| 学名(拉丁名) | Cirsium maackii |
| 中文名 | 野蓟 |
| 命名人 | Maxim. |
| 中文科名 | 菊科 |
| 拉丁属名 | Cirsium |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Compositae |
| 中文属名 | 蓟属 |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Cirsium maackii |
| 命名人 | Maxim. (accepted name) |
| 拉丁属名 | Cirsium |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Asteraceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Cirsium maackii |
| 中文名 | 野蓟 |
| 拉丁属名 | Cirsium |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Asteraceae |
| 学名(拉丁名) | Cirsium maackii |
| 中文名 | 野蓟 |
| 中文科名 | 菊科 |
| 拉丁属名 | Cirsium |
| 类型 | species |
| 拉丁科名 | Asteraceae |
| 中文属名 | 蓟属 |
Cirsium asperum Nakai; C. japonicum Candolle var. amurense Kitamura; C. japonicum subsp. maackii (Maximowicz) Nakai; C. japonicum var. maackii (Maximowicz) Matsumura; C. japonicum var. ussuriense (Regel) Kitamura; C. litorale Maximowicz var. ussuriense Regel; C. maackii var. koreiense (Nakai) Nakai; Cnicus japonicus Maximowicz var. maackii (Maximowicz) Maximowicz; C. maackii (Maximowicz) Nakai; C. maackii var. koreiensis Nakai.
Herbs 40-150 cm tall, perennial. Roots tuberous, fusiform. Stems grayish white, erect, branched or unbranched, unwinged, with multicellular hairs and densely felted above. Leaves with smooth surface, concolorous with crispate hairs along veins or ± discolorous, abaxially grayish green and cobwebby. Basal and lower cauline leaves often concolorous, with winged petiole, wing spiny or with triangular spine-tipped teeth; leaf blade elliptic to lanceolate, 15-30 × 7-9 cm, pinnately divided; segments 4-8 pairs, elliptic, fringed with spinules and with unequal triangular teeth with lateral spinules less than 1 mm and a ca. 5 mm apical spine; terminal segment largest. Middle and upper cauline leaves similar but sessile, smaller, sometimes undivided, discolorous, auriculate semiamplexicaul. Capitula 1 or several, corymbose, erect or nodding. Involucre campanulate, ca. 2 cm in diam., glabrous or sparsely cobwebby. Phyllaries in ca. 5 rows, lacking marginal spinules, wings, and scarious appendage, abaxially with a dark resinous gland; outer and middle phyllaries triangular-lanceolate to lanceolate, 6-13 × 2-2.5 mm, margin ciliate, apex acute and tipped with a spinule less than 0.5 mm; inner phyllaries lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1.3-2.3 × 0.2-0.3 cm. Florets bisexual. Corolla purplish red, ca. 2.4 cm, tube ca. 1.2 cm. Achene yellowish, ca. 4 mm. Pappus bristles white, ca. 2 cm. Fl. and fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 34, 36.
Grasslands on mountain slopes, forest margins, meadows, near villages; 100-1100 m. S Anhui, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, SE Nei Mongol, E Shandong, Sichuan, N Zhejiang [Korea, Russia].
25.野蓟（东北植物检索表）牛戳口
Cirsium Maachii Maxim., Prim, Fl. Amur. 172, 1859; Trautv. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 8: 503, 1883; Komar, Fl. Mansh. 3: 750, 1907; Nakai, Fl. Korena 2: 47, 1911 et in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 26: 375, 1912 et Fl. Syl. Koreana 14: 109, 1923 et in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 46: 624, 1932; Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 3: 4, 1934 et in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 13: 62, 1937; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3: 147, 1935, p. p.; Kitag., Lineam. Fl. Manch, 445, 1939;东北植物检索表, 412, 1959; Charadze in Fl. URSS 28: 157, 1963; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19(1-2): 60, p. p. 1966; H. Ch. Fu in Fl. Intramong. 6:200, 1982; 石铸, 植物分类学报22 (6): 445, 1984——C. littoral e Maxim. var. ussuriense Rgl., Tent. Fl. Ussur. 102, 1861——Cnicus japonicus (DC.) Maxim. ε. maackii Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. Petersb. 19: 503, 1874 et in Mel. Biol. 9: 326, 1874——C. maackii (Maxim.) Nakai in Tokyo Bot, Mag. 23: 99, 1909——C. maackii (Maxim.) Nakai var. korciensis Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 23: 99, 1909——Cirsium japonicum DC. subsp. maackii (Maxim.) Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 25: 61, 1911——C. maackii Maxim. f. koreiense. (Nakai) Nakai, Fl. Koreana 2: 47, 1911——C. asperum Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag: 46: 618, 1912——C. maackii Maxim. var. koreiense (Nakai) Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 26: 375, 1912, 46: 625, 1932 et Fl. Sylv. Korena 14: 109, 1923——C. japonicum DC. var. amurense Kitam., Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 12, 1931——C. japonicum DC. var. ussuriense (Rgl.) Kitam. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 20: 198, 1944; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19 (1-2): 57, 1966——Cnicus japonicus auct. non (DC.) Maxim. : Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 461, p. p. 1888.
多年生草本，高40-150厘米，不定根可以发育成萝卜状的块根。茎直立，分枝或不分枝，被多细胞长或短节毛，上部特别接头状花序下部灰白色，有稠密的绒毛。基生叶和下部茎叶全形长椭圆形、披针形或披针状椭圆形，向下渐狭成翼柄，柄基有时扩大半抱茎，柄翼边缘三角形刺齿或针刺，包括翼柄长20-25厘米，宽7-9厘米，羽状半裂、深裂或几全裂，侧裂片4-8对，半长椭圆形，中部侧裂片较大，宽1-2厘米，全部侧裂片边缘具大形或小形三角形刺齿及缘毛状针刺，有时边缘刺齿裂度较深而使叶呈现近乎二回羽状态，刺齿顶端有针刺，针刺较长，长达5毫米，齿缘针刺及缘毛状针刺较短，长不足1毫米；向上的叶渐小，与下部及基生叶同形，等样分裂或不裂而边缘有刺齿，基部扩大的耳状抱茎。全部叶两面异色，上面绿色，沿脉被稀疏的多细胞长或短节毛，下面灰色或浅灰色，被稀疏绒毛，或至少上部叶两面异色。头状花序单生茎端，或在茎枝顶端排成伞房花序。总苞钟状，直径2厘米。总苞片约5层，覆瓦状排列，外层及中层长三角状披针形至披针形，长6-13毫米，宽2-2.5毫米，顶端急尖成短针刺，针刺长不足0.5毫米，边缘有缘毛；内层及最内层披针形至线状披针形，长1.3-2.3厘米。全部苞片背面有黑色粘腺。小花紫红色，花冠长2.4厘米，檐部与细管部等长，5裂不达檐部中部。瘦果淡黄色，偏斜倒披针状，长4 毫米，宽1.8毫米，压扁，顶端截形。冠毛多层，白色，基部连合成环，整体脱落；冠毛刚毛长羽毛状，长达2厘米，内层顶端纺锤状扩大。花果期6-9月。
分布黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、山东、江苏、浙江、安徽及四川。生于山坡草地、林缘、草甸及林旁，海拔140-1100米。苏联远东地区及朝鲜有分布。模式标本采自松花江流域。
本种在叶的裂度上有些变化。东北地区的叶几呈二回羽状分裂状态，一回几全裂，末回裂片较细长；江苏及浙江某些地区的植株，叶常浅裂，裂片较宽大，边缘刺齿小而且少。
标本份数
KUN官网