学名(拉丁名) | Microlepia speluncae |
中文名 | 热带鳞盖蕨 |
命名人 | (Linn.) Moore |
中文科名 | 姬蕨科 |
拉丁属名 | Microlepia |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Dennstaedtiaceae |
中文属名 | 鳞盖蕨属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Microlepia speluncae |
中文名 | 热带鳞盖蕨 |
中文科名 | 碗蕨科 |
拉丁属名 | Microlepia |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Dennstaedtiaceae |
中文属名 | 鳞盖蕨属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Microlepia speluncae |
中文名 | 热带鳞盖蕨 |
中文科名 | 碗蕨科 |
类型 | |
拉丁科名 | DENNSTAEDTIACEAE |
学名(拉丁名) | Microlepia speluncae |
中文名 | 热带鳞盖蕨 |
中文科名 | 碗蕨科 |
类型 | |
拉丁科名 | Dennstaedtiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Microlepia speluncae |
命名人 | (L.) Moore (accepted name) |
拉丁属名 | Microlepia |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Dennstaedtiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Microlepia speluncae |
命名人 | (L.) T. Moore |
发表年份 | 1857(年) |
拉丁属名 | Microlepia |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Dennstaedtiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Microlepia speluncae |
中文名 | 热带鳞盖蕨 |
拉丁属名 | Microlepia |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Dennstaedtiaceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Microlepia speluncae |
中文名 | 热带鳞盖蕨 |
中文科名 | 碗蕨科 |
拉丁属名 | Microlepia |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Dennstaedtiaceae |
中文属名 | 鳞盖蕨属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Microlepia speluncae |
发表年份 | 1857(年) |
拉丁属名 | Microlepia |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Dennstaedtiaceae |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
---|---|---|---|
Aspidium speluncae | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Willd. |
Davallia flaccida | Synonym | The Plant List | R. Br. |
Davallia speluncae | Synonym | The Plant List | (L.) Baker |
Polypodium speluncae | Synonym | The Plant List | L. |
Scyphofilix speluncae | Synonym | The Plant List | Farw. |
Microlepia speluncae var. pubescens | Accepted | The Plant List | (Hook.) Sledge |
Microlepia speluncae var. pyramidata | Accepted | The Plant List | (Lacaita) Tardieu & C. Chr. |
常绿植物。根状茎横走或近横卧,直径达1厘米,顶端被灰棕色节状短毛;叶稍近生。叶柄禾秆色,长(30—)55—90(—110)厘米,有棱沟,疏被毛或近光滑。叶片卵状长圆形,长70—100(—140)厘米,宽达65厘米,顶端渐尖,三回羽状;叶草质,干后黄绿色。羽片12—16对,基部一对较短,近对生,以上互生,长25—35(—60)厘米,长圆状披针形。二回羽片阔披针形,长3.5—6(—10)厘米,22—26对。小羽片长圆形,上侧近截形,下侧楔形,基部上侧的一个最大,半裂至羽裂,先端圆而有尖齿。小裂片圆钝头或有2—3个矮齿。叶轴、羽轴及叶脉背面密生灰白色短毛,腹面疏生相同的毛。叶脉羽状分叉,腹面稍隆起。孢子囊群生于裂片基部上侧边缘近缺刻处,每裂片2—6个。囊群盖小,半杯形,浅棕色,有柔毛。孢子具裂缝,周壁具较明显的网状纹饰,有时呈龟裂。
产于新平、河口、金平、元阳、勐腊、景洪、耿马、永德、盈江、绿春;生于常绿阔叶林下阴湿处,海拔100—1100米。广西、海南、台湾也有。也分布于越南、柬埔寨、斯里兰卡、印度、菲律宾、马来西亚、波利尼西亚、澳洲(昆士兰)、西印度群岛、巴西南部、日本琉球及热带非洲等泛热带地区。
Polypodium speluncae Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1093. 1753; Aspidium speluncae (Linnaeus) Willdenow; Davallia flaccida R. Brown; D. polypodioides (Swartz) D. Don; D. polypodioides var. pilosa Hooker; D. polypodioides var. pubescens Hooker; D. speluncae (Linnaeus) Baker; D. villosa D. Don; Dennstaedtia villosa (D. Don) Copeland; Dicksonia polypodioides Swartz; Microlepia flaccida (R. Brown) J. Smith; M. ganlanbaensis Ching; M. hispidula Alderwerelt; M. intermedia Ching; M. mollifolia Tagawa; M. pilosissima Ching; M. pingpienensis Ching; M. polypodioides (Swartz) C. Presl; M. puberula Lacaita (1916), not Alderwerelt (1913); M. puberula f. pilosior Lacaita; M. pyramidata Lacaita; M. speluncae var. hirta Beddome; M. speluncae var. pubescens (Hooker) Sledge; M. speluncae var. pyramidata (Lacaita) Tardieu & C. Christensen; M. subrhomboidea Ching; M. subspeluncae Ching; M. villosa (D. Don) Ching (1959), not C. Presl (1851).
