学名(拉丁名) | Ainsliaea fragrans |
中文名 | 杏香兔儿风 |
命名人 | Champ. |
中文科名 | 菊科 |
拉丁属名 | Ainsliaea |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Compositae |
中文属名 | 兔儿风属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Ainsliaea fragrans |
中文名 | 杏香兔儿风 |
中文科名 | 菊科 |
拉丁属名 | Ainsliaea |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Compositae |
中文属名 | 兔儿风属 |
学名(拉丁名) | Ainsliaea fragrans |
中文名 | 杏香兔儿风 |
中文科名 | 菊科 |
类型 | |
拉丁科名 | ASTERACEAE |
学名(拉丁名) | Ainsliaea fragrans |
中文名 | 杏香兔儿风 |
中文科名 | 菊科 |
类型 | |
拉丁科名 | ASTERACEAE |
学名(拉丁名) | Ainsliaea fragrans |
命名人 | Champ. ex Benth. (accepted name) |
拉丁属名 | Ainsliaea |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Asteraceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Ainsliaea fragrans |
中文名 | 杏香兔儿风 |
拉丁属名 | Ainsliaea |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Asteraceae |
学名(拉丁名) | Ainsliaea fragrans |
中文名 | 杏香兔儿风 |
中文科名 | 菊科 |
拉丁属名 | Ainsliaea |
类型 | species |
拉丁科名 | Asteraceae |
中文属名 | 兔儿风属 |
学名 | 状态 | 来源 | 命名人 |
---|---|---|---|
Ainsliaea asarifolia Hayata | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Ainsliaea fragrans var. fragrans | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Ainsliaea ningpoensis Matsuda | Synonym | The Plant List | |
Ainsliaea fragrans var. integrifolia (Maxim.) Kitam. | Accepted | The Plant List |
多年生草本,高20-70厘米。根茎上部垂直而下部斜生或曲折,长达6厘米,上部粗达1厘米,先端密具褐色长柔毛,生多数须根;须根线形,延长,粗1-2毫米,具少数纤维状细根。茎单一,直立,基部粗1-3毫米,常呈紫红色或带紫红色,不分枝,被褐色长柔毛。基生叶5-10枚,呈莲座状,叶片卵形或狭卵形,长2-10厘米,宽1.5-4.5厘米,先端钝,具小尖头,基部心形,边缘全缘并具疏离的胼胝状尖齿,有向上弯拱的密缘毛,表面绿色或暗绿色,背面淡绿色或有时略带紫红色,两面密被褐色长柔毛,后表面渐脱毛,基出脉3-5条,在表面凸起,侧脉1-2对,网脉少而细弱,叶柄粗壮,长1-8厘米,密被褐色长柔毛,无翅;茎生叶少数,疏离,极退化,大多呈钻形。头状花序无梗或近无梗,单生或2-3个簇生或3-5个排成极短的总状花序,再于茎顶端排列成间断的穗状花序;苞叶钻形,长2-4毫米;总苞圆筒形,径2.5-3.5毫米;总苞片5-7层,外层卵形,长1-1.5毫米,先端急尖,中层卵状披针形,较长,先端急尖至短渐尖,内层椭圆状线形,长约1厘米,先端渐尖,中层和内层具狭膜质边缘,全部总苞片先端和边缘常带紫红色,背面有 (1-) 3-5条纵纹,无毛或稀被微毛;花序托径约0.5毫米,无毛。小花通常3朵,全部两性,两型:闭花授粉花花冠管状圆筒形,隐藏于冠毛丛中;开花授粉花花冠管状,白色,长8-10毫米,冠檐5深裂至近基部,裂片线形,冠管细,长4-5毫米,花药长4-4.5毫米,先端钝,基部箭形并具长尾,花柱分枝短,伸出药管,先端钝。瘦果圆柱状,长3-4毫米,稍扁,具8条隆起的纵棱,被白色向上的贴毛;开花授粉花的冠毛极短,闭花授粉花的冠毛淡褐色,羽毛状,长5.5-7毫米。花果期8-11月。
产于大关、鹤庆;生于海拔2000米附近的杂木林下。安徽、江苏、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖北、湖南、广东、广西和四川有分布。云南新记录。
Ainsliaea asarifolia Hayata; A. cordifolia Franchet & Savatier var. integrifolia Maximowicz; A. fragrans var. integrifolia (Maximowicz) Kitamura; A. integrifolia (Maximowicz) Makino; A. ningpoensis Matsuda; A. rubrifolia Franchet.
Herbs, perennial, 25-60 cm tall. Leaves in basal rosette or above stem base; petiole 1.5-10(-14) cm, wingless, strigose; leaf blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2-11 × 1.5-5 cm, subleathery, palmate-pinnate veined, abaxially commonly purple, red villous, especially along veins, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pilose, base cordate, margin entire or sparsely callose-denticulate, ciliate, apex obtuse or mucronate extended from midvein. Capitula subsessile or shortly pedunculate, arranged in spikes (rarely panicles), 3-flowered; involucre cylindric, 3-3.5 mm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 5-seriate, papery, abaxially glabrous, outer phyllaries ovate, 1.8-2 mm, inner narrowly elliptic, ca. 1.1 cm. Florets bisexual, chasmogamous and cleistogamous in same plant (or at different seasons). Chasmogamous florets white, corollas tubular, ca. 1 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear, unequal, anther appendages obtuse. Achenes terete or subfusiform, ca. 4 mm, ribbed, densely villous throughout or on upper part; pappus light brownish, ca. 7 mm. Cleistogamous floret corollas closed, tubular, minutely 5-lobed, ca. 8 mm, hidden in pappus. Achenes ca. 5 mm; pappus ca. 12 mm. Fl. Sep-Dec.
