brown in center, margins entire or denticulate; sori not confluent | (26) |
26 (25) | Rhizome scale apex not filiform; lamina widest below middle. (19) | L. thunbergianus |
26 (25) + | Rhizome scale apex long and filiform; lamina widest at middle | (27) |
27 (26) | Lamina linear, 0.3-0.5 cm wide. (20) | L. angustus |
27 (26) + | Lamina lanceolate, 0.5-1.8 cm wide. (21) | L. tibeticus |
28 (10) | Rhizome scales with lumina dense and translucent, margin entire, rarely denticulate; paraphyses orbicular | (29) |
28 (10) + | Rhizome scales lanceolate, transparent, clathrate, margin denticulate; paraphyses stellate or lanceolate | (40) |
29 (28) | Rhizome scales lanceolate, persistent, with distinctly paler margins; plants summer green | (30) |
29 (28) + | Rhizome scales ovate or lanceolate, caducous, or if scales persistent then lamina to 4 cm wide, scales not distinctly bicolored; plants evergreen | (32) |
30 (29) | Rhizome scales with orbicular base and acute apex, closely appressed to rhizome, 1-2 mm, not overlapping, rhizome surface exposed, white farinose. (35) | L. bicolor |
30 (29) + | Rhizome scales gradually acuminate, overlapping, 2.5-4 mm, rhizome surface hidden | (31) |
31 (30) | Rhizome scales lanceolate, distinctly bicolored, dark brown center contrasting with white margins. (36) | L. morrisonensis |
31 (30) + | Rhizome scales broadly lanceolate, margin only slightly paler than center. (37) | L. scolopendrium |
32 (29) | Rhizome scales ovate to acuminately ovate, margin entire, lumina isodiametric | (33) |
32 (29) + | Rhizome scales lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, margin entire or denticulate, lumina rectangular, rarely isodiametric | (36) |
33 (32) | Sori submarginal; scales ovate, thin, 2-3 mm. (26) | L. macrosphaerus |
33 (32) + | Sori subcostular or medial; scales ovate to acuminately ovate, thick, less than 2 mm | (34) |
34 (33) | Sori small, close, medial or subcostular, generally extending to below middle of lamina; lamina margins undulate when dry. (27) | L. marginatus |
34 (33) + | Sori large, distant, medial, generally not extending below middle of lamina; lamina margins not undulate when dry | (35) |
35 (34) | Lamina 1.5-4 cm wide; rhizome scales 1.2-2 ?1-1.3 mm; paraphyses brown. (28) | L. asterolepis |
35 (34) + | Lamina 1-2 cm wide; rhizome scales ca. 1 ?1 mm; paraphyses pale brown. (29) | L. kawakamii |
36 (32) | Rhizome scales ovate-lanceolate, margin denticulate; leaves widest at base. (30) | L. megasorus |
36 (32) + | Rhizome scales lanceolate, margin entire; leaves widest at or below middle | (37) |
37 (36) | Lamina more than 4 cm wide; rhizome scales pale brown. (31) | L. kuchenensis |
37 (36) + | Lamina 1-3 cm wide; rhizome scales brown to dark brown | (38) |
38 (37) | Rhizome scale margin yellow-brown, center dark brown, central lumina small and square. (32) | L. subsessilis |
38 (37) + | Rhizome scale margin pale brown, center brown, central lumina large and rectangular | (39) |
39 (38) | Sori nearer costa; leaves less than 30 cm; rhizome 1.5-2 mm in diam.. (33) | L. nudus |
39 (38) + | Sori nearer margin; leaves up to 65 cm; rhizome 2-4 mm in diam.. (34) | L. affinis |
40 (28) | Paraphyses stellate, small in diam., lumina small, often opaque; lamina leathery, evergreen, venation hidden, young leaves always red or with red costa | (41) |
40 (28) + | Paraphyses lanceolate, rhomboidal or deeply stellate, margin spiny, lumina uniformly large and transparent; lamina membranous, summer green, venation distinct, lamina never red or partly red | (45) |
41 (40) | Lamina linear, less than 5 mm wide, margin strongly revolute, protruding around mature sori so frond moniliform; paraphyses opaque. (38) | L. eilophyllus |
41 (40) + | Lamina linear, or lanceolate, (2-)10-20 mm wide, margin straight, not revolute; paraphyses transparent or opaque | (42) |