Plants terrestrial, 1.2-1.5(-2) m tall. Rhizome creeping, more than 7 mm in diam., glabrescent. Fronds scattered; stipe straw-colored, ca. 50[-70] cm, stiff, usually with dense, short, gray-brown, segmented hairs; rachis and rachillae also straw-colored, with scattered soft hairs. Lamina yellow-green when dried, 3- or 4-pinnate, ovate-oblong in outline, 60-100 × 30-40[-50] cm, thinly papery, both surfaces with often dense, adpressed, slender hairs, base wider, gradually shorter distally, apex acuminate; pinnae 10-15[-20+] pairs, alternate, 10-15 cm apart, spreading obliquely upward, with stalk 1-1.5 cm, bipinnate, broadly lanceolate in outline, lowermost pinnae slightly smaller, largest pinnae 28-30 cm, 10-15 cm wide at base, apex long acuminate; pinnules 15-20 pairs, upswept, parallel with rachis, broadly lanceolate, 2.5-4 × 0.8-1 cm, pinnatisect almost to rachillae, base unequal in width, decurrent, cuneate basiscopically, subtruncate acroscopically, apex acuminate; distal lobes 6-8 pairs, suprabasal ones longer, parallel with rachillae, others oblong, 7-8 × ca. 4 mm, truncate acroscopically, straight-cuneate basiscopically, margin obtusely pinnatifid, apex rounded; lobules entire or apex with 2 or 3 dwarf obtuse teeth. Veins slightly prominent abaxially, pinnately branching. Sori near notch at margin of lobules; indusium brownish, shallowly saucer- or fan-shaped, small, firm, densely hairy.
Roadsides, shrublands; below 100-1100 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Australia (Queensland), Pacific islands (Polynesia), South America (Brazil), West Indies].
“Microlepia pilosula” (C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 125. 1836, nom. nud.), based on “Davallia pilosula” (Wallich, Numer. List, no. 263. 1839, nom. nud.), probably belongs here. It has also been placed within M. trapeziformis.
56.热带鳞盖蕨
Micrelepia speluncae (Linn.) Moore, Ind. Fil. (1857) 92: Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. (1883) 67; C. Chr. Ind . Fil. (1905) 428; Cop. Polyp. Philip. (1905) 56; Tard.-Blot et C. Chr. in Fl. Indo-Chine VII, ii (1939) 99; Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. et Geobot. X (1941) 197; H. Ito, Fil. Jap. Illustx. (1944) t. 6; DeVol, Ferns East Centr. China in Notes Bot. Chin. Mus. Heude No. 7 (1945) 87: Holt. Fl. Mal. II, Ferne Mal. (1954) 314; Sledge in Kew Bull. No. 3 (1956) 524——Polypodium speluncae Linn. Sp. Pl. II (1753) 1903——Aspidium speluncae Willd. Sp. Pl. V (1810) 269——Davallia speluncae Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. (1867) 100——Dicksonia polypodioides Hook. Sp. I (1846) 181, pro parte——Microlepia polypodioides Presl, Tent. Pterid. (1825) 125——Davallia flaccida R. Br. Prod. Fl. N. Holl. (1810) 157——Microlepia flaccida J. Sm. in London Journ. Bot. I (1842) 427——Microlepia mollifolia Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. et Geobot. v (1936) 189.
植株高可达2米,根状茎横走。叶疏生,柄长约50厘米,坚实,禾稈色,上面有稜沟,疏被灰棕色节状短毛。叶片长60-90厘米,宽30-40厘米,卵状长圆形,先端渐尖,三回羽状;羽片10-15对,下部的长28-30厘米,宽约10厘米,阔披针形,先端长渐尖,柄长1-1.5厘米,互生,斜向上,相距10 15厘米,二回羽状;一回小羽片15-20对,基部上侧一片略长,约4厘米,与叶轴并行,自第二片以上长2.5-3厘米,宽8-10毫米,阔披针形,渐尖头,基部不等宽,上侧近平截,下侧楔形,下延,无柄,相距1-1.5厘米,几开展,羽状深裂几达小羽轴;末回裂片6-8对,基部上侧一片略长,与羽轴并行,其余长7-8毫米,宽约4毫米,长圆形,先端圆而有尖锯齿,基部上侧平截,下侧直楔形,基部多少汇合,有缺刻分开,边缘浅裂;小裂片全缘或先端有2-3个矮钝齿。羽片向上渐短。叶脉下面稍隆起,羽状分枝。叶薄草质,干后黄绿色,上面有灰白细毛贴生,下面有灰白短柔毛密生。叶轴及羽轴禾稈色,有柔毛疏生。孢子囊群近末回裂片边缘着生,1-3对或1个,生于基部上侧近缺刻处;囊群盖小,半杯形,淡棕色,有柔毛。
产台湾、海南岛、云南(河口),生山峡中。泛热带种,广泛分布于琉球、越南、柬埔寨、锡兰、印度、菲律宾、马来群岛、玻里内西亚、昆士兰、西印度群岛、巴西南部及热带非洲等地。分类学家对本种的认识各异其词,应进一步加以明确。