Scrub, roadsides, grassy areas by stream banks; near sea level to 1300 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
Ainsliaea asarifolia, A. integrifolia, A. ningpoensis, and A. rubrifolia are treated here as synonyms of A. fragrans because there is no diagnostic character to separate them as distinct taxa. All of these have petiolate leaves that are ovate to oblong, cordate at the base, with margins remotely callose-denticulate and lanuginous abaxially, especially on the veins. In addition, the differential character mentioned in the protologue of A. rubrifolia, i.e., leaves reddish green on the abaxial surface, is a variable feature throughout the range of A. fragrans.
Ainsliaea asarifolia, A. integrifolia, A. ningpoensis, and A. rubrifolia are treated here as synonyms of A. fragrans because there is no diagnostic character to separate them as distinct taxa. All of these have petiolate leaves that are ovate to oblong, cordate at the base, with margins remotely callose-denticulate and lanuginous abaxially, especially on the veins. In addition, the differential character mentioned in the protologue of A. rubrifolia, i.e., leaves reddish green on the abaxial surface, is a variable feature throughout the range of A. fragrans.
5.杏香兔儿风 图版6: 1-5
Ainsliaea fragrans Champ. in Journ. Bot. Kew Misc. 4: 236. 1852: Benth. Fl. Hongk. 192. 1861; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 231. 1875; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc Bot. 23: 470. 1888; Beauverd in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve ser. 2, 1: 379. 1909; Mattf. in Acta Hort. Gotob. 8: 80. 1933; Hand.-Mazz. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 56(B): 469. 1937; Kitamura in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. ser. B. 15: 390. 1940, et in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 20. 1941; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 18: 95. 1965;中国高等植物图鉴4: 663.图6740. 1975; 台湾植物志4: 777. 1978.——Ainshaea ningpoensis Matsuda in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 27: 236. 1913. ——Ainsliaea asarifolia Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 8: 71. Pl. 11. 1919.
多年生草本。根状茎短或伸长,有时可离地面近2厘米,圆柱形,直或弯曲,直径1-3毫米,根颈被褐色绒毛,具簇生细长须根。茎直立,单一,不分枝,花葶状,高25-60厘米,被褐色长柔毛。叶聚生于茎的基部,莲座状或呈假轮生,叶片厚纸质,卵形、狭卵形或卵状长圆形,长2-11厘米,宽1.5-5厘米,顶端钝或中脉延伸具一小的凸尖头,基部深心形,边全缘或具疏离的胼胝体状小齿,有向上弯拱的缘毛,上面绿色,无毛或被疏毛,下面淡绿色或有时多少带紫红色,被较密的长柔毛,脉上尤甚;基出脉5条,在下面明显增粗并凸起,中脉中上部复具1-2对侧脉,网脉略明显,网眼大;叶柄长1.5-6厘米,稀更长,无翅,密被长柔毛。头状花序通常有小花3朵,具被短柔毛的短梗或无梗,于花葶之顶排成间断的总状花序,花序轴被深褐色的短柔毛,并有3-4毫米长的钻形苞叶;总苞圆筒形,直径3-3.5毫米;总苞片约5层,背部有纵纹,无毛,有时顶端带紫红色,外1-2层卵形,长1.8-2毫米,宽约1毫米,顶端尖,中层近椭圆形,长3-8毫米,宽1.5-2毫米,顶端钝,最内层狭椭圆形,长约11毫米,宽约2毫米,顶端渐尖,基部长渐狭,具爪,边缘干膜质;花托狭,不平,直径约0.5毫米,无毛。花全部两性,白色,开放时具杏仁香气,花冠管纤细,长约6毫米,冠檐显著扩大,于管口上方5深裂,裂片线形,与花冠管近等长;花药长约4.5毫米,顶端钝,基部箭形的尾部长约2毫米;花柱分枝伸出药筒之外,长约0.5毫米,顶端钝头。瘦果棒状圆柱形或近纺锤形,栗褐色,略压扁,长约4毫米,被8条显著的纵棱,被较密的长柔毛。冠毛多数,淡褐色,羽毛状,长约7毫米,基部联合。花期11-12月。
产于台湾、福建、浙江、安徽、江苏、江西、湖北、四川、湖南、广东、广西等省区。生于山坡灌木林下或路旁、沟边草丛中,海拔30-850米。模式标本采自广东南部沿海岛屿。
全草药用,有清热、解毒、利尿、散结等功效,治肺病吐血、跌打损伤等。
本种有闭花受精的现象。闭花受精的植株,其内层总苞片长可达15-18毫米,花冠极纤弱,不开裂,隐藏于冠毛之中,长为冠毛的2/3,约8毫米。