42 (41) | Lamina loriform; sori marginal. (39) | L. loriformis |
42 (41) + | Lamina lanceolate; sori medial | (43) |
43 (42) | Lamina broadly lanceolate, 2-5 cm wide. (40) | L. sublinearis |
43 (42) + | Lamina lanceolate, less than 2 cm wide | (44) |
44 (43) | Rhizome erect; leaves clustered. (41) | L. cespitosus |
44 (43) + | Rhizome creeping; leaves remote. (42) | L. pseudonudus |
45 (40) | Sporangia with broad, unthickened platygyroid annulus, ?indehiscent | (46) |
45 (40) + | Sporangia with normal, narrow, thickened annulus cells | (47) |
46 (45) | Lamina lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, never enlarged at base. (48) | L. clathratus |
46 (45) + | Lamina hastate, pedatifid, or auriculate at base, sometimes only some fronds enlarged at base. (49) | L. waltonii |
47 (45) | Rhizome scales lanceolate, 3.5-7 ?0.7-1.2 mm at base, 2.5-6 ?as long as wide; areoles oblong or irregularly elongated, longer than wide | (48) |
47 (45) + | Rhizome scales broadly lanceolate, 1.8-2.5 ?0.8-1.5 mm, less than 2.5 ?as long as wide; areoles polygonal, ?as long as wide | (50) |
48 (47) | Rhizome with both hairs and scales, ca. 4 mm in diam.; lamina thick, 1.9-2 cm wide (43) | L. tricholepis |
48 (47) + | Rhizome with few or no hairs, 1.5-3 mm in diam.; lamina 0.8-1.5 cm wide | (49) |
49 (48) | Lamina membranous or thinly herbaceous, narrowly lanceolate; rhizome scales black, iridescent, 3.5-7 ?0.7-1 mm. (48) | L. clathratus |
49 (48) + | Lamina thickly papery, lanceolate; rhizome scales brown, brittle, 3-3.5 ?0.9-1.2 mm. (44) | L. crassipes |
50 (47) | Lamina 5-14 ?0.4-1.2 cm; rhizome scales < 2 ?1 mm, paraphysis margins with long thick curved spines. (45) | L. albertii |
50 (47) + | Lamina > 14 ?1-2 cm; rhizome scales 2-2.5 ?1.1-1.5 mm, paraphysis margins not like above | (51) |
51 (50) | Lamina papery or membranous, both surfaces brown, pale brown or pale green when dried, stipe 2-10 cm; paraphyses 0.4-0.5 mm, 2-3 ?as long as wide (46) | L. thaipaiensis |
51 (50) + | Lamina thickly papery to thinly leathery, abaxially gray-green, adaxially yellow- or dark green, or both surfaces light green when dried, stipe 0.4-5 cm; paraphyses 0.8-1 mm, ?as long as wide. (47) | L. likiangensis |
附生。根状茎横走,粗短,密被鳞片。鳞片卵圆形、卵状披针形或线状钻形,黑褐色,全缘或有睫毛状小齿。单叶,疏生或近生,一型,叶片披针形或线状披针形,向两端渐狭,基部下延于较短的叶柄,全缘或呈波状,干后通常略向下反卷。主脉明显,侧脉不见,小脉连接成多数网眼,具有顶端稍呈棒状的分叉内藏小脉。叶多为革质,少为草质,两面均无毛,或下面有时疏被早落的小鳞片。孢子囊群圆形或椭圆形,分离,很少近汇生,在主脉与叶缘之间排成1行,幼时为隔丝覆盖,隔丝圆盾形,深褐色,有长柄,幼时覆盖孢子囊群,以后脱落;孢子囊梨形,有长柄,环带纵行,由14个增厚细胞组成。孢子椭圆形,不具周壁,外壁轮廓线为不整齐的波纹状,正面观一般为界线模糊的云块状纹饰,较密时则融合呈拟网状或穴状,少数则散开而呈块状。染色体 2n=39,46,50,52,70,72,74,94, 95,100,140,148,150。约70种,主要分布于亚洲东部,少数到非洲。我国约有60种,广布全国各地。云南有28种。
8.瓦韦属Lepisorus (J. Sm.) Ching
Ching in Bull. Fam. Inst. Biol. 4: 47. 1933 et in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(3): 17. 1978; 傅书遐, 中国蕨类植物志属153. f. 84. 1954; S. H. Wu et Ching, Fern Fam. et Gen. China 510. f. 5: 194. 1991; S. L. Yu et al. in Bull. Bot. Res. 16 (1): 1-31. 1996. ——Pleopeltis Sect. Lesorus J. Sm. in Bot. Mag. 12. Comp. 13. 1846; Hist. Fil. 113. 1875. ——Pleopeltis Hook. Exot. Fl. 1: Pl. 63. 1823; Sp. Fil. 557. 1864, non Humb. et Bonpl. 1810, nec Alderw. 1909.
附生蕨类。根状茎粗壮,横走,密被鳞片;鳞片卵圆形,卵状披针形或钻状披针形,黑褐色,不透明或粗筛孔状透明,全缘或具长短不一的锯齿。单叶,远生或近生,一型;叶柄通常较短,基部略被鳞片,向上光滑,多为禾秆色,少为深棕色;叶片多为披针形,少为狭披针形或近带状,边缘全缘或呈波状,干后通常反卷。主脉明显,侧脉经常不见,小脉连接成网,网眼内有顶端呈棒状不分叉或分叉的内藏小脉。叶片干后多为革质或纸质,少为草质,两面均无毛,或下面有时疏被棕色小鳞片。孢子囊群大,圆形或椭圆形,通常彼此远离,少为密接,汇生或线形,多生于叶片下表面,少有陷入叶肉内的,在主脉和叶缘之间排成一行,幼时被隔丝覆盖;隔丝多为圆盾形,全缘或有细齿,少为星芒状或鳞片形,网眼大,透明,中部常呈棕色,边缘色淡。孢子囊近梨形,有长柄,纵行环带,有14个增厚的细胞组成;少数孢子囊近圆形,无明显增厚的细胞组成的环带。孢子椭圆形,不具周壁,外壁轮郭线为不整齐的波纹状,正面观一般为界线模糊的云块状纹饰,较密时则融合呈拟网状或穴状,少数则散开而呈块状。染色体2n=39, 46, 50, 52, 70, 74, 94, 95, 100, 148, 150.
从已知的染色体数目和有关的形态构造,可见本群蕨类的成员组成相当复杂,有待于深入研究,才能真正认识它们。按目前所掌握的材料初部划分,本属约有70余种,主要分布亚洲东部,少数到非洲。中国现知68种,广布全国各地,是本属的分布中心。
模式种:Lepisorus thunbergianus (Kaulf.) Ching (Pleopeltis thunbergiana Kaulf. =Polypodium lineare Thunb. 1784,auct. non Burm. 1768,auct. non Houtt.1783) , 原产日本。